Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 39-year-old woman with long-standing anorexia nervosa was admitted to our hospital because of extreme weakness and cachexia. During a hyperalimentation therapy, she developed chest pain, revealing the electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes a myocardial infarction of the inferior wall. We suggest that anorexia nervosa does not 'protect' against coronary atherosclerosis, and that some of the cases of sudden death could be related to myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa and myocardial infarction. 796 Feb 53

Twenty-four patients with cardiac cachexia associated with mitral valve disease were evaluated from the point of postoperative respiratory management. Our previous study suggested that preoperative intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) had just a effect on postoperative respiratory management, but another study suggested that left atrial plication (LAP) for giant left atrium might improve the postoperative respiratory function. Therefore, four groups could be identified: (1) IVH group (17 patients), (2) No-IVH group (7 patients), (3) LAP group (6 patients), (4) No-LAP group (18 patients). The hospital mortality was 18% in IVH group and was not related to the postoperative respiratory distress. On the contrary, the mortality in No-IVH group was 57%, related to the postoperative respiratory distress. The mortality of LAP group was 67%, and was related to the respiratory distress except one patient. In No-LAP group which had undertaken preoperative IVH, the mortality was 17%. As a result, preoperative IVH therapy may consider to be a favorite procedure in order to get the good postoperative respiratory condition, but LAP itself would be suspicious for this purpose.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of cardiac cachexia with mitral valve disease: the effect of preoperative IVH and left atrial plication on postoperative respiratory condition]. 843 75

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurones in the arcuate nucleus of the rodent hypothalamus may play a key role in responding to reductions in body energy stores with appropriate changes in energy homeostasis, namely an increase in food-seeking behaviour and hyperphagia, together with a reduction in heat production by brown adipose tissue. These adaptive responses are mimicked by the injection of NPY into the main sites of projection of the NPY neurones, and animals that are threatened by energy deficits (e.g. through starvation or insulin-deficient diabetes) show increased activity of these neurones. Genetically obese rodents also show hyperactivity of the NPY neurones, which is inappropriate to their energy needs and may contribute to their hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure and excessive weight gain. The NPY neurones may be inhibited by insulin and leptin, which may both serve as signals of peripheral fat mass. Ultimately, characterization of the specific "feeding' receptors which mediate NPY's central effects on energy homeostasis may provide opportunities for designing drugs to manipulate and appetite and energy balance in man, notably obesity and the cachexia commonly associated with malignancy and chronic infection.
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PMID:Neuropeptide Y, the hypothalamus and the regulation of energy homeostasis. 887 Nov 82

An increase in the sensation of hunger and overeating after a period of chronic energy deprivation can be part of an autoregulatory phenomenon attempting to restore body weight. To gain insights into the role of fat and lean tissue depletion as determinants of such a hyperphagic response in humans, we reanalyzed the individual data on food intake and body composition available for the 12 starved and refed men in the classical Minnesota Experiment after a shift from a 12-wk period of restricted refeeding to an ad libitum refeeding period of 8 wk. For each individual, the following were determined: 1) the total hyperphagic response during the ad libitum refeeding period, calculated as the energy intake in excess of that during the prestarvation (control) period; 2) the degree of fat recovery and that of fat-free-mass (FFM) recovery before ad libitum refeeding, calculated as the deviation in fat and FFM from their respective prestarvation values (ie, the amount of fat or FFM before ad libitum refeeding as a percentage of fat or FFM during the control period); and 3) the deficit in energy intake before ad libitum refeeding, calculated as the difference between the energy intake during the period of restricted refeeding and that during the control period. The results indicate that 1) the total hyperphagic response is inversely correlated with the degree of fat recovery (r = -0.6) as well as with that of FFM recovery (r = -0.5), 2) the correlation between hyperphagia and FFM recovery persists after adjustment for fat recovery, and 3) the correlations between hyperphagia and fat recovery or FFM recovery persist after adjustment for the variance in the energy deficit during the preceding period of restricted refeeding. Taken together, these results in humans suggest that poststarvation hyperphagia is determined to a large extent by autoregulatory feedback mechanisms from both fat and lean tissues. These findings, which have implications for both the treatment of obesity and for nutritional rehabilitation after malnutrition and cachexia, have been integrated into a compartmental model of autoregulation of body composition, and can be used to explain the phenomenon of poststarvation overshoot in body fat.
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PMID:Poststarvation hyperphagia and body fat overshooting in humans: a role for feedback signals from lean and fat tissues. 906 20

Cachexia is common in patients with advanced neoplastic disease, and beyond certain levels, is associated with decreased survival. Depletion of vitamins and minerals may co-exist with protein-calorie undernutrition. The causes of the cancer cachexia syndrome may include decreased food intake, increased fecal and urinary nutrient losses, and abnormal metabolic pathways in both the host and the tumor. The complex nature of weight loss in cancer makes restoration of lean body mass more difficult in cancer than in non-cancer undernutrition. Non-volitional feeding (hyperalimentation) frequently causes cancer patients to gain weight, but this weight may be more fat and water than lean body mass. Hyperalimentation has not yet been shown to prolong survival in cancer, but additional nutritional support studies are in progress.
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PMID:Nutritional support of the cancer patient. 1031 14

A 72-year-old man underwent total cystectomy with single stoma cutaneous ureterostomy for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The patient came to the outpatient clinic every 2 weeks to exchange ureteral catheters. Six months after the operation, he was admitted to our hospital again due to edema of bilateral legs, fever, and loss of appetite. The patient had metastasis of intrapelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes associated with cachexia, and was given intravenous hyperalimentation and treatment to control pain. Suddenly, he complained of left flank pain. When the ureteral catheter was removed, massive bleeding occurred from the stomal orifice. A fistula between the artery and ureter was suspected. Six days later, the patient died due to acute renal failure. After his death, retrograde ureterography was performed to confirm the fistula. A fistula was found between the left common iliac artery and left ureter.
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PMID:[A fistula between the common iliac artery and ureter following cutaneous ureterostomy: a case report]. 1050 Sep 59

A 39-year-old man with Prader-Willi syndrome presents for evaluation of uncontrolled weight loss. Past history was significant for gastric bypass and prior episodes of intentional dieting. Family history was significant for an alcoholic father and two siblings with anorexia nervosa. The patient was unconcerned about his weight loss despite cachexia and did not want to stop dieting. This presentation of a restrictive eating pattern in a man with a syndrome usually associated with compulsive hyperphagia is the first known report
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PMID:An adult with Prader-Willi syndrome and anorexia nervosa: a case report. 1144 60

Although nutritional support using nutrient enemas was recorded almost 3,500 years ago, the modern era of clinical dietetics commenced with the development of intravenous hyperalimentation by Dudrick et al. and the development of the chemically defined diet by Greenstein et al. Thereafter, clinical nutritional support became widely accepted as one of the basic tools of patient care, and knowledge of the metabolism of nutrients has been extended. In particular, the significance of micronutrients in systemic function, importance of gut function on the systemic metabolism and immune system, and involvement of amino acids and fat elements in the development and amelioration of specific disease status such as renal and hepatic failure have been recognized, and specific nutritional support has been created as a treatment strategy. In addition to knowledge of renal and hepatic failure or metabolic disorders, accumulated information on tumor metabolism and pathophysiology in cancer cachexia has also enabled cancer treatment using a nutritional approach. An enteral diet containing certain amino acids such as arginine or glutamate, omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids, and nucleic acids has been developed, and its clinical application under the new concept of "immunonutrition" has demonstrated reduction of the incidence of infection and shortening of hospital stay. Many questions on Immunonutrition remain to be answered such as its mechanism or optimal composition, although it is a promising field for future evolution. Currently, the assessment of nutritional status and gut function is required through lifelong education of medical doctors as well as the popularization of nutritional support teams. In the near future, tailor-made nutritional support will be required based on gene polymorphisms.
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PMID:[Advance and perspective of clinical nutrition]. 1502 60

Cachexia is a clinical wasting syndrome that occurs in multiple disease states, and is associated with anorexia and a progressive loss of body fat and lean mass. The development of new therapeutics for this disorder is needed due to poor efficacy and multiple side effects of current therapies. The pivotal role played by the central melanocortin system in regulating body weight has made this an attractive target for novel cachexia therapies. The mixed melanocortin receptor antagonist AgRP is an endogenous peptide that induces hyperphagia. Here, we used AgRP(83-132) to investigate the ability of melanocortin antagonism to protect against clinical features of cachexia in two distinct animal models. In an acute model, food intake and body weight gain were reduced in mice exposed to radiation (300 RAD), and delivery of AgRP(83-132) into the lateral cerebral ventricle prevented these effects. In a chronic tumor cachexia model, adult mice were injected subcutaneously with a cell line derived from murine colon-26 adenocarcinoma. Typical of cachexia, tumor-bearing mice progressively reduced body weight and food intake, and gained significantly less muscle mass than controls. Administration of AgRP(83-132) into the lateral ventricles significantly increased body weight and food intake, and changes in muscle mass were similar to the tumor-free control mice. These findings support the idea that antagonism of the central melanocortin system can reduce the negative impact of cachexia and radiation therapy.
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PMID:Central infusion of the melanocortin receptor antagonist agouti-related peptide (AgRP(83-132)) prevents cachexia-related symptoms induced by radiation and colon-26 tumors in mice. 1720 51

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a rare complication after solid organ transplantation and consists of a reaction of donor derived immune cells directed against host tissues. The vast majority of cases reported in the literature involve liver, small intestine and pancreas transplantation. We report a case of GVHD in a 48-year-old man after living-unrelated kidney transplantation at another center. Six months postoperatively he developed a skin rash, anorexia, and diarrhea that resulted in malnutrition and a 90 pound weight loss. At this point he was transferred to our center with a BMI of 16 and severe cachexia. Intravenous hyperalimentation was initiated and an extensive work-up for an infectious etiology was performed and was negative. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed and revealed nodularity of the gastric mucosa, atrophy, and edema in the first and second portion of his duodenum. Biopsy findings were consistent with GVHD. Aggressive immunosuppressive therapy was instituted with a good response. The anorexia and diarrhea resolved, and he was discharged on hospital day 20. Three months later, there had been no recurrence of the diarrhea, the patient had gained an additional 40 pounds, BMI of 25, and a repeat upper endoscopy revealed complete resolution of the initial endoscopic abnormalities.
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PMID:Graft-versus-Host Disease after Living-Unrelated Kidney Transplantation. 2481 87


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