Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rhesus monkeys with knife cuts which disconnected the ventromedial hypothalamus and produced hypothalamic hyperphagia, we have studied a variety of stimuli known to reduce food intake: weight gain, emotionally arousing stimuli, bitter-tasting food, amphetamine, and pre-prandial intragastric infusion of nutrient. We demonstrate that these animals are similar to animals with ventromedial lesions in passing through a "dynamic" phase of overeating and weight gain and then stabilizing their body weight at a new level by reducing their feeding in a "static" phase. These animals are also more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of noise and bad taste in food. They, however, are less sensitive to the anorexic action of amphetamine. These results suggest that the ventromedial region is not crucial for the inhibitions produced by emotional arousal under our experimental conditions, but plays some role in amphetamine anorexia. Amphetamine is likely to have some specific anorexic action beyond its potential for arousal, since the same animals which are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of arousal are also resistant to amphetamine. Finally these hyperphagic animals do not differ from intact controls in the reduction of food intake produced by preloading with intragastric nutrient. This result is not consistent with the concepts that hypothalamic hyperphagia is caused by a disruption of satiety and that the ventromedial hypothalmic region is a crucial "satiety" centre.
 ...
PMID:Inhibitions of feeding examined in rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic disconnexions. 81 Feb 15

Hyperphagia and obesity are produced both by parasagittal knife cuts through the medial hypothalamus and by coronal knife cuts through the posterior hypothalamus. The results of this study indicate that the two types of cuts produce their overeating effect by severing the same neural pathway. Experiment 1 demonstrated that unilateral parasagittal knife cuts combined with contralateral coronal cuts in either the posterior hypothalamus or the midbrain significantly increase food intake and body weight. Experiment 2 revealed that bilateral parasagittal cuts and bilateral coronal cuts in the hypothalamus produce qualitatively similar effects on food intake, diurnal ingestive pattern, finickiness, and amphetamine anorexia. The two types of cuts differentially altered water intake, however. In Experiment 3, coronal cuts in the posterior hypothalamus, like parasagittal cuts in the medial hypothalamus, were found to increase the food intake and body weight of rats previously given bilateral parasagittal transections through the lateral perifornical region. The neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of the longitudinal feeding inhibitory pathway suggested by these results are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Hyperphagia and obesity produced by parasagittal and coronal hypothalamic knife cuts: further evidence for a longitudinal feeding inhibitory pathway. 92 5

Daily nicotine injections for 6 weeks produced a transient anorexia with a concomitant reduction of the body weight. Upon nicotine withdrawal, the rats developed a compensatory hyperphagia and gained nearly control weight.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of nicotine on body weight and feeding behavior of rats]. 99 64

Comparison of a series of twenty-four wrist-cutters with a control group of self-poisoners showed a number of significant differences. The wrist-cutters were younger and their acts were regarded as being of low lethality; they are no more likely to have made previous suicide attempts; they complain less often of depression, and more frequently of 'emptiness' and tension as primary complaints. Sudden, unpredictable mood swings are common and there is a greater tendency for their physicians to diagnose personality disorders, often in pejorative terms. They frequently have substantial medical interests and paramedical occupations. A high proportion complain of dysorectic symptoms (anorexia or overeating or combinations of both), use drugs and/or alcohol in excess; show sexual disturbance and distress, and also promiscuity. They more frequently have a negative reaction to menarche and menstruation; have come from broken homes and have experienced parental deprivation. A proportion of the group exhibit difficulty in verbal communication, and absconding from hospital was more common in the group of cutters. Painless cutting after a period of depersonalization, followed by relaxation and repersonalization after bleeding, was the typical pattern.
 ...
PMID:The phenomenology of self-mutilation in a general hospital setting. 119 28

Anorexia has been related to reduced activity of the paraventricular hypothalamic (PVN) noradrenergic-feeding system. In this study we determined whether clonidine (an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist) infused into the PVN reduced susceptibility to activity-based anorexia (ABA) in the rat. In Experiment 1, clonidine (6 doses) was chronically infused into the PVN of male Sprague-Dawley rats. All animals were exposed to ABA (1.5 hr/day food access; 22.5 hr/day running wheel access) until a 25% body weight loss was reached. Dose-related increases in susceptibility to ABA and decreases in food intake were observed. In Experiment 2, for which heavier animals and 3 doses of clonidine were used, we found no difference in food intake and wheel activity but increased susceptibility to ABA. Chronic clonidine infused into the PVN does not produce hyperphagia and exacerbates rather than attenuates susceptibility to ABA.
 ...
PMID:Paraventricular hypothalamic clonidine increases rather than decreases susceptibility to activity-based anorexia in the rat. 133 66

Anorexia and cachexia are major problems in patients with cancer. Such measures as anti-cancer therapy, dietary counselling or hyperalimentation are not very successful in reversing this phenomenon in the vast majority of cancer patients. Thus, several drugs have been evaluated as agents to ameliorate cancer-associated anorexia/cachexia. Cyproheptadine is an antiserotonergic drug which appears to cause slight appetite stimulation in patients. A randomised clinical trial, however, was unable to demonstrate any weight gain from this agent. Corticosteroids are frequently used in clinical practice for appetite stimulation in patients with advanced malignancies. Supporting this practice, 4 randomised clinical trials showed that corticosteroid medications can stimulate the appetites of advanced cancer patients. However, these studies were not able to show any substantial nonfluid weight gain in treated patients. Megestrol acetate is a progestational agent which appears to be a relatively potent appetite stimulant. Randomised studies in advanced cancer patients have shown both substantial appetite stimulation and improvement in the nonfluid bodyweights of patients receiving this drug. Preliminary evidence also suggests that this drug has antiemetic properties. Several clinical studies are currently ongoing to determine the effect of various doses of megestrol acetate in patients with cancer. Efforts are also ongoing to evaluate both anabolic steroids and hydrazine sulfate as drugs for the treatment of patients with cancer anorexia/cachexia. The preliminary nature of these investigations, however, precludes recommendations for the use of either of these latter 2 drugs in routine clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:Cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia. Implications for drug therapy. 137 16

This paper updates the informations on the three most important anorexigenic peptides: cholecystokinin, neurotensin and corticotropin-releasing factor. Their peripheral and/or central effects on food and water intakes as well as on dietary preferences are detailed. Their mechanisms of action and regulation are examined. This includes the interactions with classical neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine, etc...) as well as the description of the brain nuclei and neuronal networks involved. Finally, their variations in disturbed feeding behavior (hyperphagia, anorexia) in man or in animal models are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:[Cholecystokinin, neurotensin and corticotropin-releasing factor, three important anorexic peptides]. 144 78

Persons who contacted the Anorexia/Bulimia Association of Norway for information and stated that they had an eating disorder were asked to participate in this questionnaire study. The answers from the 32 women who fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa are presented. Usually the women's eating problems had started in the teens after a period of voluntary dieting. The mean duration of bulimia nervosa was six years. 31% had a history of anorexia nervosa. At the time of the study almost all had normal body weight, but nevertheless felt overweight. 78% practised self-induced vomiting, 22% used laxatives and 16% used diuretics to reduce weight. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were common in connection with the overeating episodes, but also more generally, which interfered with everyday life. Somatic symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, dyspepsia, headache, dry mouth and eyes, parotid gland swelling, muscular symptoms, fatigue, and oligomenorrhoea) were also common.
 ...
PMID:[Bulimia nervosa and self-reported symptoms. A questionnaire study among 32 women with bulimia nervosa]. 147 Nov 6

Previous work has characterized an anorexic action for endogenous, central nervous system corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Central injection of CRF decreases food intake induced pharmacologically by various appetite stimulants and a CRF antagonist attenuates restraint stress anorexia. Also, stressful physiological stimuli that are relevant to ingestive regulation, such as glucoprivation and protein nutrient deficiency, activate CRF systems. The present experiments examined the effects of exogenously administered CRF and a CRF antagonist, alpha-helical CRF(9-41), on spontaneous feeding induced by neuropeptide Y (NPY) and by a tail-pinch stressor. Pretreatment with a low dose of the CRF antagonist (1 microgram ICV) enhanced the hyperphagia induced by NPY while reducing the latency to begin feeding and increasing the duration of eating during tail pinch. Higher doses of alpha-hel CRF (5 and 25 micrograms ICV) exhibited diminishing or opposite effects. In contrast, CRF pretreatment (0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 microgram ICV) blocked the acquisition of tail-pinch feeding. Hence, while CRF administration impairs intake in these and other feeding paradigms, alpha-hel CRF actually facilitated dose dependently the intensity of the feeding response to NPY and tail pinch. These results suggest that endogenous CRF systems may play a role in modulating excessive feeding under conditions of evoked appetite and that brain CRF systems regulate feeding when excessive intake threatens to compromise the performance of other noningestive behaviors.
 ...
PMID:Endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor modulates feeding induced by neuropeptide Y or a tail-pinch stressor. 148 May 13

The hypothalamus, in addition to regulating the anterior and posterior pituitary, controls water balance through thirst, regulates food ingestion and body temperature, influences consciousness, sleep, emotion and other behaviors. Much has been learned of these effects in human disease through the clinical manifestations that occur with hypothalamic lesions. This study reviews the clinical pathologic correlations that have been made in recent years showing that regions of the hypothalamus exert functions in humans that are similar to those identified in experimental animals. Clinical pathologic correlations have not always provided precise analysis of hypothalamic function. The hypothalamus is small and often lesions that come to clinical attention achieve considerable size before their recognition, making local anatomic dissections of the effects of the lesions difficult. Nevertheless, the use of modern non-invasive techniques including CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided new information not previously available. This paper reviews several cases of hypothalamic disorder recognized recently. (1) A 33-year-old black man with hypothalamic sarcoidosis. Manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction included panhypopituitarism, aggressive hyperphagia, polydipsia (partially due to hyperglycemia secondary to diabetes mellitus), drowsiness, depression, and irritability. (2) A 37-year-old woman with a large intrahypothalamic tumor (biopsy showed pituitary adenoma), with drowsiness, poikilothermia, lack of satiety, confusion, and memory loss. She becomes depressed when she is transiently more alert (as after hypertonic contrast-dye infusion). (3) A 60-year-old man with hypothalamic compression by a pituitary tumor, associated with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH), severe anorexia, memory loss, but preserved thirst. After surgical decompression of the tumor his appetite acutely recovered, but he developed severe hypo(poikilo)thermia. (4) A 45-year-old woman with a suprasellar craniopharyngioma presented with severe drowsiness, hyperphagia, depression, and memory loss post-operatively, which responded to antidepressants (except for the memory loss). She had extremely labile blood pressures and serum Na for about 1 week post-operatively.
 ...
PMID:Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. 148 Jul 55


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>