Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The area postrema (AP) is a hindbrain circumventricular organ (CVO) with apparent chemoreceptive function. The AP has demonstrated neural and vascular connections with the nucleus of the solitary tract (SOL), a structure which receives the primary visceral afferents from the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The anatomical structure and connections of the AP suggests a potential role for this CVO in the control of feeding behavior. We have found that rats with surgically produced AP lesions consumed the same amounts of pelleted food ad libitum as control rats. Lesioned and control rats also consumed equal amounts of lab chow after 21 h food deprivation. However, when presented with a preferred food (instant breakfast or cookies), AP-lesioned rats consumed at least double the amount consumed by control rats. It is possible that AP lesions impair sensitivity to satiety cues. However, lesion rats did decrease their instant breakfast intake in response to cholecystokinin injections or gastric preloads. Furthermore, overingestion by AP-lesioned rats occurred only in response to preferred (highly palatable) foods and not in response to lab chow. Lesioned rats rejected quinine-adulterated instant breakfast at the same adulterant concentration as controls. Therefore, the lesioned rats do not suffer from ageusia or from enhanced responsiveness to bitter taste. Rather, the selective overeating by AP-lesioned rats may reflect an enhanced behavioral response to the sensory qualities of normally preferred foods. The close association of the AP with the SOL provides a neuroanatomical avenue by which a putative AP-chemoreceptor could alter the quality or intensity of information arriving via the taste afferents. Such tuning of gustatory mechanisms could be an important component of ingestive control.
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PMID:Ablation of the area postrema causes exaggerated consumption of preferred foods in the rat. 724 78

The sensation of adequate taste detection can be associated with satisfaction of food intake. The impairment of taste detection may be associated with the development of obesity. Taste detection is determined hereditarily, but it can be influenced also by the occurrence of neuropathy. To find an explanation for these phenomena, we investigated 73 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) 2 (i.e., non-insulin-dependent DM); 11 patients with DM 1 (i.e., insulin-dependent DM); 12 obese patients (body-mass index >30) without DM; and 29 control patients. All subjects underwent electrogustometric examination with Hortmman's electrogustometer. During this examination, we obtained electrical thresholds of taste by stimulating appropriate parts of the tongue. We stimulated the apex, middle, and near tongue radix areas on both sides. The resulting value is the average on the left and right sides of the mentioned areas. We considered a value of less than 40 microA to be normal. Values in excess of 100 microA are considered as hypogeusia. Values between 40 and 100 microA are taken as borderline, and ageusia is in excess of 500 microA. According to these criteria, in the DM 2 group, we found 40% of patients with hypogeusia, whereas in the DM 1 group, we found 33% of patients; 25% of patients were in the obese group. Among normal subjects (people without obesity or DM), no hypogeusia was found. We found ageusia in 5% of patients with DM 2, in 3% of patients with DM 1, and in 14% of obese patients. Among normal subjects, we found no ageusia. These results support the hypothesis that diminished taste detection can evoke hyperphagia and later obesity.
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PMID:Gustometry of diabetes mellitus patients and obese patients. 1075 33