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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

These studies were undertaken to assess the effects of increased galactose (v increased glucose) metabolism via the polyol pathway on vascular filtration function in the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and aorta. Quantitative radiolabeled tracer techniques were used to assess glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and regional tissue vascular clearance of plasma 131I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) in five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats: nondiabetic controls, streptozotocin-diabetic rats, nondiabetic rats fed a 50% galactose diet, diabetic rats treated with sorbinil (an aldose reductase inhibitor), and galactose-fed rats treated with sorbinil. Sorbinil was added to the diet to provide a daily dose of approximately .2 mmol/kg body weight. After 2 months of diabetes or galactose ingestion, albumin clearance was increased twofold to fourfold in the eye (anterior uvea, choroid, and retina), sciatic nerve, aorta, and kidney; GFR was increased approximately twofold and urinary excretion of endogenous albumin and IgG were increased approximately 10-fold. Sorbinil treatment markedly reduced or completely prevented all of these changes in galactose-fed, as well as in diabetic rats. These observations support the hypothesis that increased metabolism of glucose via the sorbitol pathway is of central importance in mediating virtually all of the early changes in vascular filtration function associated with diabetes in the kidney, as well as in the eyes, nerves, and aorta. On the other hand, renal hypertrophy in diabetic rats and polyuria, hyperphagia, and impaired weight gain in galactose-fed and in diabetic rats were unaffected by sorbinil and therefore are unlikely to be mediated by increased polyol metabolism.
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PMID:Vascular filtration function in galactose-fed versus diabetic rats: the role of polyol pathway activity. 211 13

It is well known that nutrition plays an important role in the maintenance of health through the whole life. Especially, nutrition in the elderly is thought to be necessary for keeping their life comfortable. How much calories should be needed in the elderly? In our country, daily allowance of total calories is 1600 kcal in male and 1400 kcal in female in seventh decade respectively. 1460 kcal in male and 1270 kcal in female over eighty years old are recommended respectively. Protein requirement is about 0.6 g/kg of body weight. Fat should be kept as it is. Vitamin and mineral are the another important factors. We investigated the levels of serum vitamin B1 (B1) and B12 (B12) in 26 elderly out-patients. B1 and B12 are within normal ranges and there is no tendency to decline with age. Serum Zinc (Zn) is one of microelements and its deficiency is thought to cause the taste disorder. In 126 male subjects, Zn decreased significantly with aging. Zn correlated with serum total protein and albumin. There exists some discrepancy in the food habits between the old and the young: Dietary habits is Japanese style in the former and Western one in the latter. Recently as the old people are increasing in population, those who complain of difficulty in swallowing food are also increasing. In these cases, we should apply the artificial feeding such as central venous hyperalimentation, nasogastric and gastro-fistula feeding, etc. And ratio of these artificial food intake will increase in the near future.
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PMID:[Nutrition in the elderly]. 235 53

In order to investigate the regulatory role of the immune system on gastrointestinal macromolecular permeability in neonates, and ontogeny of the neonatal immune system, we have developed a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) program capable of maintaining immunologically "virgin" germfree (GF) neonatal piglets. GF colostrum-deprived piglets obtained by aseptic hysterectomy 3-5 days prior to term were denied any oral feeding and maintained on central venous hyperalimentation in the GF isolators. GF piglets were anesthetized and 20-gauge silicone tubing was inserted into the external jugular vein and advanced to the level of right auricle of the heart. The distal end of the cannula was subcutaneously tunneled out between the shoulders and attached to a light jacket, tether, and swivel assembly that allowed the piglet to move freely inside the cage in a germfree unit. The TPN formula provided 60 Cal/kg/day for the first day and gradually increased up to 165 Cal/kg/day for day-7 and older piglets. The GF piglets were maintained on the TPN formula for 21 days and weight gain of the GF-TPN piglets averaged 23 g/day. The hematologic and serum biochemical parameters of GF-TPN piglets were within the normal range of gnotobiotic animals of their age group. The serum levels of total protein and albumin in the GF-TPN piglets were significantly less than those of colostrum-fed piglets, who absorbed a large quantity of the colostral macromolecules through their gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition in germfree colostrum-deprived neonatal miniature piglets: a unique model to study the ontogeny of the immune system. 314 37

A 30% body surface area, open-flame, full-thickness burn of adult rats induced a 4-day period of anorexia that was followed by hyperphagia beginning on postburn day 10. The hyperphagic burned rats also exhibited increased resting energy expenditure and no gain in body weight, suggesting hypermetabolism. Plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin and albumin were decreased in both groups of burned rats; immunoreactive pancreatic glucagon concentrations were elevated only in the anorectic burned rats. Plasma levels of epinephrine were elevated in the hyperphagic burned rats. In the brain, dopamine metabolism appeared to be increased in the corpus striatum, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala of anorectic burned rats; norepinephrine levels were elevated in the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens of the hyperphagic-hypermetabolic rats. These data indicate that this animal model of major burn trauma exhibits anorexia, hyperphagia, catabolism, and hypermetabolism. Furthermore, elevated dopamine metabolism appears to be associated with the anorexia, while the hyperphagia-hypermetabolism may be mediated by norepinephrine.
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PMID:Burn-induced alterations in feeding, energy expenditure, and brain amine neurotransmitters in rats. 357 6

In order to evaluate the effects of an unrestricted, compensatory, enteral hyperalimentation in patients with short bowel syndrome, we retrospectively selected from 128 consecutive patients with extensive small bowel resection a group of 25 who developed under this regimen a massive protracted diarrhea (fecal weight 2005-6188 g/day). All the patients but one were weaned from parenteral nutrition by the eighth day after admission. Although fecal weight increased in relation to the increase of the enteral intake, there was a significant gain of body weight, serum-albumin, and creatinine-height index and an improved fluid and electrolyte balance through the period of hospitalization. By contrast, 18 of the 25 patients developed hypocalcemia and/or hypomagnesemia. After discharge (median follow-up, three years), most patients resumed normal social activity. It is concluded that exclusively enteral hyperalimentation can stabilize most patients with severe short bowel syndrome even in the case of massive fecal losses.
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PMID:Compensatory enteral hyperalimentation for management of patients with severe short bowel syndrome. 392 12

Periodic parenteral hyperalimentation, the interruption of feeding for a period of time each day, parallels the fasted vs fed state in the meal eater. The fasted state appears to be more physiologic and seems to be associated with an increase of visceral proteins. Intravenous hyperalimentation data that have been published seem to confirm this fact. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of continuous enteral hyperalimentation and interrupt enteral hyperalimentation on the visceral protein compartment. Two groups of 10 afebrile matched control patients (group 1) were on continuous enteral hyperalimentation for 19 +/- 6 days with no improvement in serum albumin or serum transferrin levels. No changes were made in the feeding schedules of 10 of the patients. Feeding schedules of the other 10 patients were changed to an 8-hr interrupt enteral hyperalimentation with calories, protein, and volume being provided remaining the same. Repeat serum albumin and transferrin levels were obtained after 10 days. There was a significant increase in albumin and transferrin levels (p less than 0.005) in those patients changed to an interrupt feeding schedule.
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PMID:Visceral protein increase associated with interrupt versus continuous enteral hyperalimentation. 392 24

We report about a 76 years old patient with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. The diagnosis has been found with the following clinical symptoms: diarrhea, anorexia, alopecia, and onychotrophia. Laboratory values: severe hypoproteinemia (total serum protein 4.3 g/dl, albumin 2.4 g/dl); endoscopical and radiological findings: a generalized polyposis which involved the whole intestine except the oesophagus. As far as we saw in our literature-overview of 55 patients with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, this patient had for the first time a carcinoma of the urinary bladder and a Bricker operation 17 years before the onset of his disease. Further we remarked a lack in the resorption of the enterally administered thyroidal hormones. The progress was fatal despite a parenteral hyperalimentation and a treatment with antibiotics and glucocorticoids.
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PMID:[New observations in a case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome]. 396 97

Reduced serum concentrations of nutrients like iron, zinc and folates and of albumin and cholesterol are found, as well as emaciation, both in malnutrition and in cancer. In patients with leukemia, a depletion of intracellular potassium and hypo-potassemia are found in addition. The use of hyperalimentation in cancer was originally based on the concept that too little food is the cause of these disturbances in the nutrition state. However, there is also a disturbed metabolism of nutrients in patients with tumors and inflammatory disease. In the case of folic acid, the disturbed metabolism could not be normalized by hyperalimentation. The more advanced the disease, the more pronounced is the disturbed nutrient metabolism, and this disturbance is related to the macrophage activity. It is not self-evident, therefore, that hyperalimentation can normalize the nutritional state in cancer. Emaciation in cancer patients is not caused exclusively by malnutrition.
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PMID:Folate and iron metabolism in patients with tumors and inflammations. 406 5

Prognostic significance of postoperative changes in serum albumin and urea concentrations as well as their ratio was statistically evaluated in 73 patients with suture line leakage of the abdominal alimentary tract. Increase in serum urea was associated with poor prognosis regardless of the site of leakage. Although the serum albumin concentration was poorly correlated to prognosis, its ratio to serum urea was of more prognostic significance than the urea value alone. When the ratio of the serum albumin nitrogen to the urea nitrogen fell below 10, there was a sharp rise in mortality as well as in morbidity, associated with poor local defense reaction, high incidence of spreading peritonitis, severe systemic complications, and decreased tolerance to tube feeding as well as parenteral hyperalimentation. A special therapeutic policy was suggested for the management of leakage in patients with critically low albumin/urea ratios.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of serum albumin urea ratio in suture line leakage of the alimentary tract. 445 83

Hyperalimentation solutions have been shown to increase aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in rats and rabbits. Lysine is a major constituent of hyperalimentation solutions and is known to inhibit tubular reabsorption of protein. To test the effects of lysine on renal function and structure and on aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, three groups of rats were prepared. Groups 1 and 2 were infused with lysine (55 mumol/kg/min, 1.9 gm/kg total) for 4 hours. In group 2, gentamicin (60 mg/kg) was also infused during the third hour. In group 3, dextrose was given instead of lysine, and gentamicin was given as in group 2. In group 1 (lysine-saline solution), there was a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in 125I-albumin clearance factored by GFR. In group 2 (lysine-gentamicin), the same effects were seen, but the reduction in GFR was significantly greater. Group 3 (dextrose-gentamicin) showed no change in GFR over the 4-hour period, but did show an increase in 125I-albumin clearance factored by GFR. Fractional excretion of sodium rose in group 2 but not in groups 1 and 3. A gradual mild (20%) and nonsignificant fall in renal blood flow followed the combined administration of lysine and gentamicin. In separate 20-hour studies, lysine (1.9 gm/kg intraperitoneally) or gentamicin or tobramycin (60 mg/kg subcutaneously) produced mild renal failure, but the combination of lysine and an aminoglycoside produced substantially greater renal failure. Serum creatinine in experimental groups was significantly correlated with medullary cast formation and tubular necrosis (p less than 0.001). Giant lysosomes with crystalloid inclusions in proximal tubular cells, individual cell necrosis in the pars recta, and casts in the thin limb of the loop of Henle were seen in rats given lysine. We conclude that lysine alone and single large doses of aminoglycosides alone are nephrotoxic, and when the two are combined, toxicity is additive. The nephrotoxicity of lysine may be related to direct tubular toxicity and to tubular obstruction.
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PMID:Nephrotoxicity of lysine and of a single dose of aminoglycoside in rats given lysine. 642 41


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