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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (immunodeficiency), a disorder characterized by late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency and lack of humoral immunity, has a variable association with bronchiectasis, cholelithiasis, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, gastrointestinal neoplasia, megaloblastic anemia, and malabsorption. The patient described in this report had all of the above except neoplasia. In addition, he had calcium oxalate renal stones probably secondary to his malabsorption. The first case demonstrating the beneficial effect of home hyperalimentation in patients with severe malabsorption refractory to other treatments is described. Home hyperalimentation overnight allows the patient freedom for daily activities while also being more cost-effective than in-hospital parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Home hyperalimentation for common variable hypogammaglobulinemia with malabsorption secondary to intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. 311 40

Abdominal problems and catastrophes often complicate the clinical course after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in children. These complications can be grouped into categories of infection, chemotherapy and radiation toxicity, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), recurrent or de novo malignancy, and miscellaneous complications and can involve the hepatobiliary system, pancreas, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract. Infection is common after BMT: the causative organism depends on the changing immunologic state of the recipient and even on environmental factors such as recent construction, humidity, and antibiotic use. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease, pancreatitis, nephritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. GVHD is a process in which donor lymphoid cells produce damage to recipient target organs, especially skin, liver, and intestinal mucosa. Recurrent or de novo disease or malignancies, particularly B-cell lymphomas, may develop in chronically immunocompromised children. Other problems include stone disease, splenic and renal infarction, and complications of hyperalimentation therapy. Abdominal imaging, including plain radiography, contrast material-enhanced studies of the bowel, real-time and duplex sonography, and computed tomography, is essential in diagnosing these problems and evaluating response to therapy.
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PMID:Abdominal complications in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients. 821 May 93

A two-year-old infant with intractable diarrhea and lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes attributed to a persistent cytomegalovirus infection showed an increase in cells bearing the gamma/delta T-cell receptor (TCR), which accounted for approximately 20% of total peripheral blood lymphocytes and 40% of CD3+ T cells. Of the gamma/delta TCR+ cells, two-thirds were double negative (CD4-/CD8-) and the other one-third CD8 positive. The majority of gamma/delta+ cells were delta TCS 1 positive. The predominance of delta TCS 1 positive cells was also confirmed on biopsy of lymphoid tissues from the colon. After improvement of watery diarrhea and malnutrition following three-month hyperalimentation, the number of gamma/delta TCR+ cells decreased. The patient subsequently died of pneumonia at the age of 2 years and 11 months. A possible site-specific role for the gamma/delta TCR+ cells, particularly delta TCS 1+ cells, in the human intestine is discussed.
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PMID:Increase in T cells bearing the gamma/delta receptor associated with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes in an infant with intractable diarrhea. 824 82

Several observations suggest the presence of an interaction between immune and the endocrine systems. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone, that belongs structurally to the long-chain helical cytokine family such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-12 (IL-12), growth hormone (GH), and signals by a class I cytokine receptor (Ob-R). This cytokine represents an important link between fat mass on the one side and the regulation of energy balance and reproductive function on the other. Indeed, obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mice display low body temperature, hyperphagia, infertility and evidence of immune defects with lymphoid organ atrophy, mainly affecting thymic size and cellularity. Acute starvation, associated with decreased leptin levels, causes thymic atrophy and reduces the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to antigens in normal mice, resembling that observed in ob/ob mice. Leptin replacement reverses the immunosuppressive effects of acute starvation in mice. Leptin differentially affects the in vitro proliferation and cytokine production by naive and memory T cells, increasing IL-2 secretion and proliferation of naive T cells, while inducing IFN-g production in memory T cells with little effect on their proliferation. Presence of leptin seems to be necessary for the induction and maintenance of the pro-inflammatory Th1 immune response. These findings support the hypothesis that leptin plays a key role in linking nutritional state to the T cell function. According to this view, leptin might represent an important target for immune intervention in a variety of pathophysiological conditions.
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PMID:Leptin and the immune system: how nutritional status influences the immune response. 1070 94

Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition caused by loss of the paternal copy of a region of imprinted genes on chromosome 15. There is severe muscular hypotonia in the neonatal period, with the onset of hyperphagia and food-seeking behaviour in childhood. All individuals with PWS have developmental delay. Without careful control of food intake and the food environment, individuals with PWS become morbidly obese and are likely to die as young adults from the complications of obesity. The aims of growth hormone (GH) treatment in PWS are distinct from the use of GH in other conditions-although GH does increase final height in PWS, the main benefits of treatment are improved body composition and better exercise capacity, which can help with the aim of preventing obesity. GH trials in PWS have demonstrated improved muscle bulk, reduced fat mass and increased levels of physical activity. GH has also been demonstrated to improve attainment of developmental and cognitive milestones in children with PWS. GH treatment appears to change respiratory status in PWS, possibly because of growth of lymphoid tissue at the start of treatment. Respiratory assessment is recommended prior to, and just after starting GH treatment. Ideal age for starting GH is not clear, although there has been a trend towards starting at younger ages. It may be that GH treatment in childhood confers benefits into adult life. There are less data to support continuing GH treatment into adult life.
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PMID:What is the value of growth hormone therapy in Prader Willi syndrome? 2416 7