Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen newborn infants developed roentgenographic evidence of rickets while on long-term intravenous hyperalimentation. In each instance, the initial diagnosis of rickets was suggested on the chest roentgenogram, where characteristic cupped and frayed upper humeral metaphyses were noted; subsequent knee and wrist roentgenograms substantiated these findings. Factors which may have predisposed to the development of rickets include inadequate doses of vitamin D, prematurity and a rapid change in body weight during hyperalimentation therapy.
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PMID:Rickets as a complication of intravenous hyperalimentation in infants. 10 70

Prematurity in Indian births is modeled, based on the hypothesis that reduced protein and glucose and aminoacids and maternal anemia and preeclampsia lead to placental dysfunction which is also affected by metabolic disturbance and fetal circulation related to cellular growth and questions about genetics. There may be an ethnic propensity for early maturation of the fetus which affects the higher stillbirth rates and perinatal mortality. It was observed that among, for instance, black and Indian racial groups there may be meconium release and fetal distress. The significance is that physicians should increase antenatal surveillance before 40 weeks. Maternal nutrition should be advanced and hyperalimentation by cordocentesis. Other interventions such as glucose, oxygen, and aspirin administration are still very experimental. The evidence that velocity of growth is different and low birth weight is due to abnormal growth and shortened gestation is currently being researched among different ethnic groups. The discussion is concerned with reports of ethnic variation among Indian and Malay babies in Singapore and babies of French or African ancestry in France. In these studies findings were that the Indians and Malays in Singapore vs. the Chinese had higher mortality, and black African ancestry in mixed ancestry babies was related to higher infant mortality. Another study on neonatal mortality in India led to the recommendation that 2000 gm be established as the limit for defining low birth weight. In the 1501- 2000 gm birth weight groups, 30-45% are preterm, and the remainder are term or postterm. Low birth weight may transcend generations in India even with emigration. Experimental studies show that intrauterine weight is related to placental volume. Reduced growth and lower fetal insulin/glucose ratio with elevated fetal glycine/valine ratio was found to be related to reduced glucose supply among fetuses with fetal hypertriglyceridemia. Fat seems to be lacking among low birth weight fetuses. Studies of somatomedin and somatostatin in metabolism are helping to provide greater understanding of fetal growth processes.
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PMID:The prematurity paradox of the small Indian baby. 180 Mar 24

Plasma carnitine, carnitine esters, and triglyceride concentrations were determined in 36 appropriate-forgestational-age (AGA) infants at various stages of prematurity throughout hospitalization to determine the effect of a carnitine-free and carnitine-containing diet on plasma carnitine and triglyceride concentrations. The infants were entered into one of three experimental groups based on birth weight: group I less than 1.0 kg; group II 1.0-1.51 kg; and group III 1.52-2.5 kg. Throughout the study subjects were placed on appropriate nutritional regimes which included hyperalimentation (HA), intravenous (iv) fat emulsion (Intralipid), Portagen, Enfamil-24 Premature Formula, Enfamil-20, and breastmilk. Blood samples were drawn from each infant at birth, days 1-5,7 then weekly, also before and after each nutritional intervention to determine carnitine and triglyceride concentrations. Results showed that plasma total carnitine and nonesterified carnitine decreased in all groups when the infants were maintained on a carnitine-free diet (HA, Intralipid, Portagen). In general, the carnitine levels continued to decrease until a carnitine-containing diet was initiated. Once a carnitine-containing diet was begun, plasma total carnitine (TC) and nonesterified carnitine (NEC) levels increased at fairly similar rates in all groups. However, an inverse relationship between carnitine and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were not seen in these infants. This would indicate that most premature infants require exogenous carnitine to maintain the plasma concentration of carnitine. However, a decreased concentration of plasma carnitine was not correlated with an elevated TG level under the conditions of this study.
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PMID:Plasma carnitine alterations in premature infants receiving various nutritional regimes. 312 55

Candida albicans arthritis in the pediatric patient is rarely reported. In each instance, the patient has had one of the factors that predispose to fungal sepsis: broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, hyperalimentation, prematurity, abdominal surgery, corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy, malnutrition, maternal vaginal candidiasis, or lymphoproliferative disorders. To avoid the potentially fatal consequences of delayed treatment, early recognition of the disease is imperative. The patient usually refuses to use the affected joint and plain radiography shows a joint effusion with soft tissue swelling. Osteomyelitis develops in approximately half of the cases. Arthrocentesis with fungal cultures is the best method to make the diagnosis. Treatment is primarily chemotherapeutic and the drug of choice is the membrane inhibitor amphotericin B given intravenously. The antimetabolite 5-fluorocytosine is a second-line drug to be used if resistance develops. All cases before the present one involved the knee joint initially. The case presented involved the left hip and was successfully treated with intravenous amphotericin B.
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PMID:Pediatric Candida albicans arthritis: case report of hip involvement with a review of the literature. 714 47