Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During 1977, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute used 270,575 g of human serum albumin (HSA) at a patient cost of $1.1 million. For a 1-month period in early 1978, a survey of HSA usage was conducted in the 440-bed hospital. Patients who were started on albumin during the study period were included and monitored for the duration of their therapy. The largest groups of patients receiving albumin were those with gynecological tumors (30%) and gastrointestinal tumors (16%). Two-thirds of all patients receiving HSA were also receiving intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH); 80% of all HSA used was given to IVH patients. Although the IVH patients received a smaller daily dose of HSA, the average length of their therapy was about three times longer than that of the non-IVH patients. The mean total dose for the IVH patients was 344 g as compared to 180 g for non-IVH patients. For all patients, the mean total dose of HSA was 289 g at a patient cost of $1212. Of the patients, 66% had an initial serum albumin level determined before therapy was begun, 43% had a serum albumin level run at the termination of therapy, 16% had neither, and 28% had only one serum albumin level during their HSA therapy. Ninety percent of the patients had at least one period of 4 days or longer without a serum albumin level being obtained.
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PMID:Human serum albumin usage in a comprehensive cancer center. 1024 69

Few studies have tried to characterize the efficacy of parenteral support of critically ill infants during short period of intensive care. We studied seventeen infants during five days of total parenteral hyperalimentation. Subsequently, according to the clinical conditions, the patients received nutritional support by parenteral, enteral route or both up to the 10th day. Evaluations were performed on the 1st, 5th, and 10th days. These included: clinical data (food intake and anthropometric measurements), haematological data (lymphocyte count), biochemical tests (albumin, transferrin, fibronectin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein) and hormone assays (cortisol, insulin, glucagon). Anthropometric measurements revealed no significant difference between the first and second evaluations. Serum albumin and transferrin did not change significantly, but mean values of fibronectin (8.9 to 16 mg/dL), prealbumin (7.7 to 18 mg/dL), and retinol-binding protein (2.4 to 3. 7 mg/dL) increased significantly (p < 0.05) from the 1st to the 10th day. The hormonal study showed no difference for insulin, glucagon, and cortisol when the three evaluations were compared. The mean value of the glucose/insulin ratio was of 25.7 in the 1st day and 15. 5 in the 5th day, revealing a transitory supression of this hormone. Cortisol showed values above normal in the beginning of the study. We conclude that the anthropometric parameters were not useful due to the short time of the study; serum proteins, fibronectin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were very sensitive indicators of nutritional status, and an elevated glucose/insulin ratio, associated with a slight tendency for increased cortisol levels suggest hypercatabolic state. The critically ill patient can benefit from an early metabolic support.
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PMID:Nutritional follow-up of critically ill infants receiving short term parenteral nutrition. 1088 Oct 72

Measures for prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, a common nosocomial infection, in hospital settings are urgently needed. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors contributing to C. difficile-associated diarrhea and to evaluate the clinical benefit of probiotics in its prevention. The study included 2716 patients at least 20 years old who received an injected antibiotic at any time between February 2010 and February 2011; a total of 2687 patients (98.9%) were assigned to the non-C. difficile-associated diarrhea group, and 29 patients (1.1%) were assigned to the C. difficile-associated diarrhea group. Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups for the following factors: antibiotic therapy for > or = 8 days; enteral nutrition; intravenous hyperalimentation; fasting; proton pump inhibitor use; H2 blocker use; and serum albumin < or = 2.9g/dL (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups for several factors. Antibiotic therapy for > or = 8 days, intravenous hyperalimentation, proton pump inhibitor use, and H2 blocker use were therefore shown to be risk factors for C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Prophylactic probiotic therapy was not shown to suppress the occurrence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
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PMID:Risk factors for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and the effectiveness of prophylactic probiotic therapy. 2402 Jan 29


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