Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven plasma proteins were compared for each of three groups of 10 closely matched patients before and 15 days after rectal excision who were receiving an addition to oral diets the following parenteral solutions by central venous catheter: 1) no hyperalimentation, 2) hypertonic glucose plus amino acids, or 3) amino acids alone. Plasma transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were normal before surgery in all but seven patients. Postoperatively, concentrations were decreased, but were restored to normal after full hyperalimentation whereas they were significantly less and lower than normal in controls and patients receiving amino acids. Acute phase proteins were higher than normal before surgery and also 15 days later. Lower values in patients receiving hyperalimentation were mainly due to hydration compared with higher values in the other groups caused by the higher incidence of sepsis. It is concluded that full hyperalimentation after major surgery restores "visceral" proteins more rapidly than by infusion of amino acids alone and is associated with fewer clinical complications.
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PMID:Plasma proteins in patients receiving intravenous amino acids or intravenous hyperalimentation after major surgery. 8 26

This feasibility report is based on the fact that malnutrition has been recognized but too little understood in connection with surgical risk. Patients with cardiac cachexia are remarkably similar to many patients with cachexia of the aged. Cachectic patients generally go through an operation well, but their condition often deteriorates slowly and they die a few days later; they behave as if they are running out of energy reserves. Malnourished people can be divided into three categories: kwashiorkorlike, marasmic, and marasmic-kwashiorkorlike. Recognition and classification of protein/calorie malnutrition into these categories directs treatment. Recognition is based on the usual physical and laboratory tests, plus triceps skinfold/arm circumference observations; leukocyte counts, with absolute and relative lymphocyte counts; serial transferrin, globulin, and albumin assessments; and, particularly, Candida and mumps skin testing to identify the anergic state. Intravenous and oral hyperalimentation can bring about conspicuous improvement in the appearance, attitude, and ability to withstand stress--including major heart surgery--of malnourished patients. However, astute clinical balance is essential, since either oral or intravenous hyperalimentation may cause renal nitrogen overload; moreover, if intravenous delivery is too rapid, congestive heart failure may be precipitated.
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PMID:Malnutrition: a poorly understood surgical risk factor in aged cardiac patients. 40 3

By means of random sampling we selected 149 cases with over 30% TBSA burn (> 10% full-thickness) for evaluation of nutriment supplementation during treatment. We analysed daily caloric supply, nitrogen balance, amount of blood transfusion, Hb, A/G, transferrin, leukocyte, lymphocyte, IgG, Fn and body weight. The data support our impression that hyperalimentation can promote wound healing and raise the survival rate.
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PMID:[Evaluation of nutritional in 149 severely burned patients]. 130 50

Recipients of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for solid tumors need nutritional support to maintain their body weight (BW). Severe BW-reduction (9.9%) was noticed retrospectively in ten ABMT patients fed orally, despite intensive counseling or occasional tube feeding. A prospective, randomized study of hyperalimentation (25 g nitrogen (N) and 3400 nonprotein kilocalories) with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or partial parenteral plus enteral nutrition by tube feeding (PPN/EN) was done in 22 patients. Nutritional assessment included balance measurements of N, Na, K, Cl, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn, and serial measurements of BW, serum albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin. Both regimens were effective in maintaining BW (maximum percent of change, 2.5) and N-balance. Blood products accounted for an additional N-intake of 13% in both groups. The TPN group had a higher dietary N-intake versus PPN/EN, a positive K balance but negative Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn balances. More mineral supplementation was given in the PPN/EN group where positive K, Mg, and Zn balances were seen. Visceral proteins and IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were decreased on days 7, 14, and 21. Creatinine clearance increased significantly in both groups. Compared with TPN, the PPN/EN group showed a twofold number of patients with a positive blood culture, although this observation did not reach statistical significance and patients had fewer days of diarrhea (31.1% versus 54.3%, P less than 0.01). Hyperalimentation with PPN/EN is an acceptable alternative to TPN in the nutritional support of ABMT recipients.
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PMID:Hyperalimentation in autologous bone marrow transplantation for solid tumors. Comparison of total parenteral versus partial parenteral plus enteral nutrition. 250 64

We performed a controlled trial of peripheral hyperalimentation in moderate and severe alcoholic hepatitis to determine whether improvement in survival and liver function could be obtained. Twelve patients with moderate and 22 with severe alcoholic hepatitis were randomized to 28 days of peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) or standard therapy (ST). In the moderate group, six were treated with each therapy. In the severe group, 10 were treated with PPN and 12 with ST. Routine liver tests, hepatocyte function (galactose elimination capacity), estimated hepatic blood flow (galactose clearance) and assessment of ascites and encephalopathy were performed at randomization and at 28 days. Groups were equally matched at randomization. In the moderate group PPN produced no improvement in morbidity (liver tests) and mortality (no deaths). In the severe group there were seven deaths (4 PPN, 3 ST). PPN produced greater improvement than ST in serum bilirubin and transferrin concentrations and a trend toward greater improvement in prothrombin time, serum albumin and galactose elimination capacity. PPN had no deleterious effect on encephalopathy or ascites as only ST patients developed ascites or encephalopathy after randomization. We conclude that PPN compared to ST (1) provides no benefit in moderate alcoholic hepatitis, but (2) did more rapidly improve morbidity (liver tests) and probably liver function in severe alcoholic hepatitis; (3) PPN did not improve early mortality, and (4) it had no deleterious effect on encephalopathy or ascites.
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PMID:A randomized controlled study of peripheral parenteral nutrition in moderate and severe alcoholic hepatitis. 314 49

Periodic parenteral hyperalimentation, the interruption of feeding for a period of time each day, parallels the fasted vs fed state in the meal eater. The fasted state appears to be more physiologic and seems to be associated with an increase of visceral proteins. Intravenous hyperalimentation data that have been published seem to confirm this fact. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of continuous enteral hyperalimentation and interrupt enteral hyperalimentation on the visceral protein compartment. Two groups of 10 afebrile matched control patients (group 1) were on continuous enteral hyperalimentation for 19 +/- 6 days with no improvement in serum albumin or serum transferrin levels. No changes were made in the feeding schedules of 10 of the patients. Feeding schedules of the other 10 patients were changed to an 8-hr interrupt enteral hyperalimentation with calories, protein, and volume being provided remaining the same. Repeat serum albumin and transferrin levels were obtained after 10 days. There was a significant increase in albumin and transferrin levels (p less than 0.005) in those patients changed to an interrupt feeding schedule.
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PMID:Visceral protein increase associated with interrupt versus continuous enteral hyperalimentation. 392 24

Plasma fibronectin has been suggested as a possible marker for nutritional repletion or depletion. This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of plasma fibronectin in patients who received intense nutritional support. Twenty-seven patients referred to our Nutritional Support Services were followed for 3 to 5 wk; 22 received parenteral hyperalimentation alone, two received enteral alone, and three received a combination of both. Plasma fibronectin, serum albumin, serum transferrin, total lymphocyte counts, and 24-hr urine nitrogen balance studies were performed weekly; anthropometric measurements were performed every other week. Plasma fibronectin concentration, measured by laser nephelometry, showed a significant rise (p less than 0.005) in all patients after 1 wk of nutritional therapy; however, there was no significant difference among the subsequent weeks. Plasma fibronectin did not correlate with nitrogen balance studies, serum albumin, or total lymphocyte counts. A correlation between serum transferrin and plasma fibronectin was found not to be clinically useful. Thus, plasma fibronectin is sensitive to nutritional repletion after 1 wk of therapy, but is not useful thereafter. The relationship among nutritional status, immunologic function, plasma fibronectin, and other serum proteins are discussed.
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PMID:The clinical evaluation of plasma fibronectin as a marker for nutritional depletion and repletion and as a measure of nitrogen balance. 393 5

In this controlled trial we have studied the effect of anabolic steroid on ill surgical patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. Body composition, plasma proteins, and amino acids were compared in each of two groups of 12 patients before and after 14 days of intravenous feeding. The patients in one group were given 100 mg of nandrolone decanoate at the commencement of study and again one week later. Body weight, muscle (AMC), plasma transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were increased comparably in both groups. An apparent gain in total body nitrogen was not significant. However, anabolic steroid caused greater gain of water requiring a more liberal use of diuretics, but prevented the gains of fat, triglyceride and insulin that occurred in the control group. Most plasma amino acids increased due to intravenous hyperalimentation but decreased in patients given anabolic steroid. It is concluded that in patients who may be in the catabolic phase of recovery anabolic steroid probably enhances amino acid and water uptake by tissues and increases the utilization of fat but, does not promote any greater increase in "visceral" proteins than during intravenous hyperalimentation alone.
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PMID:Effects of an anabolic steroid on plasma amino acids, proteins, and body composition in patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. 640 71

The value of immediate postoperative enteral hyperalimentation with an elemental diet (high nitrogen Vivonex, full strength) at 125 cc per hour for 4 days was assessed in patients after radical urological surgery. Of 32 patients studied 21 received an elemental diet using a Vivonex Moss tube, which is a 3-lumen tube with esophagogastric decompression and simultaneous duodenal feeding, and the remaining 11 had a nasogastric tube only without nutritional support. We have used a selected group of parameters, including serum albumin, serum transferrin, creatinine height index, weight loss, total lymphocyte count, nitrogen balance and plasma fibronectin. All patients in the Moss tube group approached or achieved positive nitrogen balance by 4 days postoperatively, whereas the nasogastric tube group remained in negative nitrogen balance. Postoperative paralytic ileus was prevented in the majority of patients in the Moss tube group while receiving full nutritional support. We have found that the use of the Moss tube is a reasonable approach for postoperative alimentation. The tube is relatively easy to insert and well tolerated, and its use is a less expensive alternative to parenteral hyperalimentation.
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PMID:Immediate postoperative feeding in urological surgery. 642 79

Changes in erythrocyte polyamine levels during intravenous hyperalimentation in cancer and noncancer patients were determined, and the influence of host nutritional status on polyamine metabolism was analyzed. RBC putrescine (P less than .001), spermidine (P less than .01), and spermine (P less than .005) levels, and the putrescine-spermidine ratio (P less than .001) increased in the cancer group while no significant increases were noted in the noncancer group. The degree of malnutrition, based on body weight loss and plasma albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein levels, was significantly greater in the cancer group than in the noncancer group, giving rise to the possibility that repletion of nutritional deficits in host tissues could have contributed to the rise in RBC polyamines. When cancer patients of similar nutritional status were matched with the noncancer group, increases in RBC putrescine level and putrescine-spermidine ratio were noted in the selected cancer patients. These results suggest that correction of nutritional deficits did not contribute significantly to the RBC polyamine pool and that increases in RBC polyamines during intravenous hyperalimentation were related to the presence of tumor.
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PMID:Nutritional parameters affecting erythrocyte polyamine levels in cancer patients. 643 45


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