Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 216 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing 406 major operations, surgery was elective in 143 cases (mortality, 1.4%) and nonelective in 263 (mortality, 11.1%). Of 82 patients who received 105 pretransplant operations to prevent posttransplant complications, eg, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, urinary tract sepsis, and azathioprine intolerance, surgical mortality was 1.9%, with 80 patients becoming active candidates for transplantation. Sepsis requiring surgical care occurred in 54 patients, in 36 of these in the posttransplant period. Parenteral and enteral hyperalimentation was used as a therapeutic adjunct in 40 of these patients. Overall mortality in those with septic complications was 35.2%, 22.5% in the nutritional support group and 71.4% in the group not receiving hyperalimentation. Improved survival rates can be achieved for surgical emergencies in ESRD, particularly in the posttransplant immunosuppressed patient, if both definitive surgical intervention and nutritional support are actively applied.
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PMID:Surgery, nutritional support, and survival in patients with end-stage renal disease. 678 59

Over 1,500 patients at our institution have received intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) as nutritional support for nutritional rehabilitation prior to and/or during oncologic therapy. Stimulation of tumor growth has not been identified, and septic and metabolic complications of this technique have been minimal. Nutritional repletion resulted in return of immunocompetence and was associated with a reduction in sepsis, proper wound healing, and an apparent increase in tumor response to chemotherapy. If these observations were related as cause and effect, then a method of restoring and maintaining adequate nutrition should be added to the armamentarium of the oncologist. The use of IVh allowed specific oncologic therapy to be administered to a group of malnourished patients who otherwise might not have been acceptable candidates for intensive antineoplastic therapy.
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PMID:Nutrition and cancer. 678 9

Liver blood flow and exchange of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and amino acids were measured in pigs at the same time as the peripheral arteriovenous (A-V) difference of these substances was determined. Four groups of animals were studied; they were normal postabsorptive, septic fasted, and septic infused either with complete parenteral nutrition (4.25% mixed amino acid solution with 25% glucose) or an isocaloric solution of 1.8% leucine with glucose. Sepsis in the pig caused a rise in arterial concentration of all essential amino acids except tryptophan and a decrease of most of the others. The liver uptake of the sum of all amino acids rose from nonsignificant values to 26.03 mumol/min/kg at the same time as the peripheral A-V difference changed from +20.4 to -678.0 mumol/l. Hyperalimentation increased arterial amino acid concentration, whereas peripheral A-V difference decreased to -132.3 mumol/l. The total liver uptake of amino acids was 24.80 mumol/min/kg but with a higher proportion of essential amino acids than in the fasted septic state suggesting increased liver protein synthesis. When leucine and glucose were infused the peripheral A-V difference of the sum of all amino acids was only -45.6 mumol/l indicating an almost complete cessation of muscle proteolysis. The arterial plasma concentration of all amino acids except leucine, glutamine, and glutamate were markedly reduced. Although hepatic clearance rate of amino acids fell only slightly, due to the low plasma concentrations, the liver uptake decreased substantially to 7.37 mumol/min/kg suggesting a decreased liver protein synthesis which could be deleterious in the presence of sepsis.
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PMID:The effects of hyperalimentation and infused leucine on the amino acid metabolism in sepsis: an experimental study in vivo. 678 84

Catheter sepsis remains a persistent, though infrequent, complication of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Those select patients requiring home hyperalimentation delivered through Silastic catheters are subject to this serious problem. Reported in this article is a case of Enterococcus endocarditis of the tricuspid valve in a patient receiving home IVH; the endocarditis was recognized early using two-dimensional echocardiography and was treated successfully with catheter removal and IV antibiotic administration. Ideal conditions exist for the formation of endocarditis in the setting of catheter sepsis with parenteral nutrition. Routine echocardiography is indicated when catheter sepsis is documented, since early diagnosis and treatment may reduce invasive cardiac tissue infection and permanent injury. The right atrial catheter generates reflections during echocardiography that require special attention for accurate interpretation.
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PMID:Endocarditis complicating home hyperalimentation. 678 99

An infant, born with multiple anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, required intravenous hyperalimentation for virtually his entire life. His course was characterized by multiple episodes of sepsis or phlebitis, culminating in death five and one-half months after birth. The brain and spinal cord at necropsy were normal on gross inspection. However, microscopic study showed inflammation of the dura surrounding the spinal cord with sparing of the spinal and cerebral subarachnoid spaces.
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PMID:Primary epiduritis. 679 49

A retrospective study of standard hyperalimentation catheter dressing compared to the use of Op Site has demonstrated that Op Site is cost and time effective and is efficacious for attaining a low catheter sepsis rate. It is easy for nursing personnel to apply and comfortable for the patients to wear. Op Site may be contraindicated in diaphoretic patients.
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PMID:Use of op site as an occlusive dressing for total parenteral nutrition catheters. 680 75

The increasing awareness among surgeons of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis has led to new and innovative procedures to save the spleen. In pancreatic transection injuries (Type II)26 the classical treatment has been distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The opportunity to treat several patients with pancreatic transections sustained during blunt abdominal trauma lead to the review of the literature on the subject. Particular attention was paid to treatment of these injuries during distal pancreatectomy with splenic salvage, appropriate drainage, and hyperalimentation. Associated complications were likewise investigated and reviewed.
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PMID:Blunt transection of the pancrease treated by distal pancreatectomy, splenic salvage and hyperalimentation. Four cases and review of the literature. 681 55

Nursing care of the burned child requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of burn injury, the response of children to burn trauma, the impact of injury on the child and his or her parents, and the child's developmental needs, among others. Immediately following injury, burn shock represents a life-threatening problem. Treatment involves administration of Ringer's lactated solution for the first 24 hours, followed by plasma. Measures to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues are important nursing interventions. Airway damage may also be present and requires prompt assessment and treatment. Sepsis is the major cause of death and morbidity among burn victims. Immaculate care of the burn wound, monitoring for sepsis, and strict infection control procedures are essential. Interrelated with sepsis prevention and wound healing is adequate nutritional management. Diet, enteral hyperalimentation, and parenteral nutritional therapy may be required to meet the child's extraordinary nutritional requirements.
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PMID:Critical care of the child with burns. 703 99

Thirteen episodes of Staphylococcus epidermidis sepsis occurred over a 20-month period in 11 patients receiving general surgical and medical care. These episodes were characterized by fever, toxicity, multiple positive blood cultures, and uniformly colonized intravascular catheters. An additional 16 patients had possible sepsis. Four associated deaths occurred; all three patients autopsied had multiple pulmonary abscesses in which gram-positive cocci were profusely present. In individual patients, prolonged episodes of septicemia were confirmed by multiple blood culture isolates of S. epidermidis, identical in antibiotic resistance pattern, phage type, and biotype. A prominent feature of the S. epidermidis isolates was resistance to many commonly used antimicrobial agents. Case-control studies and review of laboratory records indicated a significant association between multiply resistant S. epidermidis blood isolates and prolonged hospitalization and parenteral hyperalimentation. Most of these patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit; nose and hand cultures taken from the personnel showed frequent carriage of multiply resistant S. epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with intravascular devices may produce life-threatening bloodstream infections.
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PMID:Nosocomial septicemia due to multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. 705 81

A 6 1/2 month old male infant presented a week after his birth with secretory diarrhea of unknown etiology. He was sustained by central hyperalimentation for the rest of his life, and treated for presumed sepsis with a wide variety of antibiotics. The brain showed vacuolation in the diencephalic nuclei and white matter of the brain stem. There were also many clusters of enlarged Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer. In Golgi preparations the primary and secondary dendrites showed segmental swellings and absent tertiary branchlets. The swellings were due to remarkable accumulations of mitochondria. The pathogenesis of the dendritic changes is discussed, and 'dying back' phenomenon is proposed to explain the changes.
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PMID:'Dystrophic' Purkinje cell dendrites in an infant. 712 43


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