Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report concerns 60 infants and children with short bowel syndrome, most commonly caused by necrotizing enterocolitis in this study. Resection of atretic or gangrenous bowel was performed in 53 patients, tapering enteroplasty and primary anastomosis was performed in 13 patients, and temporary enterostomies were performed in 40 patients. Second-look laparotomy was useful in two of four cases of questionable bowel viability. The ileocecal valve was resected in 33 patients and remained intact in 27. The mean length of remaining bowel was 58.4 cm (range 13 to 150 cm). Seven patients with total aganglionosis and mid to proximal small bowel extension were managed with an initial enterostomy, whereas three had a pull-through procedure with an aganglionic patch enteroplasty. All patients received total parenteral nutrition and early enteral feedings. Home hyperalimentation was attempted when 50 percent of the calorie intake was enteral. Intestinal adaptation required from 3 to 14 months. Frequent setbacks were related to catheter sepsis, rotavirus infection, carbohydrate intolerance, and liver dysfunction. The overall survival rate was 85 percent, with mortality due to liver failure and sepsis associated with total parenteral nutrition.
 ...
PMID:Short bowel syndrome in infancy and childhood. Analysis of survival in 60 patients. 308 Sep 21

A patient with Crohn's disease who required placement of a right external jugular vein central catheter for total hyperalimentation is presented. Catheter-induced thrombosis and catheter-associated bacteremia and sepsis subsequently developed. Following the description of the case is a brief discussion of the complications inherent in central line placement, the mechanisms by which thrombosis and sepsis occur, and the measures that can be taken to decrease the incidence of thrombosis and sepsis in central line placement. The management of central venous thrombosis and sepsis is medical and not surgical in nature, and consists of catheter removal, antibiotics, and anticoagulation.
 ...
PMID:Unusual case of central vein thrombosis and sepsis. 309 Aug 81

This study examined the feasibility of maintaining male Hartley guinea pigs on long-term hyperalimentation. Data from animals fed ad libitum, but infused with 0.9% saline, indicated that there was minimal effect from catheter implantation, sepsis, or the infusion of large volumes of fluid. This group compared with animals fed and watered ad libitum demonstrated a nearly identical growth rate (6.33 +/- 1.18 and 6.12 +/- 1.32 g/day, respectively), serum chemistry, tissue weights, and hepatic composition and morphology. Animals infused with a total parenteral diet demonstrated growth rates of 4.06 +/- 1.46 g/day for up to 25 days. Loss of infused animals was due in varying degrees to sepsis, mechanical failure, improper placement of the cannula, loss of patency, and death from unknown causes. Morphological analysis of animals fed by total parenteral nutrition revealed an altered distribution and increased size of lipid droplets in hepatic parenchymal and Kupffer cells and glycogen accumulation by the parenchymal cells. Decreased hepatic content of total protein and lipid, as well as cytochrome P450, was also observed. Similarly, serum values of triglyceride were decreased in animals fed by the total parenteral diet. This study indicated that the guinea pig fed by hyperalimentation may be a useful animal model for a number of clinical and basic research applications.
 ...
PMID:Growth and hepatic composition in the guinea pig after long-term parenteral hyperalimentation. 309 Aug 99

Until recently, Malassezia furfur was thought to be a pathogen only in tinea versicolor. More recently, this lipophilic yeast has been recovered from sick neonates with catheter-related infections. Malassezia fungemia was studied in seven patients, and the salient features of this infection in patients described in the literature were reviewed. Major risk factors include prolonged hospitalization, the presence of central venous catheters, and the use of intravenous fat emulsions. It is difficult to identify specific manifestations of fungemia in these complex cases occurring in patients with severe underlying disease; however, neonates often present with the signs and symptoms of sepsis and thrombocytopenia, whereas fever may be the only manifestation in adults. Some patients are asymptomatic. When symptoms are present, they resolve upon removal of the colonized catheter. The role of the lipophilic nature of Malassezia in the pathogenesis of infection is apparent from the ability of intravenous fat emulsions to support the growth of the fungus in vitro. A special solid medium that can be used to determine the true prevalence of malassezia fungemia has been devised. M. furfur must be considered in the differential diagnosis of opportunistic infections in patients receiving central hyperalimentation and should be sought by the culture of blood on appropriate medium.
 ...
PMID:Malassezia fungemia in neonates and adults: complication of hyperalimentation. 312 78

This study examined the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) enriched with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on metabolite levels of carbohydrate and protein metabolism in septic rats. Results also were obtained for standard amino acid hyperalimentation (conventional TPN). Septic peritonitis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture. Two different experimental models were tested. In one, the two kinds of TPN were administered to the operated rats during the progress of sepsis (the septic phase). In the other, TPN was started immediately after surgical removal of the focal cecum (the recovery phase). The conventional and BCAA-enriched TPN solutions were isocaloric and isonitrogenous except that the percentage of BCAAs in the total amino acids by weight was 35.8% in BCAA-enriched TPN and 20.9% in conventional TPN. On the fifth postoperative day, TPN was discontinued, the animals were killed, and samples of arterial blood, liver, and rectus abdominis muscle were taken. BCAA-enriched TPN had a significant effect on nitrogen balance and survival rate in the septic phase model, and on muscle adenine nucleotide content in both models. Other metabolites showed similar changes in the two TPN groups. These results indicate that BCAA supplement in TPN improves nitrogen balance and peripheral cellular energy status and is thus clinically beneficial in preventive therapy for increased catabolism.
 ...
PMID:Effect of total parenteral nutrition enriched in branched-chain amino acids on metabolite levels in septic rats. 313 10

Multiple recent reports have suggested that Candida wound infection and sepsis are major complications of severe burn injury. Our current burn treatment plans include aggressive early burn excision and grafting, avoidance of invasive monitoring and central hyperalimentation lines, enteral nystatin, and judicious use of antibiotics. A retrospective review of 168 severely burned patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the University of Washington Burn Center, Seattle, during the 18-month period from June 1984 through December 1985 was undertaken. Thirteen percent of these patients had one or more cultures positive for Candida from any site. Three patients (1.8%) developed Candida sepsis, which was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs of sepsis, a positive blood culture for Candida, and at least two additional culture sites positive for Candida. All three patients were treated with amphotericin B. One of these patients died of Candida sepsis, for an overall mortality of 0.6%. Therefore, Candida septicemia was not a major cause of morbidity or mortality in our burn patients in the Intensive Care Unit during this 18-month period under the current management regimen.
 ...
PMID:Candida. A decreasing problem for the burned patient? 334 4

Plasma selenium levels were determined at various intervals during hospitalization of 71 patients with upper gastrointestinal and other malignancies. These patients often require frequent nutritional as well as surgical or medical intervention. Attempts were made to identify, evaluate, and compensate for numerous confounding variables at each of the 374 plasma selenium determinations. Selenium levels in stable patients who were neither receiving aggressive antineoplastic therapy, nor septic, nor taking corticosteroids and who had no clinically significant metabolic imbalance were then separately analyzed. In 55 stable patients selenium levels were 28% lower than those found in 20 normal controls (mean 61.8 micrograms/L, P less than 0.0005). An analysis of all the readings showed that selenium levels were substantially decreased by recent radiotherapy or sepsis, by regional tumor spread and increased tumor burden, and by intravenous and/or enteral hyperalimentation and intravenous lipids. In contrast to these findings, levels were relatively higher in patients with an adequate oral diet or with a lesser tumor burden. The comparison between selenium levels in stable and in aggressively treated or septic patients supports the importance of the relationship of nutrition to selenium levels in cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:Plasma selenium levels in patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer. 344 Feb 35

Thirty cases of Candida sepsis occurring at Howard University Hospital between January 1983 and December 1985 were studied. A retrospective analysis was done to determine which risk factors or methods of treatment led to higher morbidity and mortality. Nosocomial infections with fungi are becoming more widespread as patients survive illnesses once deemed terminal. Patients had positive blood cultures for Candida accompanied by signs of systemic sepsis. Risk factors included diabetes, central hyperalimentation, malignancy, intraabdominal abscesses, and fistulae. The correlation between the total dose of amphotericin administered and patient recovery was analyzed.
 ...
PMID:Candida sepsis. 358 39

Intravenous hyperalimentation has improved the survival of premature infants. However, long-term placement of intravenous catheters may result in the development of catheter-related sepsis. Fibronectin in plasma contains binding sites for staphylococcal species as well as marked affinity for inert plastics and therefore may provide a substrate for bacterial adherence to indwelling catheters. We determined the adherence of labeled [( 3H]leucine) coagulase-positive (CPS) and coagulase-negative (CNS) staphylococci to untreated and fibronectin-coated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and heparin-bonded polyurethane (HBP) catheter segments and quantitated the binding of 14C-labeled, purified fibronectin to these catheters. PVC catheter segments bound significantly more CNS than CPS (P less than 0.05), while HBP catheters bound more CPS than CNS (P less than 0.05). Fibronectin significantly increased the adherence of CPS to PVC catheters (P less than 0.05) and CNS to HBP catheters (P less than 0.05). PVC catheters bound more fibronectin (P less than 0.0001) than did HBP catheters. Catheter composition may influence the spectrum of nosocomial pathogens to which infants are susceptible through different bacterial adherences and interactions with adhesive proteins.
 ...
PMID:Staphylococcal adherence to polyvinyl chloride and heparin-bonded polyurethane catheters is species dependent and enhanced by fibronectin. 359 51

Twenty-eight consecutive patients with infected pancreatic necrosis were managed by extensive unroofing of the superior retroperitoneum, blunt pancreatic sequestrectomy, laparotomy pad packing of the lesser sac over a layer of Adaptic gauze, and scheduled re-explorations at intervals of 2-3 days (open drainage). Wounds were permitted to heal by secondary intention. All patients were maintained on intravenous hyperalimentation. Three of the 28 patients died (11%); none died of sepsis. Procedure-specific complications included: pancreatic fistula (10 patients), incisional hernia (8 patients), persistent functional gastric outlet obstruction (2 patients), retroperitoneal venous hemorrhage (2 patients), and intestinal fistula (1 patient). Limited initial experience with dynamic pancreatography and serial monitoring of acute phase reactants as indicators of pancreatic necrosis is promising. Compared with historic controls, open drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis represents a significant advance over more conventional surgical approaches. Controlled studies and more widespread experience are necessary for further evaluation of this procedure.
 ...
PMID:Management of infected pancreatic necrosis by open drainage. 366 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>