Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An alteration in the serum elastase 1 level in a previously non-diabetic patient, who unfortunately developed the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS), was observed after intravenous hyperalimentation for 6 days. The patient underwent the therapy because of the occurrence of severe persistent anorexia which appeared as a side effect of treatment of lung cancer with combined anticancer drugs. In parallel with progressive dehydration, levels of serum elastase 1 and urine glucose became greatly elevated at an earlier stage of HHNS. A slight increase in serum alpha 1-antitrypsin was observed. However, there were no significant changes in serum amylase activity and serum alpha 2-macroglobulin level before or during HHNS. The elevation of the serum elastase 1 level was considered to be due to serum electrolyte abnormalities and the defect of serum alpha 2-macro-globulin elevation. Rehydration therapy with half-normal saline solution immediately produced negative urine glucose, but the serum elastase 1 level only gradually normalized after improvement of HHNS.
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PMID:Significance of increased serum elastase 1 level during the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome. 244 40

An investigation has been made with regard to the clinical picture of 87 terminally ill patients with lung cancer. It has yielded the following points. 1) Seven patients had been informed of their diagnosis. 2) Intravenous hyperalimentation was administered in 78 cases (90%), oxygen therapy in 68 cases (78%), and morphine in 35 cases (40%). 3) The most frequent cause of death in these patients was respiratory failure, due to progress of cancer, then infection, pleural, or pericardial effusion, or interstitial pneumonitis. 4) Psychic disturbances involved anxiety over breathing, depression, and delirium. In only 12% of the patients did the mental condition seem normal until death. 5) To deal with the dying patient's needs, it is necessary to establish proper treatment for the control of sensory dyspnea and for psychosocial support by a psychiatrist and other professionals for members of the family.
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PMID:[The clinical picture of terminally ill patients with lung cancer]. 250 34

One hundred nineteen patients were entered onto a randomized trial of the role of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) in patients with small-cell lung cancer. IVH was given during the first 30 days of induction chemotherapy to 54 patients. IVH did not effect any improvement in response or survival from therapy. In view of the lack of benefits from IVH, an analysis was made of the toxicities suffered by the 54 patients receiving IVH as well as any effects IVH might have made on chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Toxicities observed included mechanical difficulties with the catheter leading to temporary or permanent discontinuation of the IVH (11 patients), subclavian vein thrombosis (one patient), sepsis in nine patients v none of the 62 control patients, fluid overload (27 patients), hyponatremia (25 patients), and hyperglycemia requiring insulin (13 patients). Patients receiving IVH had higher granulocyte counts on days 14 and 21 of the first cycle of chemotherapy. Analysis shows that this difference is likely caused by fever and infection associated with IVH rather than any nutritional effect on granulopoiesis. In this population of patients, IVH had significant complications but did not ameliorate chemotherapy-induced toxicity and it did not effect any clinical benefit. Future studies of adjunctive nutritional therapy must consider the significant risk in this older population and must limit IVH volume or exclude patients with even mild compromise in cardiovascular functions. Further, any new trial must have a significant rationale for adjunctive use to justify the potential risks.
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PMID:Effects of intravenous hyperalimentation during treatment in patients with small-cell lung cancer. 299 75

We studied a patient with lung cancer, who exhibited severe systemic derangements of metabolism causing cachexia preceding the appearance of a large bulky tumor. The data described herein left no doubt that lung cancer growing in the patient acted as a powerful hypoglycemic factor, setting in motion widespread metabolic disorders. Inappropriate secretion of insulin may be involved in the manifestation of hypoglycemia. However, no ectopic secretion of insulin, glucagon, ACTH and aldosterone appeared to be associated with the carcinoma in the patient. From the present and previous observations, it is stressed that progressive energy loss from the patient occurs by virtue of a combination of severe anorexia and the establishment of a systemic energy-losing cycle dependent on an interplay of glycolysis in the cancer cells and stimulated gluconeogenesis in the host tissues, which in turn results in derangements of protein, lipid and electrolyte metabolism. Attempts to ameliorate the patient's distress and counterbalance the effect of the tumor by parenteral hyperalimentation were not satisfactory and resulted in only a temporary improvement. This study also demonstrated that marked granulocytosis was the result of production of an excess granulopoietic colony stimulating activity by the cancer cells.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia, hypopotassemia and hyperleukocytosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 697 22

We examined the clinical features and significance of pathogenic microbes isolated from sputum and blood of patients with lung cancer during anti-cancer therapy. Pathogenic bacteria were more likely to be isolated from patients with episodes of fever than from afebrile patients. The major species of bacteria isolated from sputum were Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, and Gram-negative bacilli, which are known to be frequently involved in hospital-acquired infections. The presence of an indwelling central venous catheter for intravenous hyperalimentation was an important risk factor for the development of a febrile episode, which indicates that bacteremia was a major cause of fever. In one quarter of the blood cultures from the patients with persistent fever, various species of pathogenic microbes were recovered, one-third of which were fungi. Bacteriological examinations done before and after the introduction of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) revealed that strains of Klebsiella spp. decreased and those of methicillin-resistant S. aureus increased. There was no firm evidence that G-CSF decreased the incidence of episodes of fever. However, remains G-CSF may a allow the dose intensity of anti-cancer agents to be increased, which would lead to severe leukocytopenia. However, more detailed investigation is needed to clarify the role of G-CSF against bacterial infection during anti-cancer therapy.
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PMID:[Microorganisms cultured from sputum and blood in association with episodes of fever during anti-cancer therapy in patients with lung cancer]. 854 76

We experience a case of esophagopleural fistula successfully cured by conservative therapy after the lung cancer operation. A 46-year-old man was received middle and lower lobectomy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right lung. Complication of empyema associated with an esophagopleural fistula occurred on postoperative 4th day. Conservative therapy of nothing by mouth, intravenous hyperalimentation and antibiotics was started. Three thoracic drains were inserted and the thoracic irrigation of total 3,000 ml warm saline per day twice on one day was continued. The esophagopleural fistula was closed on 6th week and the patient was discharged on 11th week after the therapy start. This complication is much rare, but recent advance in the diagnostic methods seemed to increase the indication of conservative therapy in future.
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PMID:[A case of esophagopleural fistula successfully cured by conservative therapy after middle and lower lobectomy of right lung]. 940 15

Postoperative bronchial stump failure is a life-threatening complication, and several surgical approaches and procedures have been developed to close the stump. In this report, we describe a case of left mainstem bronchial stump diastasis after pneumonectomy for lung cancer, in which the bronchial stump was re-closed using a contralateral approach with video-assisted thoracic surgery, with good success. The left main bronchus was closed with an automatic stapler device, but the stump reopened and left pyothorax developed postoperatively. Emergent intratracheal intubation and ventilation was required due to rapid progression of right pyothorax. Under strict nutritional management by IV hyperalimentation, administration of antibiotics to which the organisms were sensitive, and drainage, the patient recovered from pneumonia. However, thoracic air leak increased daily, and reoperation for bronchial diastasis was performed. Using this approach, the left main bronchus near the carina was easily exposed extrapleurally, with only the azygos vein being incised. Video-assisted contralateral treatment was effective in avoiding sternal osteomyelitis due to a transpericardial approach via median sternotomy in the case of mainstem bronchial stump failure, only after left pneumonectomy.
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PMID:Video-assisted contralateral treatment for bronchial stump diastasis after left pneumonectomy. 1071 20

Data from both rodent models and humans suggest that intact neuronal melanocortin signaling is essential to prevent obesity, as mutations that decrease the melanocortin signal within the brain induce hyperphagia and excess body fat accumulation. Melanocortins are also involved in the pathogenesis of disorders at the opposite end of the spectrum of energy homeostasis, the anorexia and weight loss associated with inflammatory and neoplastic disease processes. Studies using melanocortin antagonists (SHU9119 or agouti-related peptide) or genetic approaches (melanocortin-4 receptor null mice) suggest that intact melanocortin tone is required for anorexia and weight loss induced by injected lipopolysaccharide (an inflammatory gram-negative bacterial cell wall product) or by implantation of prostate or lung cancer cells. Although the precise mechanism whereby peripheral inflammatory/neoplastic factors activate the melanocortin system remains unknown, the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) that are produced in the hypothalamus of rodents during both inflammatory and neoplastic disease processes likely play a role. The data presented in this paper summarize findings that implicate neuronal melanocortin signaling in inflammatory anorexia.
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PMID:Melanocortin signaling and anorexia in chronic disease states. 1285 26

A 70-year-old man with T1N3M1 stage IV squamous cell carcinoma in the right upper lobe of the lung developed chylothorax and chylopericardium as rare simultaneous complications. Intravenous hyperalimentation, repeated pleurodesis, and ligation of the thoracic duct were all ineffective. A pleuroperitoneal shunt was inserted into the right pleural cavity from the fifth intercostal space, and a peritoneal catheter was placed in the abdominal cavity. Chylothorax was markedly improved, and the quality of life of the patient increased. This case indicates that a pleuroperitoneal shunt can be used for lung cancer-related chylothorax, as well as for malignant pleural effusion.
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PMID:Pleuroperitoneal shunt for chylothorax and chylopericardium in lung cancer: a case report. 2158 32