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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dopamine, an ancestral catecholamine, is physiologically natriuretic and vasodilating, thus essentially protecting against hypertension. Its actions are overshadowed by the opposite effects of its main biological partner, norepinephrine, and this is accentuated with aging. Clinical observations combined with molecular biology approaches to catecholamine-synthesizing and catecholamine-metabolizing enzymes and receptors permit the identification of some inborn defects. Subtle changes in the dopamine-norepinephrine balance may account for the enhanced peripheral noradrenergic activity seen in the setting of decreased dopaminergic activity in advanced age. These changes may contribute to the diminished ability of the aged kidney to excrete a salt load, as well as to the finding that systolic blood pressure increases with age in populations with a high, but not in those with a low, intake of salt. The attainment of advanced age in Western societies with adverse lifestyle changes (mental rather than physical stress, excess salt intake, overeating, sedentarism) appears to facilitate the development of hypertension. The adaptation to all the preceding lifestyle changes necessitates an increased dopamine generation, which may initially compensate to maintain appropriate natriuresis and vasodilation since many patients with initial borderline essential hypertension express their sympathetic hyperfunction, in addition to increased norepinephrine release, by excessive dopamine release. However, the progression of hypertension is accompanied by a peripheral dopaminergic deficiency and diminished ability to excrete salt. This may represent an eventual inadequacy of a phylogenetically redundant system resulting in decreased natriuresis and vasodilation and may account for the responsiveness of established chronic hypertension to salt restriction, diuretics, and dopaminomimetic medication.
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PMID:Peripheral dopamine in pathophysiology of hypertension. Interaction with aging and lifestyle. 168 57

Twenty-four hour energy expenditure (24EE) can be measured in a respiratory chamber. 24EE is comprised of the basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, and the energy cost of physical activity. The major determinant of 24EE, fat-free mass, accounts for approximately 80% of the variance observed between individuals. Genetic factors seem to be the cause of the familial aggregation of 24EE in man. The variability of 24EE for a given body size and composition is of importance because a low metabolic rate is a major risk factor for weight gain in man. There is increasing evidence that obesity, often an inherited disorder, cannot always be attributed to gluttony and sloth. Similar to the need to treat essential hypertension, there is a need to treat a disorder perhaps best called essential obesity.
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PMID:A brief overview of human energy metabolism and its relationship to essential obesity. 172 37

A study was made of the main signs of food motivation in 132 patients with stages I-III essential hypertension on the basis of analysis of a special questionnaire: the patients were interviewed in hospital and after discharge (a total of 40-46 days) to reveal the effect of raised arterial pressure on food behavioral reactions. Clinical signs of a hypertensive crisis were noted in 87 patients, in 45 patients raised arterial pressure was not accompanied by a crisis. In 82% of the cases hypertensive reactions produced a marked effect on the manifestations of food motivation. Anorectic reactions prevailed in the first 3-6 days in 98 of 109 patients (80.7%). These reactions were pronounced and prolonged in the patients with normal body mass. During the second week hyperphagic reactions prevailed in 68% of the cases, their frequency, expression and period were greater in the patients with concomitant obesity. The revealed time course of food behavioral reactions reflected the phase of food motivation in patients with arterial hypertension: hypertensive anorexia followed by post-hypertensive hyperphagia for 2-3 weeks.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of changes in alimentary motivation and arterial pressure in patients with essential hypertension]. 382 98