Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metabolic studies were performed on 19 patients with acute renal failure. Therapy included intravenous hyperalimentation using 15 to 20 g of essential amino acids or 20 to 40 g of essential plus nonessential amino acids and hypertonic glucose (37 to 50%). The effect of this parenteral feeding appears to be primarily pharmacological. Hypertonic glucose promotes the hyperinsulinemia important to be membrane function, the operation of the sodium pump, and cell metabolism. Administration of high biological value crystalline amino acdis potentiates the effect of insulin by inhibiting protein breakdown and promoting protein synthesis, particularly in muscle. This reduces tissue catabolism and urea formation, and promotes potassium, magnesium, and phosphate homeostasis. The branched-chain ketogenic amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine may be of particular importance. When indicated, administration of renal failure hyperalimentation and peritoneal or hemodialysis can be expected to complement each other and accelerate recovery. This intravenous fluid therapy, in turn, must be coordinated with proper hemodynamics, usually requiring a colloidal solution to maintain intravascular volume, and cardiotrophic agents such as digitalis and dopamine. Early use of renal failure can be expected to demonstrate the most striking response in terms of survival, early recovery from acute renal failure, and the preservation of physiological homeostasis.
 ...
PMID:Criteria for choosing amino acid therapy in acute renal failure. 10 Oct 72

We have described an advanced case of type A2 hepatorenal syndrome with subsequent recovery. The renal failure in this syndrome is secondary to the hepatic failure. In this patient, renal support was afforded by peritoneal dialysis, while hepatic recovery was facilitated by takedown of a jejunoileal shunt and by intravenous hyperalimentation. As liver function returned toward the normal range, renal function improved. Reversal of hepatic dysfunction is critical for reversal of hepatorenal syndrome of the type A2 variety.
 ...
PMID:Survival associated with hepatorenal syndrome. 10 94

Enteral hyperalimentation in four patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis and anorexia increased spontaneous food intake, increased their nitrogen balance and the patients improved clinically. Seven patients with alcoholic hepatitis, who were clinically ill and able to eat only 410-1,100 calories per day, were given a 900 mosM/l. parenteral "hyperalimentation" solution by a peripheral vein (P-900). The intravenous nutrition provided daily 51.6-77.4 gm. amino acids in addition to oral intake. All patients improved. None developed detectable encephalopathy after 16-42 days of P-900 therapy. Five additional patients had ascites and alcoholic hepatitis. The daily infusion of 2,000 ml. P-900 was not associated with hyponatremia, renal failure or encephalopathy in four of these five patients who improved and continued their diuresis. P-900 therapy was discontinued in one because of progressive hyponatremia. The observations indicate that over and above the maximum tolerable oral nutrition, intravenous nutrition can be effectively utilized by clinically ill, jaundiced patients with alcoholic hepatitis without precipitating encephalopathy or interference with standard therapy of ascites.
 ...
PMID:Hyperalimentation in alcoholic hepatitis. 11 34

Fungal wound infections have become more common because of the increased use of immunosuppressive and antineoplastic agents, prosthetic devices and grafts, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and hyperalimentation. Severe burns, renal failure, and other debilitating conditions also predispose to invasive mycoses. An aggressive diagnostic approach is particularly important, and tissue biopsy specimens are often necessary to establish a diagnosis. Meticulous surgical technique and minimization of the predisposing factors are crucial in the prevention of these infections, and prophylactic antimycotic agents may be of value in selected high-risk patients. Some mycotic wound infections can be managed effectively without systemic therapy; but when systemic agents are needed, combination antifungal therapy may provide improved results without increased drug toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Mycotic wound infections. A new challenge of the surgeon. 28 17

Forty patients with a mean age of 56 yrs, all of whom required hemodialysis therapy, for mean of 32 days, were treated with a minimum of 2000 kilocalories of I.V. glucose, potassium orthophosphate with mulit-vitamins and 25 Gm of I.V. albumin. Patients were initially dialyzed daily and then every other day or 3 times/wk. Complications including pneumonia, GI bleeding, gram negative septicemia, shock, the need for tracheostomy and ventialtory assist were high. Overall survival rate was 33%. This survival rate we beleive to be high considering the complicated type of illness these patients had as well as our clinical experience prior to the use of total parenteral nutrition in the manner described in this report. Essential L-amino acids were not used based on our experience in 3 patients with hepatic and renal failure who developed worsening neurological findings with the use of this substance. We believe further that I.V. glucose and albumin may be preferred mode of hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:Total parenteral nutrition in acute renal failure. 82 19

Candida sepsis has become one of the most common and dangerous forms of hospital acquired infection. The recommended drug for parenteral treatment of Candida sepsis is amphotericin B, however, its toxic effects preclude its usage in many patients, particularly in the presence of renal failure. A less toxic antifungal agent is 5-fluorocytosine. A patient with Candida albicans sepsis was treated successfully with 5-fluorocytosine by intravenous administration. The fungal infection developed during the course of acute renal failure, repeated surgical intervention, intravenous hyperalimentation, gastrointestinal bleeding and five months of antibiotic therapy. The clinical symptoms receded rapidly and cultures became sterile after one week of intravenous treatment. The predisposing factors, difficulties in prevention and diagnosis of fungal infection are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Candida sepsis successfully treated by parenteral administration of 5-fluorocytosine. 96 77

Thirty-one patients underwent hemodialysis for renal failure as a complication of major cardiovascular surgery at the University of Minnesota (1968-1973). Only eight patients (26%) survived. A review of the literature shows that since the beginning of hemodialysis the mortality of those patients has not improved. Infection was the overwhelming cause of death. The infections were difficult to diagnosis because they were frequently associated with abdominal abscesses that were almost uniformly overlooked. Several possible ways of improving these patients survival are: 1) the use of early operative interventions of second look type; 2) improved hygenic measures in the care of these patients; 3) more selective antibiotic treatment based on frequent reculturing; and 4) daily short dialysis in association with hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:Acute renal insufficiency complicating major cardiovascular surgery. 113 Aug 53

Acute renal failure (ARF) is characterised by progressive azotaemia, and for therapeutic purposes consideration of prerenal, intrinsic renal and postrenal types still holds good. Prerenal azotaemia is generally caused by loss of body fluids or blood, whereas postrenal azotaemia is effected by acute or chronic urinary tract obstruction. Provided these conditions are recognised on time and treated, they are reversible. However, delay in recognition or treatment could result in renal parenchymal damage and sustained ARF. Therefore utmost attention should be focused on identifying reversible factor(s) in the setting of ARF. Once reversible factors have been excluded, and ARF becomes sustained, a diagnosis of acute intrinsic renal failure is almost certain. Lack of natriuretic and diuretic responses to fluid challenge or infusion of furosemide (frusemide) and dopamine are further indications of this possibility. Management of acute intrinsic renal failure essentially consists of dietary control and dialysis therapy. The latter facilitates fluid and electrolyte management, but does not reduce the overall mortality. The potential benefit of parenteral hyperalimentation to promote renal function recovery must be carefully weighed against the risk of severe infectious complications.
 ...
PMID:Treatment considerations in acute renal failure. 128 Oct 72

Acromegaly was diagnosed in 14 middle-aged to old cats of mixed breeding. Thirteen (93%) of the cats were male and one was female. The earliest clinical signs in the 14 cats included polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, all of which were associated with untreated diabetes mellitus. All developed severe insulin resistance within a few months; peak insulin dosages required to control severe hyperglycemia ranged from 20 to 130 U per day. Other clinical findings weeks to months after diagnosis included enlargement of one or more organs (e.g., liver, heart, kidneys, and tongue) (n = 14), cardiomyopathy (n = 13), increase in body size and weight gain (n = 8), nephropathy associated with azotemia and clinical signs of renal failure (n = 7), degenerative arthropathy (n = 6), and central nervous system signs (i.e., circling and seizures) caused by enlargement of the pituitary tumor (n = 2). The diagnosis of acromegaly was confirmed by demonstration of extremely high basal serum growth hormone concentrations (22 to 131 micrograms/l) in all cats. Computerized tomography disclosed a mass in the region of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in five of the six cats in which it was performed. Two cats were treated by cobalt radiotherapy followed by administration of a somatostatin analogue (octreotide), whereas two cats were treated with octreotide alone. Treatment had little to no effect in decreasing serum GH concentrations in any of the cats. Eleven of the 14 cats were euthanized or died four to 42 months (median survival time, 20.5 months) after the onset of acromegaly because of renal failure (n = 2), congestive heart failure (n = 1), concomitant renal failure and congestive heart failure (n = 3), progressive neurologic signs (n = 2), persistent anorexia and lethargy of unknown cause (n = 1), the owner's unwillingness to treat the diabetes mellitus (n = 1), or unknown causes (n = 1). Results of necropsy examination in ten cats revealed a large pituitary acidophil adenoma (n = 10), marked left ventricular and septal hypertrophy (n = 7), dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 1), arthropathy affecting the shoulder, elbow, or stifle (n = 5), and glomerulopathy characterized by expansion of the mesangial matrix and variable periglomerular fibrosis (n = 10).
 ...
PMID:Acromegaly in 14 cats. 240 66

Neurosurgical patients with non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma (NHC) in our institution were analysed retrospectively. Seven cases were diagnosed as NHC being 0.47% of the number of inpatients in the last 5 years. The age ranged from 60 to 72 years old (mean 65) and there were 6 males and 1 female. Only 2 patients (29%) had a clear past history of diabetes mellitus. Prior to the NHC, systemic infection was present in 2 cases. Intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) was performed in 5 cases, glycerol osmotherapy in 3 cases, diphenylhydantion therapy in 3 cases and tube feeding in 2 cases. The overall mortality rate in our series was 71% (5 cases), of which 2 cases died within 2 days due to cardiopulmonary failure, and 3 cases in the chronic stage died due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), or due to renal failure. The prognosis of NHC in neurosurgical patients is generally bad because of the presence of consciousness disturbance prior to the onset of NHC, which may mask the symptoms occurring from the NHC. Other predisposing factors could be systemic infection, IVH or tube feeding, and osmotic agents which are frequently used in neurosurgical patients. There was a tendency for NHC to occur predominantly in the chronic stage after the blood sugar had returned to normal range from the hyperglycemic state in the acute stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma in neurosurgical cases; review of 7 cases]. 240 36


1 2 3 Next >>