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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 39-year-old woman who had previously undergone a jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity was receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. The patient developed allergic vasculitis while receiving fluid which contained a multi-vitamin solution. Rechallenge with this preparation resulted in an exacerbation of her skin lesions. The possible role of such additives in the development of unusual hypersensitivity reactions is discussed.
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PMID:The role of additives in allergic vasculitis during intravenous hyperalimentation. 12 90

Intestinal bypass is a reversible procedure which has been used with success in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Nine patients with intestinal bypass were forced to undergo reconstitution of the gastrointestinal tract due to severe symptoms of short gut syndrome. Meticulous attention to detail must be exercised in the preoperative preparation of this type of patient. Parenteral hyperalimentation may be necessary to return the patient to adequate nutrition. No attempt at revision should be made until the patient is nutritionally and metabolically reconstituted.
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PMID:Metabolic considerations in reconstitution of the small intestine after jejunoileal bypass. 81 11

Causes of obesity include a low resting metabolic rate, environmental factors, family behavior patterns, a poorly developed satiety response and reactive eating due to stress or anxiety. Morbid obesity is characterized by an increased number of adipocytes and a degree of irreversibility. Overeating increases the size of adipocytes; however, once adipocytes achieve their maximal size, proliferation is induced and massive, irreversible obesity may result. A syndrome of restrained eating produced by chronic dieting leads to hunger, frustration and rebound overeating. Treatment may be unsuccessful because of the failure to address specific causes of obesity in individual patients and the use of reducing regimens that are not designed to maintain weight loss. Recognition of the diverse clinical forms of obesity and their different etiologies permits treatment regimens to be more specific, increasing the likelihood of success. Even with this approach, treatment failure is common.
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PMID:Obesity: types and treatments. 172 3

I have described a 21-year-old man who had biopsy-proven hypothalamic sarcoidosis and polyphagia with a weight increase to 393 lb (178.6 kg) on a 5 ft 4 inch frame during a seven-year follow-up. This morbid obesity appears to be due to sarcoid invasion of the satiety center in the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, sarcoid invasion of the supraoptic nucleus produced partial diabetes insipidus. Anterior pituitary deficiency, with complete gonadotropin and growth hormone deficiency, as well as partial ACTH and TSH deficiency, were also present.
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PMID:Hypothalamic sarcoidosis: a new cause of morbid obesity. 273 38

The long term ingestion of a sugar-rich diet (low fat) caused severe obesity in adult rats. In a separate experiment, the habitual consumption of a fat-rich diet (40% kcal from fat) also caused severe obesity. Severe obesity developed in both groups of animals even though they did not overeat. Voluntary food intake for the sugar-fed rats averaged 28,314 +/- 756 calories/rat per 55 wks which was similar to the value of 28,884 +/- 953 calories/rat per 55 wks for the fat-fed rats. However, both values were lower than that of 32,869 +/- 588 for the control rats eating Purina chow. Despite a lower caloric intake, carcass fat averaged 45 +/- 1% for rats eating the sugar-rich diet and 46 +/- 2% for rats eating the fat-rich diet, but only 33 +/- 2% for rats eating a diet of Purina chow. These results provide evidence that severe obesity can develop in the absence of hyperphagia in animals eating a sugar-rich or fat-rich diet. Finally, a rat model for severe obesity is presented in which carcass fat ranged from 18% (lean) to 61% (severe obesity) using dietary intervention alone at critical stages of the animal's life.
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PMID:Effects of dietary sugar and of dietary fat on food intake and body fat content in rats. 362 94

Fourteen patients originally presented with hyperphagia and intractable morbid obesity have had maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) applied in an effort to control their obesity. In 10 patients who were massively obese or considered poor risk candidates for surgical control of their obesity, MMF was applied with the aim of reducing the obesity to a level where a surgical gastric restrictive bariatric procedure could be safely carried out. Eight of these patients had been rejected for surgical control of obesity elsewhere and two were edentulous. Five of these patients after successful weight loss over periods from 16 to 40 weeks (mean percentage overweight lost 84.8, range 39-150) safely underwent a gastric restrictive procedure. All five patients have had continuous weight loss after bariatric surgery. Two patients requested removal of MMF 1 and 2 weeks after application. The remaining three patients, who were candidates for surgery, after successful weight loss over periods from 12 to 28 weeks (mean percentage of overweight lost 45, range 38-50) decided not to proceed with surgical control. All have subsequently regained the lost weight. Four originally morbidly obese patients, who had had a previously successful gastric restrictive procedure followed by weight loss, requested MMF in an effort to lose further weight. Over periods from 8 to 16 weeks three of the four had further weight loss (mean percentage of overweight lost 18.3, range 5-30). After removal of MMF all four patients regained some weight. In only one was there a significant maintenance of weight lost during MMF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Jaw wiring in the treatment of morbid obesity. 386 88

The long-term ingestion of a fat-rich diet caused severe obesity in adult rats. Severe obesity developed in these animals without them having to increase caloric intake. Evidence for this comes from the observation that voluntary intake averaged 36,113 +/- 410 calories/rat per 60 wk for rats eating a high-fat diet (42% of calories from fat) compared to a value of 36,125 +/- 500 calories/rat per 60 wk for those eating a diet of Purina chow. Despite a similar caloric intake, carcass fat averaged 51 +/- 1% for rats eating the fat-rich diet but only 30 +/- 1% body fat for control animals eating the low-fat diet of Purina chow. These results indicate that a fat-rich diet does not always cause rats to overeat. Further, they clearly demonstrate that severe obesity can develop in the absence of hyperphagia provided the animals eat a fat-rich diet. Finally, a correlation coefficient of r = 0.76 between body weight and lean body mass was obtained for the Purina chow-fed rats and that of r = 0.66 was obtained for the fat-fed rats.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fat on food intake, growth and body composition in rats. 653 99

Six adult dogs were implanted stereotaxically with chronic indwelling Medtronic platinum-tipped electrodes in the left ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH); two dogs with electrodes placed in the subcortical white matter served as controls. Following 24 hours of food deprivation, VMH-stimulated dogs delayed their next meal for a period ranging from 1 to 18 hours. When not stimulated, however, each dog ate immediately upon receiving its food and consumed greater than average daily intake (p less than 0.005). The two control dogs ate immediately upon receiving food regardless of whether they were stimulated or not. Dogs that received 1 hour of VMH stimulation every 12 hours for 3 consecutive days maintained an average daily food intake of 35% of normal baseline levels (range 13% to 51%), and water consumption averaged 50% of baseline intake (range 29% to 67%). Both of these results were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). After cessation of stimulation, food and water intake returned to normal within 6 to 9 days, with no observable "rebound hyperphagia." The two animals that received subcortical electrodes showed no change in food or water intake with stimulation. Blood pressure, pulse, respiration, temperature, and gross behavior were not altered during or after stimulation. These results suggest that the use of electrical stimulation of the VMH may be a useful modality for regulating food intake, and deserves further examination as a potential alternative therapy for human morbid obesity.
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PMID:Changes in food intake with electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in dogs. 672 69

Hepatic and renal failure developed in association with severe enteritis and hemorrhagic proctocolitis in a patient who had had a jejunoileal bypass 8 yr previously for morbid obesity. Parenteral antibiotic treatment abolished the systemic manifestations of the enteritis, but did not change the course of the hepatic and renal failure, and prolonged hemodialysis was necessary. Liver function improved in response to hyperalimentation. Take-down of the jejunoileal bypass resulted in immediate improvement of renal function, and hemodialysis could be discontinued. Although there is no direct evidence supporting this theory, the course of this patient suggested that the renal failure was functional in origin, and was caused by a toxin generated as a result of the intestinal bypass. We suspect that the toxin originated from bacteria within the blind bowel loop. Its delivery to the renal circulation was probably facilitated by increased absorption from the ulcerated large intestine and by impaired clearance by the diseased liver. When the bacterial flora were returned toward normal by take-down of the bypassed intestine, the quantity of circulating toxins probably decreased, which allowed renal function to improve.
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PMID:Sudden reversal of renal failure after take-down of a jejunoileal bypass. Report of a case involving hemorrhagic proctocolitis, and renal and hepatic failure late after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. 680 83

Forty-eight patients underwent surgery for morbid obesity, 20 had gastric bypass and 28 had gastric partitioning or stapling. Gastric bypass was effective in producing satisfactory weight loss. There were few long term sequelae. However, it was complex and difficult technically, with a substantial mortality--three deaths. Gastric partitioning was simpler and safer, no mortality or serious complications but it was less reliable in producing satisfactory weight loss. Eleven patients showing no sign of getting within 20 percent of their ideal weight; this includes four with staple disruption. A small stomach syndrome is produced with transient qualitative limitation of overeating. A degree of motivation and dietary reform is necessary to produce the qualitative changes that the dumping symptoms, associated with gastric bypass, compel. Important features of management are careful selection and counselling pre operatively and regular follow up by both surgeon and dietitian.
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PMID:Surgery for morbid obesity in a provincial centre. 695 67


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