Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatobiliary imaging with the various technetium-labeled IDA compounds is more than 90% sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Causes of false-positive studies include chronic cholecystitis, cystic-duct obstruction by tumor, prolonged fasting, the nonfasting state, pancreatitis, alcoholism, parenteral hyperalimentation, and severe intercurrent illness. A case of congenital absence of the gallbladder is submitted as another cause of a false-positive scan.
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PMID:Congenital absence of the gallbladder: another cause of false-positive hepatobiliary image. 672 25

Delayed hypersensitivity was evaluated in 24 pediatric cancer patients who received intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Hypersensitivity, as analyzed by skin test antigens, was recorded before and after IVH therapy. With the exception of malnourished patients, tumor response, nutritional status, and delayed hypersensitivity were not correlated in the way suggested by similar studies in adult patients. However, hypersensitivity was correlated with nutritional status post-IVH.
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PMID:Recall antigen response in pediatric cancer patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation. 676 51

The malnourishing effects of cancer and its treatments haveprovided a strong clinical incentive for the nutritional support of cancer patients with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), but potential enhancement of tumor growth by additional substrate provision has generated concern. Twenty-five patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancer were studied on one of two preoperative dietary regimens: ad libitum oral diet or intravenous hyperalimentation. Using a stable isotope tracer, N-glycine, in vivo tissue fractional protein synthesis rates were determined from operative specimens of tumor and normal gastrointestinal tissue. Despite substantial advantage in caloric and protein intake, and nitrogen retention, tumors in IVH-fed patients were synthesizing protein no faster (14.2%/day) than those in orally fed patients (15.1/day). Tumor fractional protein synthesis rates (PSRs) correlated (r = + 0.708, P less than 0.005) with the PSR of the tissues from which they arose. IVH maintained gut PSR at the level occurring in the orally fed patients. Parenteral nutritional support in cancer patients does not maintain protein synthesis rates at levels greater than those present with regular oral diets. Although not a direct measure of tumor growth, these data provide preliminary evidence that optimal nutritional support of the cancer patient may be possible without undesirable stimulation of tumor growth.
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PMID:Protein synthesis dynamics in human gastrointestinal malignancies. 676 89

The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation on the nutritional status of 84 cancer patients treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, has been evaluated. The body weight increased in 78% of patients, mid upper arm circumferance in 93%, triceps skinfold in 73%, mid upper arm-muscle circumference in 73%, creatinine/height index in 30%, serum albumin in 32%, transferrin in 35%, total peripheral lymphocytes in 38%. Lymphocyte blastogenesis increased in 74% of the patients examined and skin tests were converted from negative to positive in about 20% of patients. In addition 8 our of 18 patients responsive to IVH benefited from chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy indicating that the nutritional repletion of the host did not significantly affect the growth of the tumor. These findings support the opinion that neoplastic cachexia may depend partially on malnutrition and can be often reversed by IVH. Moreover, IVH might have an adjunctive role as potentiator of chemotherapy which however must be confirmed by clinical trials.
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PMID:Effect of supportive intravenous hyperalimentation on the nutritional status of cancer patients. 677 22

The nutritional status of the patient with cancer of the head and neck is subject to multiple stress. The nutritional status of such a patient is an admixture of the patient's personal hygiene, his or her neoplasm, the treatment of his or her neoplasm, and the complications of such treatment. It has been suggested the restoration of positive nitrogen balance through aggressive nutritional hyperalimentation will restore immunocompetence, enhance the clinical response to treatment, and reduce the frequency of complications. Despite this anecdotal data, controlled studies are needed to show that significant benefit to the patient will justify the added costs of nutritional support in terms of manpower costs, additional days of hospitalization, and increased monies spent on elemental diets.
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PMID:The nutrition problem in head and neck cancer. 678 36

Because protein-calorie undernutrition is common in patients with neoplastic disease, nutritional support is often recommended. It is uncertain, however, that methods of supplemental alimentation successful in noncancerous subjects are suitable in cancer patients. We measured elemental balances, serum proteins, anthropometrics (triceps skinfold and mid-arm muscle area), and creatinine/height ratio in 15 undernourished patients with advanced cancer and in 10 noncancer undernourished controls during central venous or enteral hyperalimentation and found the following. (a) During central venous hyperalimentation, cancer patients showed significantly less improvement than the noncancerous controls in body weight (median increment, 5 kg in cancer patients and 8.5 kg in noncancerous), albumin (0.1 g/dl in cancer patients and 0.5 g/dl in noncancerous patients), creatinine/height ratio (4% of standard in cancer and 10% of standard in noncancer), and mid-arm muscle area (4% of standard in cancer and 11% of standard in noncancer). During enteral hyperalimentation, gains in body weight and albumin by cancer patients were significantly inferior to those in noncancerous subjects. Triceps skinfold increments, in contrast, were similar during both central venous and enteral hyperalimentation for cancer and noncancerous patients. (b) While nitrogen retention was similar in cancer and noncancer patients, the cancer group retained significantly less magnesium and phosphorus (delta Mg in cancer patients, 3.2 mEq/day central, -2.7 mEq/day enteral; delta Mg in noncancer patients, 11.9 mEq/day central, 10.1 mEq/day enteral; delta P in cancer patients, 0.13 g/day central, 0.07 g/day enteral; delta P in noncancer patients, 0.27 g/day central, 0.33 g/day enteral). The poorer balances of cancer patients were caused by increased urinary, not fecal, loss. These findings indicate a partial block in repletion of lean body mass or abnormal composition of newly deposited lean body mass when undernourished patients with advanced cancer receive hyperalimentation.
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PMID:Hyperalimentation of the cancer patient with protein-calorie undernutrition. 678 32

Over 1,500 patients at our institution have received intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) as nutritional support for nutritional rehabilitation prior to and/or during oncologic therapy. Stimulation of tumor growth has not been identified, and septic and metabolic complications of this technique have been minimal. Nutritional repletion resulted in return of immunocompetence and was associated with a reduction in sepsis, proper wound healing, and an apparent increase in tumor response to chemotherapy. If these observations were related as cause and effect, then a method of restoring and maintaining adequate nutrition should be added to the armamentarium of the oncologist. The use of IVh allowed specific oncologic therapy to be administered to a group of malnourished patients who otherwise might not have been acceptable candidates for intensive antineoplastic therapy.
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PMID:Nutrition and cancer. 678 9

Tumor patients generally suffer from malnutrition which is still aggrevated by radiotherapy and its side effects. Therefore the accompanying alimentary guidance and treatment are very important factor. A plan comprising several degrees from dietary guidance, forced oral and enteral nutrition to intravenous hyperalimentation has proved to be practicable. For the ambulatory radiotherapy of our ORL-patients, we have recently been applying a Nutromat-Pfimmer, a promoter system operating according to the Bakery pump system and serving for continuous or discontinuous enteral nutrition therapy with formula or elementary diets. The authors describe principle and function of the device and present their first experiences. By using early and consequently this device for our irradiated patients, we hope to prevent or heal malnutrition, ameliorate the tolerance of tumor therapy, reduce the incidence of complications, re-establish the immunocompetence, and improve the life quality of the patients.
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PMID:[Nutromat-Pfrimmer, a new transporting system for the enteral nutrition therapy of tumor patients before, during and after radiotherapy (author's transl)]. 680 4

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a clinical adjunct to cancer therapy. But it is difficult to do controlled clinical studies on cancer patients undergoing TPN. We therefore turned to a study of TPN on Buffalo strain rats with and without a Morris 7777 transplantable hepatoma. Our results showed that TPN at higher than normal levels (total parenteral hyperalimentation, abbreviated TPH) supported a gain in body weight of nontumorous rats. In tumorous rats, TPH supported body weight gain and stimulated tumor growth. Detailed analysis showed the TPH of the rats with a large rapidly growing hepatoma did gain body weight associated with fluid retention while the carcass weight decreased. Nor did TPH of tumorous rats significantly reverse the low cell proliferative activity to ear epidermis attributed to the tumor though it did stimulate tumor cell proliferation. Thus TPH by itself did not overcome wasting due to presence of the tumor. Using the hypothesis that uncontrolled gluconeogenesis is linked to cancer cachexia, we combined TPH with inhibition of gluconeogenesis (using hydrazine sulfate) and prevented the carcass weight loss (cachexia) in the tumorous rats. Tumor growth was stimulated by this treatment. Stimulation of cell proliferation in the tumor can, however, benefit chemotherapy using an S phase or cell cycle-specific cytotoxic drug.
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PMID:Effect of total parenteral nutrition on tumor-host responses in rats. 680 28

Nutrition and metabolism are vital functions just as respiration and cardio-vascular function which influence general well-being, physical and mental capacity, immunocompetence and wound healing. Malnutrition is a high-risk factor and carries a high morbidity and mortality. 30-50% of our patients nowadays are malnourished. Particularly tumor patients suffer from malnutrition which is still aggravated by radiotherapy and its side effects. Therefore the accompanying alimentary guidance and treatment are very important factors. A plan comprising several degrees from dietary guidance, forced oral and enteral nutrition to intravenous hyperalimentation has proved to be practicable. For the ambulatory radiotherapy of our ORL-patients, we have recently been applying a Nutromat, a promoter system operating according to the Bakey pump system and serving for continuous or discontinuous enteral nutrition therapy with formula or elementary diets. The authors describe principle and function of the device and present their first experiences. By using early and consequently this device for our irradiated patients, we hope to prevent or heal malnutrition, ameliorate the tolerance of tumor therapy and the patient's energy, increase the physical and psychical health, reduce the incidence of complications, reestablish the immunocompetence, and improve the survival and life quality of the patients.
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PMID:[Nutritional therapy of tumor patients before, during and after radiotherapy with a new promoter system--Nutromat]. 681 62


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