Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both the presence of cancer and oncologic therapy cause metabolic alterations that may decrease the ability of the host to maintain anabolism. Nutritional support, properly administered, will replenish lean body mass, visceral proteins, and immunocompetence in human beings and experimental animals with small to modest tumor burdens. To date, stimulation of tumor growth by intravenous hyperalimentation in malnourished patients has not been documented scientifically. The exact role of intravenous hyperalimentation, in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, is controversial, whereas the role of nutritional support for the malnourished surgical patient is more firmly established.
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PMID:Value of nutritional support in adult cancer patients. 309 46

Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia (immunodeficiency), a disorder characterized by late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency and lack of humoral immunity, has a variable association with bronchiectasis, cholelithiasis, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, gastrointestinal neoplasia, megaloblastic anemia, and malabsorption. The patient described in this report had all of the above except neoplasia. In addition, he had calcium oxalate renal stones probably secondary to his malabsorption. The first case demonstrating the beneficial effect of home hyperalimentation in patients with severe malabsorption refractory to other treatments is described. Home hyperalimentation overnight allows the patient freedom for daily activities while also being more cost-effective than in-hospital parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Home hyperalimentation for common variable hypogammaglobulinemia with malabsorption secondary to intestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. 311 40

The medical records of 14 hyperthyroid cats with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively regarding historical, physical, laboratory, and thyroid scintiscan findings, treatment, and treatment outcome. Breed predilection was not detected, and older castrated male cats were most commonly affected. The most common clinical signs detected by owners were weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and anorexia. Physical examination findings included tachycardia, palpable cervical mass, hyperactivity, cardiac murmur, and abnormal coat. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high serum thyroxine and triiodo-thyronine concentrations and high serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase activities. Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperglycemia were noticed less frequently. The most common thyroid scintiscan findings were multiple nodular areas of high radionuclide uptake in the cervical region, thoracic inlet, and cranial mediastinum. The most common morphologic diagnosis was mixed compact and follicular carcinoma, with follicular and papillary carcinomas being less common. Most cats responded well to treatment of the thyroid tumor, with rapid resolution of the historical and physical examination findings. The most common necropsy findings were local tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastases, cardiomyopathy, and interstitial nephritis.
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PMID:Thyroid carcinoma causing hyperthyroidism in cats: 14 cases (1981-1986). 318 90

Implantation of the Walker 256 carcinoma in lactating rats 2-3 days after parturition had no effect on maternal food intake or pup weight gain over the next 8-9 days. The rate of mammary gland lipogenesis in vivo, which is an index of glucose utilization by the gland, was similar in control and post-partum implanted rats. The accumulation of 14C-lipid in the mammary tissue after an oral load of [1-14C]triolein was also not altered by the presence of the tumor, nor was there evidence for hypertriglyceridaemia. This suggests that the activity of lipoprotein lipase in mammary tissue is not sensitive to the tumor as it appears to be in adipose tissue of non-lactating rats. In contrast, implantation of the tumor 1-2 days before parturition resulted in a faster rate of tumor growth, decreased maternal food intake and decreased pup weight gain compared to either control rats or rats with tumor implanted post-partum. In addition, the rate of mammary gland lipogenesis was decreased by 70% and that of the carcass by 50%. This decrease in lipogenesis is likely to be due to the relative hypophagia in the pre-partum implanted group. The 14C-lipid accumulation in mammary tissue after oral [1-14C]triolein tended to be lower in the pre-partum group but this was not statistically significant. It is concluded that the marked effects on lactation of pre-partum implantation of the tumor are due to effects of the tumor or its presence on the differentiation of the gland around parturition. The alternative explanation that the pre-partum tumor implantation suppresses the stimulus for physiological hyperphagia during lactation is less likely, because this does not occur with the post-partum implantation. The role of putative humoral factors in these effects of the Walker 256 carcinoma in lactation is discussed.
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PMID:Tumor growth and lipid metabolism during lactation in the rat. 325 Feb 34

Plasma selenium levels were determined at various intervals during hospitalization of 71 patients with upper gastrointestinal and other malignancies. These patients often require frequent nutritional as well as surgical or medical intervention. Attempts were made to identify, evaluate, and compensate for numerous confounding variables at each of the 374 plasma selenium determinations. Selenium levels in stable patients who were neither receiving aggressive antineoplastic therapy, nor septic, nor taking corticosteroids and who had no clinically significant metabolic imbalance were then separately analyzed. In 55 stable patients selenium levels were 28% lower than those found in 20 normal controls (mean 61.8 micrograms/L, P less than 0.0005). An analysis of all the readings showed that selenium levels were substantially decreased by recent radiotherapy or sepsis, by regional tumor spread and increased tumor burden, and by intravenous and/or enteral hyperalimentation and intravenous lipids. In contrast to these findings, levels were relatively higher in patients with an adequate oral diet or with a lesser tumor burden. The comparison between selenium levels in stable and in aggressively treated or septic patients supports the importance of the relationship of nutrition to selenium levels in cancer patients.
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PMID:Plasma selenium levels in patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer. 344 Feb 35

Evidence has been presented to suggest that the patient with an obstructed carcinoma of the colon may have a more malignant form of the disease independent of lymph node status or tumor encirclement of the bowel. Rate of tumor growth is never consistent in patients with this disease. Patients who develop colon obstruction early in the course of the disease seem to have more aggressive tumors with rapid growth and a much poorer long-term prognosis. Perforations frequently accompany obstructions of the colon. Patients in this group have a dismal prognosis. Individuals with obstructed carcinoma of the colon have a higher operative mortality and morbidity and a shorter long-term survival. The higher operative mortality and morbidity may depend entirely on the choice of operative procedures. Tumor location affects prognosis. Obstructing tumors in the left colon have a more favorable prognosis than those in the right colon. Obstructing right colon tumors have a much poorer survival (three times worse) than nonobstructing carcinomas of the right colon. Obstructing tumors in the rectum have a very poor prognosis. Evidence exists that resection of the tumor without preliminary proximal decompression may reduce hospital mortality and morbidity and increase long-term survival. In selected cases, primary resection can be done as safely as staged operative procedures. Primary anastomosis with resection of the left colon carries a higher operative mortality because of anastomotic leaks. Resection without anastomosis is much safer. Primary resection with anastomosis is the procedure of choice in obstructing lesions of the right colon. This has a lower operative mortality and morbidity than a staged procedure. This primary resection with anastomosis is certainly as safe as an ileotransverse colostomy. It is important not to abandon the time-honored surgical principle of never suturing obstructed bowel. Primary resection without anastomosis confirms this surgical principle. Meticulous preoperative and postoperative care employing physiological monitoring, multiple antibiotics, total parenteral hyperalimentation, and respiratory and circulatory support will further reduce the hospital mortality and morbidity. Patients who initially appear to be obstructed on barium enema, but who in truth are only partially obstructed, can be properly managed so that an elective primary resection with anastomosis can be done with the same operative mortality and morbidity as in other elective colon cancer patients.
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PMID:Obstructing malignant lesions of the colon. 373 1

A needle guide was used to create a fistula from an obstructed common bile duct to the duodenum in a patient with a large tumor of the head of the pancreas. The tortuosity and severity of the stricture prevented the use of routine guide wire passage. A 5-F hyperalimentation catheter was also placed, in addition to the biliary drainage stent.
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PMID:Percutaneous transhepatic choledochoenterostomy in a patient with a biliary obstruction. 376 78

Nutritional intake or absorption may be compromised by radiation therapy (RT) when large portions of the gastrointestinal tract are treated. Dietary counseling, oral supplements, tube feedings and intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) have been employed to limit weight loss and lessen intestinal RT side effects. Unfortunately, no prospective study reviewed has shown improved tumor control or patient survival. Special diets and IVH have also been employed in select patients to relieve chronic malabsorption from severe radiation enteritis.
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PMID:Critical evaluation of the role of nutritional support for radiation therapy patients. 391 59

Surgical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus continues to be a controversial area in thoracic surgery. In a series of 20 patients, 15 received preoperative chemotherapy with cis-platinum (cisplatin), 2 received cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil, and 3 received cisplatin plus vinblastine sulfate. Eighteen patients underwent en bloc esophagogastrectomy and postoperative radiation therapy. All patients were staged preoperatively by thoracoabdominal computed axial tomographic scan, bone scan, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, and barium swallow. Patients with liver or bone metastasis were excluded. The majority of patients received preoperative enteral hyperalimentation. Eighteen of the 20 patients completed the study with a follow-up of 12 to 24 months. There was 1 operative death, and 3 patients were in the hospital for more than three weeks after operation before they were discharged. Fourteen of the 18 patients survived for a year, and 11 survived for 12 to 24 months. Substantial reduction in mucosal disease and tumor burden based on preoperative barium swallow and endoscopy was evident in 11 of 18 patients, but in no patient was the tumor completely eradicated by preoperative chemotherapy. Although follow-up is short, this treatment regimen involving a combined treatment offers hope in the palliation of this disease.
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PMID:Combined treatment approach in surgical management of carcinoma of the esophagus: a preliminary report. 392 6

As many chemotherapeutic agents affect the alimentary tract the use of hyperalimentation with tube feeding during and after chemotherapy has been limited. However, patients do tolerate tube feeding well despite chemotherapy. The feeding has to be administered as continuous drip infusion and in case of bone marrow depression sterile feeding is necessary. Enteral nutrition is more physiologic, safer, easier and less expensive than parenteral nutrition. With enteral hyperalimentation the nutritional needs can be fulfilled to a large extent. Much research will be necessary to investigate the effect of enteral (hyper)alimentation on tumor metabolism and clinical effect of chemotherapy.
Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 1985
PMID:Tube feeding of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. 393 75


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