Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two groups of patients suffering from advanced neoplastic disease were fed parenterally for a period ranging from 1 to 16 weeks. The parameters considered were: weight change, serum albumin level, lymphocyte transformation test and serum immunoglobulin level. There were 23 patients in one group and 21 patients in the other. Regimens included for group I: saline solution (1000-1500 ml), glucose (100-150 g) and amino acids (15-30 g) per day; for group 2: 40-50 Cal/kg per day (dextrose about 15 g/kg per day), about 2 g of amino acids/kg/day and about 40-50 ml water/kg/day. In addition, 13 patients underwent both treatments sequentially. All the Group I patients lost weight (1.3 kg/week); while out of 23 patients in Group 2, 15 gained weight, 2 remained unchanged and 6 continued to lose weight, but to a lesser rate than before hyperalimentation (the average weight gain was 1.1 kg/week). Serum albumin levels decreased in 19 out of 25 patients in Group I and increased in 14 out of 26 patients of Group 2. Initial values of the lymphocyte blast transformation test were very low in both groups of patients, and an increase was observed only in patients treated by hyperalimentation. The increase was more evident in patients who were not under antiblastic treatment. Changes in serum immunoglobulin levels were not significant. The authors conclude that malnutrition plays a very important role in neoplastic cachexia and can be improved by parenteral hyperalimentation. Although it is possible that in the near future hyperalimentation and conventional neoplastic therapies will play complementary roles in treatment of advanced neoplastic disease, malnutrition is still the specific indication for intravenous hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:[Parenteral hyperalimentation in patients with advanced neoplastic disease (author's transl)]. 82 82

The hypothalamus, in addition to regulating the anterior and posterior pituitary, controls water balance through thirst, regulates food ingestion and body temperature, influences consciousness, sleep, emotion and other behaviors. Much has been learned of these effects in human disease through the clinical manifestations that occur with hypothalamic lesions. This study reviews the clinical pathologic correlations that have been made in recent years showing that regions of the hypothalamus exert functions in humans that are similar to those identified in experimental animals. Clinical pathologic correlations have not always provided precise analysis of hypothalamic function. The hypothalamus is small and often lesions that come to clinical attention achieve considerable size before their recognition, making local anatomic dissections of the effects of the lesions difficult. Nevertheless, the use of modern non-invasive techniques including CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided new information not previously available. This paper reviews several cases of hypothalamic disorder recognized recently. (1) A 33-year-old black man with hypothalamic sarcoidosis. Manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction included panhypopituitarism, aggressive hyperphagia, polydipsia (partially due to hyperglycemia secondary to diabetes mellitus), drowsiness, depression, and irritability. (2) A 37-year-old woman with a large intrahypothalamic tumor (biopsy showed pituitary adenoma), with drowsiness, poikilothermia, lack of satiety, confusion, and memory loss. She becomes depressed when she is transiently more alert (as after hypertonic contrast-dye infusion). (3) A 60-year-old man with hypothalamic compression by a pituitary tumor, associated with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH), severe anorexia, memory loss, but preserved thirst. After surgical decompression of the tumor his appetite acutely recovered, but he developed severe hypo(poikilo)thermia. (4) A 45-year-old woman with a suprasellar craniopharyngioma presented with severe drowsiness, hyperphagia, depression, and memory loss post-operatively, which responded to antidepressants (except for the memory loss). She had extremely labile blood pressures and serum Na for about 1 week post-operatively.
 ...
PMID:Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. 148 Jul 55

Cancer cachexia is characterized by progressive, involuntary weight loss in patients with cancer. Cachexia is a common cause of death in patients with cancer in the advanced stage. It is well known that cancer patients with significant weight loss are subject to a high risk of postoperative complications. Intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) has been applied to anticancer treatment when patients are unable to take sufficient nutrients orally. It is mandatory to take efficacy of antineoplastic therapies into account in attempting to assess response to nutritional repletion in cancer patients. Nutritional support is effective in maintaining body weight of malnourished cancer patients, although it is difficult to maintain body cell mass expressed as intracellular water. In other words, there is a discrepancy between changes in body composition and weight loss in undernourished patients with cancer. It seems that intravenous hyperalimentation has no documented benefit to cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment from the standpoint of improved patient survival in the prospective, randomized trials of nutritional support. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to improve tumor-bearing host survival by means of nutritional management, i.e., glutamine enriched solution, amino acid imbalance solution, and anticachectic drugs on the basis of the deranged metabolism in cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Response to nutritional management in cancer patients]. 154 58

A randomized study of the effects of methionine-deprived amino acid solution (AO-90) on the metabolism of 5-FU was performed in patients with advanced gastric or colorectal cancers. Continuous intravenous hyperalimentation with either AO-90 or conventional amino acid solution (control group) in combination with 5-FU was performed for 7 days preoperatively under the fasting condition. The administration of AO-90 showed a decreased level of serum methionine and resulted in the subsequent increased tendency in the intratumorous levels of both folic acid and methylene tetrahydrofolate compared to those of the control group. In the AO-90 group, the inhibition rate of thymidilate synthase in the tumor was significantly higher than that of the control group. These results indicate that AO-90 plays an important role in the metabolism of 5-FU and seems to contribute to the increased antitumor effect of 5-FU as a biochemical modulator.
 ...
PMID:[Methionine-deprived amino acid solution-induced biochemical modulation of 5-FU and augmentation of the antitumor activity]. 158 Jun 36

Deterioration in nutritional status occurs late in the progress of cancers at certain sites, but at all stages in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Weight loss with decrease in body fat and muscle wastage, occurs to a varying degree. Superficially, the clinical condition resembles simple food deprivation. However, the derangements in metabolism are often and some patients show an elevated resting energy expenditure, disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and generally, a failure to adapt to reduced food intake, which is characteristic of cachexia. Cancer cachexia then becomes characterized by signs of marked negative energy and protein balance, including hypoalbuminemia, weight loss, and anemia. On the other hand, toxohormone extracted from tumor tissues was considered as the main cause to produce cancer cachexia. However, it has become clearer that cytokines, e.g. cachectin/TNF, IL-1, LT and IFN gamma play an important role to produce cachexia. Patients who are malnourished have an incidence of postoperative complications double that seen in adequately nourished patients. The effectiveness of cancer-chemotherapy is also different in nutritional status of patients. Although in patients requiring hyperalimentation, enteral nutritional support may feasible and enteral feeding has a distinct metabolic advantage compared with parenteral feeding, there is a definite role for total parenteral nutrition in patients who have severe chronic radiation enteritis, side effect of chemotherapy, weight loss and malabsorption. Tentative weight gain and correction of hypoalbuminemia without improving patient survival may be expected by this intravenous hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer 2. Nutrition control]. 169 91

Clinical studies suggest that pancreatic cancer occurs more often in persons with diabetes mellitus [1-7]. We have previously shown that the hamster pancreatic carcinoma cell line H2T grows more rapidly when implanted in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic hamsters [8]. To determine if enhanced growth of pancreatic carcinoma cells in diabetic hamsters is due to polyphagia associated with diabetes, H2T cells were implanted into the cheek pouch of three groups of animals: normal hamsters (group I), STZ-diabetic hamsters (group II), and STZ-diabetics pairfed to normals (group III). Tumor weights 30 days after implantation were 172 g in group I, 368 g in group II, and 369 g in group III (P less than 0.007). There was no significant difference between the two diabetic groups. Thus, STZ diabetes appears to promote the growth of pancreatic carcinoma cells by a mechanism other than increased nutrient intake by diabetic tumor hosts.
 ...
PMID:Further studies of enhanced growth of pancreatic carcinoma in diabetes. 219 Nov 68

A 34-year-old woman was admitted with an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray film. Under a preoperative diagnosis of benign bronchogenic cyst, operation was carried out and the tumor was found to be originating from the right main vagal nerve in the mid-superior mediastinum. The vagal nerve was transected to remove the tumor. Pathological diagnosis was a neurinoma. Postoperative complication was chylothorax which was successfully treated with thoracic drainage and intravenous hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:[A case of mediastinal neurinoma originating from right intrathoracic vagal nerve]. 231 24

1. The effects of starvation post partum (24 h) and tumour growth pre partum on the initiation of lactation in the rat were studied. 2. Tumour growth decreased food intake at 24 h, but not at 2 days post partum. 3. Pup growth rate increased with hyperphagia; starvation and tumour burden decreased pup growth, and starvation decreased maternal body weight. 4. Starvation decreased gastrointestinal-tract mass; tumour growth decreased gastrointestinal-tract and mammary-gland mass. 5. Mammary-gland DNA-synthesis rate was high immediately post partum, but decreased by day 3 of lactation; starvation and tumour burden decreased this rate, and also decreased gastrointestinal-tract DNA-synthesis rate. 6. Arteriovenous differences for glucose and lactate across the mammary gland did not change with time, nor were they affected by the tumour. Starvation decreased arterial glucose and lactate, and the gland extracted less glucose but produced lactate. 7. Mammary-gland lipogenesis was sensitive to starvation and to tumour growth. 8. In contrast with the gradual development of mammary-gland lipogenic enzyme activities, lipoprotein lipase activity was high in the gland by 2 days post partum; starvation or tumour burden decreased the activity. 9. The mammary gland is sensitive post partum to decreased food intake, and to tumour presence. The effects of the latter are apparently independent of hypophagia.
 ...
PMID:Lipid metabolism during the initiation of lactation in the rat. The effects of starvation and tumour growth. 259 Jan 73

In two cases with a giant cell tumor of the axis, the mandible and tongue-splitting approach permitted excision of the tumor and anterior fusion of the spine from the atlas to the third cervical vertebra. With this approach, there is no need to extend or rotate the cervical spine during the operation. In addition, the operative field extends from the clivus to the fourth cervical vertebra, and safe and sufficient anterior decompression is possible. Although this approach has some disadvantages, contemporary techniques of intravenous hyperalimentation and postoperative respiratory management provide a solution to these problems. Thus, this approach should always be considered for patients requiring extensive anterior decompression of the craniovertebral junction or upper cervical spine.
 ...
PMID:Mandible and tongue-splitting approach for giant cell tumor of axis. 260 53

Radioactive iodine (131I) was used in the treatment of a 12-year-old female dog with hyperthyroidism resulting from a large, unresectable (and metastatic) thyroid carcinoma associated with signs of severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, nervousness) and high basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, as well as thyroid radioiodine kinetic studies that showed a high radioiodine uptake into the thyroid (% thyroid uptake) and markedly increased serum concentrations of protein-bound iodine-131 (PB131I) after 131I tracer injection. Thyroid imaging revealed diffuse radionuclide accumulation by the tumor, which involved both thyroid lobes. The dog was treated with three large doses of radioiodine (131I), ranging from 60 to 75 mCi, given at intervals of 5 to 7 months. The dog became euthyroid, and the size of the tumor decreased by approximately 25% after each 131I treatment, improving the severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, but both the hyperthyroid state and breathing difficulty recurred within a few months of each treatment. The dog was euthanatized 5 months after the last treatment because of progressive tracheal compression and pulmonary metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Radioactive iodine treatment of a functional thyroid carcinoma producing hyperthyroidism in a dog. 292 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>