Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six patients who originally received radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease or primary gastric lymphoma developed radiation injury of the stomach requiring surgical management. Only two of these patients had evidence of gastric neoplastic involvement at the time of treatment. Experience with these patients leads us to draw the following conclusions: (1) Symptoms of radiation injury mimic those of recurrent neoplastic disease. (2) The effects of radiation are progressive and may be resistant to medical management. (3) The indications for surgical management include perforation, hemorrhage, obstruction, intractable pain, fistula formation, and inability to rule out recurrence. (4) Parenteral hyperalimentation can be an important adjunct in preparing debilitated patients for operation. (5) Gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy is the preferred operation. (6) Frozen section examination can be useful in determining the proper level of resection.
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PMID:Gastric complications after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas. 57 92

Long-term indwelling central venous catheters have eased the administration of drugs, blood products, and hyperalimentation to patients with cancer. However, their use is associated with thrombotic complications. We report here on the thrombotic complications prospectively observed in 46 patients with refractory lymphoma (22 Hodgkin's disease, 24 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) who had placement of one or more catheters in preparation for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Thrombosis of 26 catheters in 19 patients was observed. Specific abnormalities of hemostasis were equally common in patients who developed thrombosis and in those who did not. Thrombotic complications were more common in patients with Hodgkin's disease (13/22) than in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6/24, p = 0.04). Although more patients with Hodgkin's disease had received prior splenectomy and/or irradiation to the area involved by thrombosis than patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the incidence of splenectomy and irradiation was similar for patients with Hodgkin's disease who developed thrombosis and those who did not. Therefore, although the etiology remains unexplained, patients with Hodgkin's disease undergoing intensive chemotherapy and ASCT appear to have a higher incidence of catheter-related thrombosis than patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing similar therapy.
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PMID:Catheter-related thrombosis in patients with refractory lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. 167 22

A 64-year-old man presented with mediastinal and bilateral hilar adenopathy, and a biopsy of a scalene node revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. One week after a cycle of combination chemotherapy, he developed an esophagobronchial fistula. Following a resolution of pneumonia by antibiotics, a cervical esophagostomy was made and, after the improvement of his general condition with parenteral hyperalimentation, he was given one course of combination chemotherapy which was continued until the mediastinal lymph node shadow completely disappeared. A subcutaneous bypass operation was performed on the stomach. After receiving one more cycle of intensification chemotherapy, he was discharged. Three months later, a bronchoscopy showed healing of the fistula. Nine months postoperatively, there is no evidence of the lymphoma or the esophagobronchial fistula recurring. Esophageal involvement is rare in malignant lymphoma and this is only the sixth reported case of esophageal fistula of the respiratory tract in association with lymphoma, and just the second to be treated successfully.
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PMID:Mediastinal malignant lymphoma complicated with esophagobronchial fistula: successfully treated case. 369 29

Casitas b-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) is a multiadaptor protein with E3-ubiquitin ligase activity involved in regulating the degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases. We have recently reported that c-Cbl(-/-) mice exhibit a lean phenotype and enhanced peripheral insulin action likely due to elevated energy expenditure. In the study reported here, we examined the effect of a high-fat diet on energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism in these animals. When c-Cbl(-/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks, they maintained hyperphagia, higher whole-body oxygen consumption (27%), and greater activity (threefold) compared with wild-type animals fed the same diet. In addition, the activity of several enzymes involved in mitochondrial fat oxidation and the phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase was significantly increased in muscle of high-fat-fed c-Cbl-deficient mice, indicating a greater capacity for fat oxidation in these animals. As a result of these differences, fat-fed c-Cbl(-/-) mice were 30% leaner than wild-type animals and were protected against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. These studies are consistent with a role for c-Cbl in regulating nutrient partitioning in skeletal muscle and emphasize the potential of c-Cbl as a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Casitas b-lineage lymphoma-deficient mice are protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. 1650 34

We report the successful management of multiple small-bowel perforations caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a 60-year-old man, 1 day after CHOP (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone) therapy induction for malignant lymphoma. Emergency laparotomy was performed for perforative peritonitis, but we did not resect the lesions at this time. Instead, we exteriorized the small bowel and then irrigated the peritoneal cavity and intestinal tract. His white blood cell count was low, at 200 cells/microl, so this therapy was continued until it recovered. The intestine was highly edematous, but it improved after irrigation with peritoneal dialysis solution. In the second-stage procedure, we resected the small bowel with the perforations, and constructed a jejunostomy and colostomy, then closed the abdominal cavity. Although the patient needed central venous hyperalimentation, he had a favorable postoperative course and started treatment again for the malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:Successful treatment of multiple small-bowel perforations caused by cytomegalovirus in a patient with malignant lymphoma: report of a case. 1699 90

Mitochondria play critical roles in oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism. Increasing evidence supports that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and dysfunction play vital roles in the development of many mitochondria-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, infertility, neurodegenerative disorders, and malignant tumors in humans. Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) transgenic (TG) mice were produced by nuclear microinjection. Transgene integration was analyzed by PCR. Transgene expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial DNA damage was analyzed by mutational analyses and measurement of mtDNA copy number. Total fat content was measured by a whole-body scan using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The hOGG1 overexpression in mitochondria increased the abundance of intracellular free radicals and major deletions in mtDNA. Obesity in hOGG1 TG mice resulted from increased fat content in tissues, produced by hyperphagia. The molecular mechanisms of obesity involved overexpression of genes in the central orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) pathway, peripheral lipogenesis, down-regulation of genes in the central anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) pathway, peripheral adaptive thermogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. Diffuse hepatosteatosis, female infertility, and increased frequency of malignant lymphoma were also seen in these hOGG1 TG mice. High levels of hOGG1 expression in mitochondria, resulting in enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing, may be an important factor in human metabolic syndrome, infertility, and malignancy.
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PMID:Obesity and hepatosteatosis in mice with enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing in mitochondria. 2143 53

Hypothalamic obesity syndrome can affect brain tumor patients following surgical intervention and irradiation. This syndrome is rare at diagnosis in childhood cancer, but has been reported with relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we present a case of hypothalamic obesity syndrome as the primary presentation of a toddler found to have CNS+ B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cytogenetic studies on diagnostic cerebrospinal fluid revealed MLL gene rearrangement (11q23). Hyperphagia and obesity dramatically improved following induction and consolidation chemotherapy. We describe a novel presentation of hypothalamic obesity syndrome in CNS B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, responsive to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Hypothalamic obesity syndrome: rare presentation of CNS+ B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. 2221 12

A 94-year-old female patient presented with anorexia and left axillar lymphadenopathy on admission. Her past history was angina pectoris at 83 years of age and total gastrectomy due to gastric cancer at 87 years. The family history revealed that her son had had a malignant lymphoma, the histopathological diagnosis of which was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A physical examination showed both cervical, axillar, and inguinal lymphadenopathy without tenderness. She had elevated lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R). Whole-body computed tomography confirmed the cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Gallium-68 imaging revealed positive accumulation in these superficial lymph nodes. A right inguinal lymph node biopsy showed features of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder. Immunohistological studies on this lymph node biopsy showed CD20-positive large cells, CD3-positive small cells, and CD30-partly-positive large cells. In situ hybridization showed Epstein-Barr virus-positive, LMP-partly-positive, and EBNA2-negative cells. She refused chemotherapy as her son had died from hematemesis during chemotherapy. She received intravenous hyperalimentation for 1 month after admission. No palpable lymph nodes were identified by physical examination or computed tomography 3 months after admission, and regression of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and sIL-2R was observed. She recovered from anorexia and was discharged. She died from pneumonia 10 months later after initial symptoms of anorexia. The autopsy showed no superficial lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:Spontaneous remission of epstein-barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly. 2374 Dec 22

Chemotherapy protocols for canine lymphoma include the routine use of glucocorticoids for their lympholytic effect. However, glucocorticoids are associated with side effects (e.g. polyphagia, polyuria, and weight gain), limit the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and can induce drug transporter expression that could lead to drug resistance. Despite these negative effects, there are no data to support the use of glucocorticoids as part of a multidrug chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of canine lymphoma. A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 81 dogs with multicentric lymphoma and no history of recent glucocorticoid use. All dogs were staged and treated with the same chemotherapy protocol (L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) with half of the dogs receiving prednisolone. Both treatment groups were similar with respect to demographics, immunophenotype, and clinical stage, except for a higher number of substage b patients in the prednisolone group (5 vs. 14; P=0.015). Treatment results obtained with the initial treatment (complete response rate 75%, disease-free period 176 days) and rescue treatment (complete response rate 45%, disease-free period 133 days), overall survival (283 days) and adverse events (number and grade) were similar for both groups. In conclusion, prednisolone, as part of a multidrug chemotherapy protocol, has no additional effect on treatment results and can be omitted from first-line multidrug protocols used for the treatment of canine lymphoma.
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PMID:Prednisolone inclusion in a first-line multidrug cytostatic protocol for the treatment of canine lymphoma does not affect therapy results. 2374 72

A 37-year-old Hispanic man with a right atrial intracardiac mass diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was successfully treated with surgery and chemotherapy. During 4 years, several total-body positron emission tomography and MRI scans showed no extracardiac lymphoma. On year 5 after the cardiac surgery, patient presented with sleepiness, hyperphagia, memory loss, confabulation, dementia and diabetes insipidus. Brain MRI showed a single hypothalamic recurrence of the original lymphoma that responded to high-dose methotrexate treatment. Correction of diabetes insipidus improved alertness but amnesia and cognitive deficits persisted, including incapacity to read and write. This case illustrates two unusual locations of DLBCL: primary cardiac lymphoma and hypothalamus. We emphasise the importance of third ventricle tumours as causing amnesia, confabulation, behavioural changes, alexia-agraphia, endocrine disorders and alterations of the circadian rhythm of wakefulness-sleep secondary to lesions of specific hypothalamic nuclei and disruption of hypothalamic-thalamic circuits.
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PMID:Hypothalamic relapse of a cardiac large B-cell lymphoma presenting with memory loss, confabulation, alexia-agraphia, apathy, hypersomnia, appetite disturbances and diabetes insipidus. 3015 Mar 29


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