Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
 ...
PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

Radioactive iodine (131I) was used in the treatment of a 12-year-old female dog with hyperthyroidism resulting from a large, unresectable (and metastatic) thyroid carcinoma associated with signs of severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, nervousness) and high basal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, as well as thyroid radioiodine kinetic studies that showed a high radioiodine uptake into the thyroid (% thyroid uptake) and markedly increased serum concentrations of protein-bound iodine-131 (PB131I) after 131I tracer injection. Thyroid imaging revealed diffuse radionuclide accumulation by the tumor, which involved both thyroid lobes. The dog was treated with three large doses of radioiodine (131I), ranging from 60 to 75 mCi, given at intervals of 5 to 7 months. The dog became euthyroid, and the size of the tumor decreased by approximately 25% after each 131I treatment, improving the severe inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, but both the hyperthyroid state and breathing difficulty recurred within a few months of each treatment. The dog was euthanatized 5 months after the last treatment because of progressive tracheal compression and pulmonary metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Radioactive iodine treatment of a functional thyroid carcinoma producing hyperthyroidism in a dog. 292 18

Fifty-nine patients with both clinical evidence of thyroid dysfunction and patent diabetes mellitus were investigated in our diabetology department. Patients with euthyroid goitre and iatrogenic or pituitary hypothyroidism were excluded from the study. Among the 45 diabetics with hyperthyroidism, 32 had Graves' disease and 13 had toxic adenoma; 71% were insulin-treated. Hyperthyroidism had passed unnoticed in 7 of these 32 patients because fatigue and loss of weight, which initially were the predominant or sole symptoms, are extremely frequent in uncontrolled diabetes. These symptoms, as well as polyuria, polyphagia and even sweating are common to both diseases. Considerable deterioration in the control of glycaemia was observed in 63% of the insulin-treated patients when hyperthyroidism developed, with a 17 to 212% (mean 82%) increase in insulin dosage in 53%. There was no correlation between the degree of hyperthyroidism and the loss of control. Following treatment of the hyperthyroidism, control was improved in 63%, with an 11-83% (mean 44%) decrease in insulin dosage in 59% of them. Insulin therapy could be withdrawn in only one of the 32 insulin-treated patients. Non-iatrogenic primary hypothyroidism was found in 0.2% of the diabetics investigated. This incidence was significantly higher than the calculated probability of the two diseases occurring by chance in the same patient. Eleven out of 14 patients were insulin-treated. When hypothyroidism developed, 73% of them had their insulin dosage reduced, with a high frequency of hypoglycaemic disorders: repeated "malaise" in 55% and coma in 27%. A higher proportion of vitiligo was also noted: 14% in the total patient population reported, and 18% in insulin-treated patients.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of clinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on patent diabetes. 59 cases]. 315 40

Severe hyperemesis gravidarum has often been associated with elevated thyroid function. However, it has not been determined whether establishing euthyroidism will result in prompt resolution of nausea and vomiting. We report here a gravida with severe intractable hyperemesis gravidarum requiring four months of parenteral hyperalimentation. This patient consistently demonstrated biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism with no symptoms and signs other than nausea and vomiting. Although no parenteral form of antithyroid medication is commercially available, methimazole suppositories were developed and administered until thyroid function tests normalized. Despite euthyroidism, nausea and vomiting continued unabated. After delivery, both the elevated thyroid function and the nausea and vomiting resolved within three days.
 ...
PMID:Prompt resolution of hyperthyroidism and hyperemesis gravidarum after delivery. 337 17

Charts of 28 hyperthyroid patients over 60 years old were retrospectively analyzed and compared with charts of 14 patients under 30 years old. The mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 16 months in the elderly and five months in the younger group. Heart rate was substantially lower in the older (107 beats/min) vs younger (117 beats/min) study group. The symptom of weakness or fatigue was more prevalent in the elderly group (94 percent) than in the younger group (57 percent). Cardiac palpitation was more prevalent in the elderly patients whereas insomnia, irritability, dysphagia, hyperphagia, and heat intolerance were more prevalent in the younger patients. Fifty percent of the elderly patients complained of chest pain. Cachexia (62 percent), thin, fine hair (50 percent), and weakness (58 percent) were prominent physical findings in the elderly group. Twenty-six percent of the elderly patients had atrial fibrillation. These findings confirm previous studies that show some differences in presentation of hyperthyroidism in elderly patients when compared with younger patients. The authors recommend that thyroid function tests be obtained for broad indications in the elderly.
 ...
PMID:Thyrotoxicosis in the elderly. 664 37

Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 131 cats during a 3 1/2-year period. The cats ranged in age from 6 to 20 years; there was no breed or sex predilection. The most frequent clinical signs included weight loss, polyphagia, increased activity, polydipsia, polyuria, and vomiting. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high values for alkaline phosphatase activity (75%), lactate dehydrogenase activity (66%), aspartate transaminase activity (66%), and alanine transaminase activity (54%). Electrocardiographic changes included tachycardia (greater than or equal to 240 beats/min) and increased R-wave amplitude in lead II (greater than or equal to 0.9 mV) in 66% and 29% of the 131 cats, respectively. Thoracic radiography in 82 cats revealed cardiomegaly in 40 (49%) of these cats; 16 cats with congestive heart failure also had pulmonary edema or pleural effusion. In 5 cats with markedly increased fecal volume, mean 48-hour fecal fat content was significantly greater than normal, with daily fat excretion 2 to 15 times the upper limit of normal. Base-line serum thyroxine concentrations were increased above normal range in all cats, whereas triiodothyronine concentrations were increased in 127 (97%) of the 131 cats. In 11 cats tested, mean thyroxine concentration did not increase significantly after thyroid-stimulating hormone administration. Mean 24-hour percentage of thyroid radioiodine uptake in 32 hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (39.1%) than normal (9.2%). Thyroid scans, performed on 126 cats, showed enlargement and increased radionuclide accumulation in 1 thyroid lobe in 36 (29%) and both lobes in 90 (71%) of the cats.
 ...
PMID:Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases. 687 10

Recent evidence indicates that the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains both neurons that produce thyrotropic releasing hormone (TRH) and neurons that are destroyed or disconnected by the knife cuts that produce hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity. This, and other evidence, suggested linkage between thyroid regulation and appetite control. As predicted, hyperthyroidism potentiated and hypothyroidism tempered the weight gains of knife cut rats. However, these effects were due entirely to increased and decreased, respectively, linear growth, not to differences in the degree of obesity. Enhanced linear growth and elevated growth hormone levels are a minor component of the enhanced weight gain of hypothalamically knife cut rats. Most of the weight gain is due to fat deposition. Only the enhanced linear growth and growth hormone aspect appear to possibly be mediated via the thyroid. In addition, obesifying knife cuts did not reduce goiterogenesis in PTU treated rats, as would be expected if the elaboration of TRH were blocked by obesifying knife cuts. Thus, neither TRH nor thyroxine is involved in the etiology of hypothalamic obesity.
 ...
PMID:Hypothalamic knife cut obesity in hyper or hypothyroid rats. 740 1

It is well known that serum IGF-I concentrations are regulated endocrinologically since IGF-I has a growth-promoting action as a mediator of growth hormone. However, recent reports suggest that nutritional states influence serum IGF-I concentration because IGF-I shows anabolic effects like insulin. The aim of this study was to clarify the influences of maternal nutritional states or metabolism on the IGF-I concentrations in normal and abnormal pregnancy. In normal pregnant women, a significant positive correlation was indicated between serum IGF-I concentrations and maternal weight gain during pregnancy or serum triglyceride levels, and a significant negative correlation was observed between serum IGF-I concentrations and serum total protein levels. In the cases complicated with hyperemesis or hyperthyroidism during early gestation, a marked reduction of maternal body weight was observed, and serum IGF-I concentration was extremely low compared with that in normal pregnant women, but serum IGF-I levels gradually increased as the maternal body weight recovered after treatment by intravenous hyperalimentation or an anti-thyroid drug. In cases of severe toxemia of pregnancy, maternal weight gain and serum triglyceride levels were markedly increased, but serum IGF-I levels were significantly lower compared with those in normal pregnant women in the same gestational age. In severe toxemia of pregnancy, there was no significant correlation between serum IGF-I levels and maternal weight gain or serum triglyceride levels, and these results may be influenced by such abnormalities as water retention, hemoconcentration, severe hypoproteinemia and severe negative nitrogen balance not found in normal pregnancy. In conclusion, it is considered that IGF-I concentration is regulated not only by endocrinological factors, but also by metabolic factors in maternal circulation during pregnancy, and the measurement of maternal IGF-I concentration seems to be a useful parameter to evaluate the maternal nutritional states.
 ...
PMID:[Maternal nutritional states and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in normal and abnormal pregnancy]. 795 9

Adrenaline and noradrenaline, the main effectors of the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla, respectively, are thought to control adiposity and energy balance through several mechanisms. They promote catabolism of triglycerides and glycogen, stimulate food intake when injected into the central nervous system, activate thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, and regulate heat loss through modulation of peripheral vasoconstriction and piloerection. Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue occurs in response to cold and overeating (diet induced), and there is an inverse relationship between diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity both in humans and in animal models. As a potential model for obesity, we generated mice that cannot synthesize noradrenaline or adrenaline by inactivating the gene that encodes dopamine beta-hydroxylase. These mice are cold intolerant because they have impaired peripheral vasoconstriction and are unable to induce thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue through uncoupling protein (UCP1). The mutants have increased food intake but do not become obese because their basal metabolic rate is also elevated. The unexpected increase in basal metabolic rate is not due to hyperthyroidism, compensation by the widely expressed uncoupling protein UCP2, or shivering.
 ...
PMID:Thermoregulatory and metabolic phenotypes of mice lacking noradrenaline and adrenaline. 913 19

A 13-year-old neutered female domestic shorthaired cat had progressive ventral abdominal alopecia attributed initially to hyperthyroidism. Corrective treatment by unilateral thyroidectomy did not, however, resolve the dermatosis and the alopecia progressed to involve the whole ventral trunk, the lower limbs and the head. Pruritus of the lower limbs was a prominent feature and was associated with the finding of Malassezia on cytology; Malassezia-associated dermatitis was diagnosed. Resolution of pruritus was seen after treatment with oral ketoconazole and a cleansing shampoo to eliminate the yeast, but severe polyphagia, small intestinal diarrhoea and polydipsia developed subsequently and the cat was euthanased. Necropsy revealed an exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma with hepatic metastases. The pancreatic, hepatic and dermatological lesions were found to be typical of feline paraneoplastic alopecia (FPA). Malassezia-associated dermatitis can be associated with pruritus in cats with FPA.
 ...
PMID:A case of feline paraneoplastic alopecia with secondary Malassezia-associated dermatitis. 974 76


1 2 3 Next >>