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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vascular accidents represent one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in France at the present time, and factors increasing the risk of such lesions are well documented: hypertension, smoking, and metabolic disorders (lipids, glucides, uric acid). Though genetic factors are definitely involved, most of them are acquired and related to our way of life, our type of civilisation, and, more particularly, to overeating and a sedentary life. Regular physical exercise of sufficient degree can considerably reduce the various factors which increase risk and, at the same time, diminish the frequency of these very serious vascular accidents.
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PMID:[Athletic activities and prevention of vascular risk factors]. 21 96

Although human need for various nutrients is well-established, the exact requirements for the different nutrients are not well-known. Nutrient requirements are affected by genetics; environment; nature of the diet; and hemeostatic demands under changing physiological conditions expressed as growth, reproduction and response to the stress of injury or disease. Pregnant and lactating women should be properly nourished if well-nourished infants are desired. Nutrient and energy needs are considerably increased during pregnancy and lactation. The most rapid growth of infants occurs during the 1st 4 to 6 months of life. Because of the many advantages of breast milk over artificial milk, full-term newborn infants should be breastfed, unless there are specific contraindications or breastfeeding is unsuccessful. The American Medical Association (AMA) urges that better efforts be made to educate the public and the medical profession as to the advantages of breastfeeding. The 4th to the 6th months of life constitute the transitional period in infant feeding. The baby should be introduced to single-ingredient foods in small quantities, one at a time, to isolate food sensitivities. Good eating habits can be formed early in life through the proper and gradual introduction of varied and nutritional meal patterns. Energy balance is a nutritional problem in late childhood and once maturity is achieved, while calorically and nutritionally inadequate diets are a growing concern for the elderly. Immoderate eating habits (e.g., overeating) may aggravate or contribute to the development of degenerative diseases and should be discouraged. The AMA recommends that the American public focus on the achievement and maintenance of the most desirable body weight through a proper combination of dietary control and exercise. Specific dietary modifications (sodium restriction, weight control) are necessary in the management of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart diseases and other medical problems. The medical profession should assume a more active role in teaching people how to achieve and maintain good health habits through behavioral modification.
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PMID:American Medical Association concepts of nutrition and health. Council on Scientific Affairs. 49 Aug 37

Issuing from the present state of the influence of the basic nutritive substances (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and various nutritive factors discussed again and again (cholesterol, erucaic acid, sodium, calcium/magnesium quotient, pressor amines) on the development of the arteriosclerosis, the indididual factors of influence are critically evaluated. The investigations are getting under way, so that ascertained results are standing beside insufficiently claified or open problems, From the abundance of the observations conclusions are drawn which are of significance for practice. Unfavourable influences of nutrition on the factors of risk (hyperlipoproteinaemia, disturbance of the carbohydrate tolerance, hyperuricaemia, hyperalimentation) and on the manifest diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, uric arthritis, obesity) of the metabolic syndrome which finally contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis are emphasized. In front of this background a clinically and ambulatorily tested basic metabolic diet is described. About 20% of the energy content (kcal or kJ) of this diet are protein, 35% fat and 45% are carbohydrates. The saturated fatty acids lie below 30%, the manifold saturated fatty acids, however, above 20% of the total fat proportion. The cholesterol content is below 400 mg, the purin-nitrogen below 200 mg, and the sodium content is about 2g per day. This diet can be produced for the treatment of persons with normal weight and overweight in different energetic degradations.
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PMID:[Nutrition and arteriosclerosis]. 70

Japan has been experiencing ever more rapid socioeconomic development and changes in eating habit, especially in children, since the end of the Second World War. These occurrences (westernized life style) have greatly affected the growth of Japanese. Nutrition is the most important factor in promoting the physical growth in childhood during food supply shortage, and for a relatively short term the secular trend in linear growth will reach a plateau if the food supply is adequate, but the secular trend is also limited. Since the condition for this limitation should be comprised by genetic factors, we are most interested in investigating and analyzing these genetic factors in the near future. Overeating adversely affects growth in childhood, with most common representatives of these ill effects being atherogenic risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia.
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PMID:Nutrition and the secular trend of growth. 129 20

Thirty-one abdominal fascial wound dehiscences occurred in 2,761 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery during a 5-year period (1%). Twenty-two specific local and systemic risk factors were analyzed and compared with the risk factors of a control group of 38 patients undergoing similar procedures without dehiscence. Through multivariate analysis, each factor was assessed as an independent statistical variable. Significant factors (p less than 0.05) were found to include age over 65, wound infection, pulmonary disease, hemodynamic instability, and ostomies in the incision. Additional systemic risk factors that were found to be significant included hypoproteinemia, systemic infection, obesity, uremia, hyperalimentation, malignancy, ascites, steroid use, and hypertension. Risk factors not found to be important independent variables included sex, type of incision, type of closure, foreign body in the wound, anemia, jaundice, and diabetes. When dehiscence and control groups were combined, 30% of patients with at least five significant risk factors developed dehiscence, and all the patients with more than eight risk factors developed a wound dehiscence. There was an overall mortality of 29%, which was directly related to the number of significant risk factors. The co-existence of 9 risk factors portended death in one third of the patients, and all the patients with more than 10 risk factors died.
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PMID:Factors influencing wound dehiscence. 832 36

Dopamine, an ancestral catecholamine, is physiologically natriuretic and vasodilating, thus essentially protecting against hypertension. Its actions are overshadowed by the opposite effects of its main biological partner, norepinephrine, and this is accentuated with aging. Clinical observations combined with molecular biology approaches to catecholamine-synthesizing and catecholamine-metabolizing enzymes and receptors permit the identification of some inborn defects. Subtle changes in the dopamine-norepinephrine balance may account for the enhanced peripheral noradrenergic activity seen in the setting of decreased dopaminergic activity in advanced age. These changes may contribute to the diminished ability of the aged kidney to excrete a salt load, as well as to the finding that systolic blood pressure increases with age in populations with a high, but not in those with a low, intake of salt. The attainment of advanced age in Western societies with adverse lifestyle changes (mental rather than physical stress, excess salt intake, overeating, sedentarism) appears to facilitate the development of hypertension. The adaptation to all the preceding lifestyle changes necessitates an increased dopamine generation, which may initially compensate to maintain appropriate natriuresis and vasodilation since many patients with initial borderline essential hypertension express their sympathetic hyperfunction, in addition to increased norepinephrine release, by excessive dopamine release. However, the progression of hypertension is accompanied by a peripheral dopaminergic deficiency and diminished ability to excrete salt. This may represent an eventual inadequacy of a phylogenetically redundant system resulting in decreased natriuresis and vasodilation and may account for the responsiveness of established chronic hypertension to salt restriction, diuretics, and dopaminomimetic medication.
Hypertension 1991 Dec
PMID:Peripheral dopamine in pathophysiology of hypertension. Interaction with aging and lifestyle. 168 57

Acupuncture and moxibustion is one of the important therapies in TCM for treating obese. The authors have treated 41 simple obese patients complicated with hypertension by acupuncture and moxibustion which obtained good results. In the treating group, a total effective rate was 87.8% (36 cases). For the purpose of understanding regulatory effect of acupuncture and moxibustion, the authors have observed the obesity indices, the lipid indices (TC, TG, VLDL-C, TC/HDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and AI), the physiological indices (saliva secretion, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature) and the energy metabolism indices (BMR) in the simple obese complicated with hypertension before and after the acupuncture and moxibustion. The results showed that the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion could have good results. At the same time, there were the benign regulatory effect of acupuncture and moxibustion in the overeating, the blood pressure, the vegetative nervous indexes, the lipid level and the energy metabolism.
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PMID:[Regulatory effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on simple obese complicated with hypertension]. 226 37

Individuals with cystic fibrosis have a 1% to 7% incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The occurrence of diabetic microangiopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis has been reported recently. From 1978 to 1987, 19 patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus were followed up. Four patients (21%) had evidence of diabetic microangiopathy. In one, peripheral neuropathy developed 5 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus, and the other 3 patients each had complications of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy which developed 10 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus. All were poorly compliant in their medical care. Significant morbidity was seen in the 3 patients with multisystem involvement--blindness, glaucoma, hypertension, and renal failure. The combination of long-standing diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control, plus pathophysiologic features associated with cystic fibrosis may have contributed to the development of microangiopathy. The use of steroids in 4 other patients and dextrose infusions (as part of hyperalimentation) in another 4 patients precipitated or exacerbated diabetes. The data indicate that diabetic microangiopathy can occur in the individual with cystic fibrosis. Routine screening for diabetes and its complications in the population with cystic fibrosis, as well as optimal control of hyperglycemia, is warranted.
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PMID:Diabetic microangiopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis. 278 Jan 26

The association of hypertension with obesity has long been recognized; however, because of the lack of suitable animal models of obesity and hypertension, the pathogenesis of the high blood pressure associated with obesity remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the Zucker fatty rat, a widely studied model of obesity and insulin resistance, might also be characterized by hypertension. Mean arterial pressure directly measured in the unanesthetized, unrestrained obese (fatty) Zucker rat was significantly greater than in two strains of nonobese control rats, the lean Zucker rat and the Lewis rat. The greater blood pressure in the obese rats was not dependent on hyperphagia or increased body weight per se since moderate caloric restriction, achieved by pair-feeding with lean rats, decreased weight gain but did not attenuate hypertension. Pair-fed obese rats retained less sodium than lean control rats, suggesting that greater blood pressure in the obese rats is not a consequence of increased renal retention of sodium. A unique feature of the Zucker strain is that the increased blood pressure appears to be specifically associated with the obese genotype. The findings suggest that the obese Zucker rat might provide a useful experimental model of obesity and hypertension.
Hypertension 1989 Jun
PMID:The Zucker fatty rat as a genetic model of obesity and hypertension. 278 48

The factors that influence the progression of renal failure in analgesic-associated nephropathy (AAN) still remain to be clarified. In this study, the actual analgesic intake (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, NAPAP, i.e. acetaminophen in urine) and progression of renal failure (1/crea method) in 127 outpatients with various renal diseases were investigated over a period of 7-150 months. AAN was diagnosed in 57 of the 127 patients (44%). The NAPAP test was positive in 21% of the 57 AAN patients and in 3% of the 70 control patients with other renal diseases (p = 0.0001). The AAN patients presented with more advanced renal insufficiency, lost more weight, and had more severe hypertension as well as a higher mortality rate than the control patients (univariate analysis). Progression of renal insufficiency, as measured by regression analysis of the reciprocal of serum creatinine versus time and expressed as clearance loss per year, was more rapid in the AAN patients who were found positive for NAPAP (6.9 +/- 5.5 ml/min/year) than in the AAN patients who were found negative (4.1 +/- 11.0 ml/min/year) or in control patients with other renal diseases (5.1 +/- 14.9 ml/min/year). Multivariate analysis showed the more rapid clearance loss to be the most discriminating factor between the AAN patients who continued analgesic abuse of phenacetin-or acetaminophen-containing drugs and AAN patients who stopped. We therefore conclude that continued analgesic abuse promotes renal insufficiency in AAN. The progression of renal failure in AAN patients who stopped abusing analgesics, however, cannot be explained within the parameters investigated, i.e. urinary tract infection, hypertension, hyperalimentation, or papillary necrosis.
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PMID:Progression of renal failure in analgesic-associated nephropathy. 279 44


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