Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a bias in secondary literature sources, such as MEDLINE, that results in an information gap on enteral hyperalimentation. This gap accentuates the problem of locating papers on enteral hyperalimentation with medical foods, a problem shared by physicians, dietitians, pharmacists, and information scientists. A complete information package on enteral hyperalimentation with chemically defined elemental diets was identified and collected for use in determining the characteristics of that literature. Less than 20 journal titles contain over half of the published papers which are predominantly published in English from research done in the United States. As the medical community's interest in the enteral route for hyperalimentation escalates, so does its need for information in this vital patient support area. Any possible hindrance to obtaining access to published information should be recognized and challenged.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of the enteral hyperalimentation literature. 11 67

Enteral hyperalimentation in four patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis and anorexia increased spontaneous food intake, increased their nitrogen balance and the patients improved clinically. Seven patients with alcoholic hepatitis, who were clinically ill and able to eat only 410-1,100 calories per day, were given a 900 mosM/l. parenteral "hyperalimentation" solution by a peripheral vein (P-900). The intravenous nutrition provided daily 51.6-77.4 gm. amino acids in addition to oral intake. All patients improved. None developed detectable encephalopathy after 16-42 days of P-900 therapy. Five additional patients had ascites and alcoholic hepatitis. The daily infusion of 2,000 ml. P-900 was not associated with hyponatremia, renal failure or encephalopathy in four of these five patients who improved and continued their diuresis. P-900 therapy was discontinued in one because of progressive hyponatremia. The observations indicate that over and above the maximum tolerable oral nutrition, intravenous nutrition can be effectively utilized by clinically ill, jaundiced patients with alcoholic hepatitis without precipitating encephalopathy or interference with standard therapy of ascites.
 ...
PMID:Hyperalimentation in alcoholic hepatitis. 11 34

The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation with essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose on nitrogen metabolism, total body urea and creatinine was studied in 16 patients with end-stage renal disease prior to and after bilateral nephrectomy, splenectomy and appendectomy. Parenteral essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose are effective in lowering blood urea nitrogen in anephric patients who are incapable of improving renal function. The inclusion of essential amino acids in hypertonic dextrose increases nutritional value far beyond that which can be attributed to the caloric concentration of the amino acids themselves.
 ...
PMID:Parenteral nutrition with essential amino acids in pretransplantation anephrics. 12 7

The use of a standardized hyperalimentation solution that can be modified is discussed. A comparison of in-hospital addition of electrolytes with factor addition of electrolytes is presented, in which both solutions are acceptable to patients and in which the labor and cost to the pharmacy are decreased in the factory-mixed additives.
 ...
PMID:The use of a simplified standardized hyperalimentation formula. 12 8

Septal destruction and ovariectomy each influenced food intake and body weight differentially. Animals sustaining septal damage ingested significantly more food than the other groups, and septal hyperphagia persisted for as long as 109 days. Ovarian hyperphagia did not occur under conditions of constant illumination. Septal destruction exerted essentially no effect on body weight, while ovariectomy substantially increased body weight. Sequential surgical manipulations provided further evidence that the ovaries and the septum influence food intake and body weight via independent mechanisms. Results indicated that the septal and ovarian effects on water intake are not mediated via independent mechanisms. Septal and ovarian hyperdipsia were found to be very robust effects occurring regardless of the lighting regimen. It was further demonstrated that ovarian hyperdipsia is not secondary to food intake but rather is primary hyperdipsia.
 ...
PMID:Effects of septal damage and ovariectomy on feeding, drinking and body weight. 12 11

The effects of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions were studied in female rats made diabetic with streptozotocin that were given twice daily injections of protamine zinc insulin (0.75 mu/100g/day) and in non-diabetic animals of the same sex. Hyperphagia resulted from VMH lesions in both diabetic animals whose insulin levels were controlled and in non-diabetic animals. All animals with lesions exhibited persistent increases in feeding during the light protion of the light-dark cycle. Significant increases in body weight gain were observed in both diabetic and non-diabetic lesioned animals, but the magnitude of wegith gain was greater after VMH lesions in non-diabetic rats. VMH lesions also reduced wood-gnawing and increased emotionality, aversion to quinine and reactivity to electric shock. None of the behavioral changes were dependent on hyperinsulinemia, although hyperinsulinemia may contribute to the magnitude of certain of these effects.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral changes following VMH lesions in rats with controlled insulin levels. 12 24

A high-output gastrointestinal fistula is a surgical catastrophe of the first order of magnitude. Previously associated with an extraordinarily high mortality, the advent of parentaeral nutrition has markedly altered the management of these fistulas. Malnutrition and electrolyte imbalance formerly were the causes of death in the majority of patients. At the present time the mortality rate has decreased from approximately 40-60% to 6-20%, depending on the series. a suggested plan of therapy for high-output gastrointestinal fistulas is outlined. Good local care, sump drainage and nutritional support with or without the use of appropriate antibiotics, depending on the circumstances, are the keystones of management. Radiologic definition of the fistula is of primary importance. Certain criteria by which one may predict fistula closure aare outlined. The emphasis in this chapter is on an attempt at spontaneous closure with parenteral nutrition. In the event that this in not achieved, complete exclusion of the fistula from the gastrointestinal tract, either by excision or by total bypass, is mandatory to achieve satisfactory results. Causes of death remain sepsis and peritonitis related to the fistula, but an occasional patient will succumb to massive bleeding. Catheter-related sepsis and complications of hyperalimentation are largely preventable, and steps to prevent such complications are outlined.
 ...
PMID:The management of high-output intestinal fistulas. 12 23

A 39-year-old woman who had previously undergone a jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity was receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. The patient developed allergic vasculitis while receiving fluid which contained a multi-vitamin solution. Rechallenge with this preparation resulted in an exacerbation of her skin lesions. The possible role of such additives in the development of unusual hypersensitivity reactions is discussed.
 ...
PMID:The role of additives in allergic vasculitis during intravenous hyperalimentation. 12 90

Loss of brain serotonin was associated with overeating and increased body weight. Rats injected with p-chlorophenylalanine intraventricularly began overeating after 3 days and continued to display marked hyperphagia, primarily in the daytime, accompanied by increased body weight for 1 to 2 weeks. The effect was related to drug dose and to the degree and duration of serotonin depletion. Norepinephrine and dopamine levels were not significantly affected. It is concluded that p-chlorophenylalanine disinhibits feeding, as it does a number of other behaviors, by depleting serotonin. This suggests that hypothalamic lesions or dietary deficiencies which selectively and sufficiently deplete serotonin would lead to overeating.
 ...
PMID:Hyperphagia and obesity following serotonin depletion by intraventricular p-chlorophenylalanine. 13 Jun 78

Primary hypersecretion of insulin has been suggested as one possibility for the genetic fault of ob/ob mice. To test this hypothesis, streptozotocin (SZO) was used to reduce permanently insulin secretion in young lean and obese mice. After establishment of hyperglycaemia and weight reduction in treated obese mice (obese-SZO), daily insulin replacment was begun in some (obese-SZO-Ins). Obese-SZO mice maintained insulin levels and body weights similar to lean controls, though they were shorter and fatter, while food intake and blood sugar levels exceeded lean values. Obese-SZO-Ins mice with reduced islet hyperplasia, but great insulin resistance, gained more weight than obese-SZO mice; had high serum insulin and controlled blood glucose; and exhibited hyperphagia. These results suggest that primary hypersecretion of insulin cannot be the genetic defect, as ob/ob mice are hyperphagic, hyperglycaemic, insulin resistant, and "obese" even when insulin levels are restricted.
 ...
PMID:Effects of long-term restricted insulin production in obese-hyperglycemic (genotype ob/ob) mice. 13 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>