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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nutritional and immunological status of 140 malnourished cancer patients who were to receive intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) were evaluated prior to treatment with IVH and chemotherapy (CMX), surgery or radiation therapy (XRT). Subsequently, these indices were correlated with responses to treatment. Cell-mediated immunocompetent (CMI+) patients (41%) had lost an average weight of 10 +/- 2.2 lbs., while cell-mediated immunoincompetent (CMI-) patients (59%) had lost an average weight of 31 +/- 2.5 lbs. (p less that 0.05). Total lymphocyte count (TLC) averaged 1290 +/- 250 cells/mm3 in CMI+ patients and 900 +/- 140 cells/mm" in CMI- patients (p less than 0.05). Serum albumin concentration (SA) was 3.6 +/- 0.06 g/dl in CMI+ patients and 3.3 +/- 0.05 g/dl in CMI- patients (p less than 0.05). In the CMI+ group, 49% had a positive response to CMX, whereas only 27% of the CMI-group responded to CMX (p less than 0.01). In the surgery group, 88% of the CMI+ patients, but only 65% of CMI- patients, had uncomplicated postoperative recovery periods. Although nutritional repletion with IVH was undertaken in all patients, those patients with initial CMI- responses had greater body weight loss, lower SA and TLC and either a decreased response to CMX or an increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality when compared with patients who initially had CMI+ responses.
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PMID:Evaluation of nutritional indices as prognostic indicators in the cancer patient. 10 54

There have been no significant complications related to the use of this ambulatory hyperalimentation vest. The potential positive impact that increased use of this vest at home might have upon hospital stay and cost containment is obvious. It is further anticipated that, as advances are made in the technology of plastic bags, tubing, miniature pumps and microprocessors, ambulatory or home hyperalimentation delivery systems exemplified by this vest will achieve a much higher degree of sophistication, practical application, economy and favorable clinical results.
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PMID:A vest for ambulatory patients receiving hyperalimentation. 10 2

We performed nasogastric hyperalimentation with polyethylene catheters and appropriate feeding solutions in 12 cachectic patients who had been referred as candidates for central venous hyperalimentation. Most patients had primary gastrointestinal disease. The duration of hyperalimentation averaged 31 days. Seven patients obtained rapid weight gain (average 0.3 kg/day) with the nasogastric hyperalimentation alone. An additional two were successfully repleted with the addition of parenteral fluids via peripheral veins. In the nine repleted patients, serum albumin rose by average 19%, 24-hr urine creatinine by average 21%, and triceps skinfold by average 46%. The nature of the weight gain in the nine successful cases was analyzed by the metabolic balance study technique. Average composition of the increment in weight was: 50% protoplasm, 48% extracellular fluid, 19% adipose tissue, and less than 1% bone. We conclude that nasogastric hyperalimentation can replace central venous hyperalimentation in a substantial proportion of patients now receiving the latter type of treatment.
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PMID:Nasogastric hyperalimentation through a polyethylene catheter: an alternative to central venous hyperalimentation. 10 89

A case of polymicrobial sepsis occurred in a patient who had a permanent indwelling hyperalimentation catheter. Because it was undesirable to remove the catheter, quantitative bacteriologic techniques were used to determine whether the catheter was the source of sepsis. Blood drawn from a peripheral vein had 25 colonies per milliliter whereas blood drawn through the catheter had more than 10,000 colonies per milliliter. On the basis of these results, the catheter was removed. The catheter tip was found to be infected with the same organisms that were present in the blood. Quantitative bacteriologic techniques may prove useful in diagnosing catheter-related sepsis when it is undesirable to remove the catheter.
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PMID:Use of quantitative bacteriologic techniques to diagnose catheter-related sepsis. 10 70

An acrodermatitis enteropathica-like syndrome occurred as a result of severe bowel disease and the use of zinc-deficient hyperalimentation regimens. Emphasis is placed on early and adequate zinc replacement to effectively prevent or reverse this entity.
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PMID:The acrodermatitis enteropathica-like syndrome. 10 49

Overt malnutrition in children with cancer is seen with surprising frequency: up to 37.5% in a group of patients with disease metastatic to or from bone, and 17.5% in a group of newly diagnosed patients with abdominal or pelvic tumors. It appears more frequent in some cancers. e.g., Ewing's sarcoma, than in others, e.g., osteosarcoma. Criteria for diagnosis of overt malnutrition are applicable to the child with cancer. Such overt malnutrition can be successfully and safely treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Marginal malnutrition is a state that can be inferred from clinical behavior, although it cannot be objectively diagnosed as yet. Early data suggest that deterioration to overt malnutrition can be averted through IVH. Such nutritional intervention may increase chemotherapeutic tolerance and improve immune defenses. Since childhood cancer is beginning to frequently show excellent outcome, the association of malnutrition with progressive disease strongly suggests investigation of the role of nutritional support.
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PMID:Malnutrition in children with cancer: incidence and consequence. 10 83

The importance of maintaining the cancer patient's nutritional status is now recognized as a major part of the medical care. It is necessary for the oncology team to be aware of the psychological and physiological factors that interfere with food acceptance so that the correct food can be offered at the right time in the most palatable form. The oral route is the preferred method of feeding, and nutritional supplements, chosen according to the individual patient's needs, are of great value in assuring an adequate oral intake. Diagnostic tests and therapy are frequent causes of disruption of the meal schedule and the dietary service must be flexible in providing the patient an opportunity to make up for missed meals. Taste disturbance, nausea, vomiting and mucositis caused by therapy may necessitate periods of intravenous hyperalimentation. Food aversions due to therapy can frequently be prevented by avoiding new or unusual foods in the hours before chemotherapy or irradiation. Regular nutrition counseling during clinic visits and/or hospitalization permits diet modification for specific therapeutic needs. The ultimate goal is the prevention of wasting and debilitation due to malnutrition in the cancer patient.
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PMID:Oral feedings in the cancer patient. 10 86

In over 1000 cancer patients treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), tumor growth has not been identified and catheter-related sepsis has been minimal. Studies in rats demonstrated that the host benefits more than the tumor during nutritional repletion, and any stimulation of tumor growth in the rat-tumor model could be manipulated with DNA specific drugs to benefit the host. A study of 65 malnourished cancer patients undergoing oncologic therapy and treated with IVH indicated that much of the immune suppression in these patients was the result of malnutrition coincident with or secondary to oncologic treatment. Conclusions reached in this study were that nutritional repletion resulted in a return of skin test reactivity, proper wound healing in the surgical patient, and possibly an increase in response to chemotherapy. Certainly, the use of IVH allowed specific oncologic therapy to be administered to a group of malnourished patients who otherwise might not have been acceptable candidates for intensive antineoplastic therapy.
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PMID:Nutrition, cancer, and intravenous hyperalimentation. 10 87

The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) on cell mediated immunity was examined in 22 patients. Each patient received PHA and PPD skin tests before and after the performance of IVH. In this study both PHA and PPD skin reactivity showed significant increase after IVH, and serum albumin levels had positive correlation with the PPD skin reaction changes. Absence of the established delayed hypersensitivity in the surgical patient, especially those with malignant diseases, is probably secondary to generalized malnutrition, and established cell mediated immunity can be restored by proper nutritional repletion.
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PMID:The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation on cell mediated immunity. 10 91

In rhesus monkeys equipped with indwelling gastric cannulae and studied in the unanesthetized state, it is possible to demonstrate that their feeding is a precisely regulated behavior functioning to maintain caloric intake quite constant. The infusion of nutrients into the stomach through the cannula results in a reduction in their feeding by an amount that is equivalent to the caloric value of the infusion. A similar precise recovery from caloric deficits by overeating can also be demonstrated. One means of controlling intake of food may derive from a remarkable change in gastric function that occurs with feeding. If the stomach is filled with non-nutrient saline it functions like a physiological "pump" expelling its contents into the small bowel in an exponential fashion--more rapidly with increasing volume. If the stomach is filled with nutrients then it functions like a precise "valve," delivering its contents at a constant and linear rate of 0.4 kcal/min to the duodenum regardless (within limits) of the volume, concentration or character (carbohydrate, fat, protein) of the nutrient meal. This change in gastric activity is provoked by the calories that are passed into the duodenum and sustained for a period depending on the amount of calories in the duodenum. The relation of these physiological events to the control of feeding is discussed.
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PMID:Aspects of the control of feeding: application of quantitation in psychobiology. 10 95


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