Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 61-year-old male, while recovering from a Whipple's procedure for pancreatic carcinoma, was treated for 13 days with an insulin infusion pump for diabetes exacerbated by enteral hyperalimentation. Treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion resulted in improved blood glucose control. Associated with this improvement was a reduction in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon and cortisol concentrations were also lowered although growth hormone levels remained unchanged. It is concluded that enhanced metabolic control during hyperalimentation results in a decrease in counter-regulatory hormone levels and an improvement in the catabolic state in this patient. These preliminary observations provide evidence for maintaining euglycemia in diabetic patients while receiving nutritional support.
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PMID:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) reduces counter-regulatory hormone concentrations in a patient receiving enteral hyperalimentation. 310 71

A case of an ileal carcinoma involving the entire midgut treated with a massive enterectomy of the small bowel distal to the ligament of Treitz, the right colon, and part of the transverse colon is discussed. After 1 year on home hyperalimentation, hepatic nodules were seen on CT scans; metastases could not be proven. At 3 years a hepatic wedge resection was performed, multiple areas of necrosis and fibrosis were found, but no carcinoma. This case is presented as an example of an alternative in treatment for this type of carcinoma and to illustrate the problems of differential diagnosis of liver defects on the CT scan in patients on longterm hyperalimentation.
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PMID:Nodular liver lesions associated with chronic home hyperalimentation after massive enterectomy for ileal carcinoma. 310 87

We studied the effect of early postoperative enteral hyperalimentation on the nutritional state and hormones in digestive organs in twenty patients who underwent resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma and reconstruction of new esophagus. Following results were obtained. 1. Although enteral hyperalimentation was started in the early postoperative period (postoperative 3 day), the incidence of complications including diarrhea was decreased dramatically and satisfactory nutritional effect was obtained due to the development of many excellent chemically defined enteral nutrients. 2. Gut hormones including CCK showed the same response as in the preoperative period to the loading of enteral nutrients. And that, it is suggested that the response of CCK is affected by the lipid content in the nutrients and that this response was effective to prevent the postoperative biliary stasis. 3. Enteral nutrition made it possible to self-regulate water absorption from digestive organs, to control body fluid volume and to prevent over hydration or hypovolemia to comparison with parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:[Nutritional management following resection of esophageal cancer--effect of early postoperative enteral hyperalimentation]. 314 65

Chylothorax is an unusual complication after transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) and in the past 10 years has occurred in 11 of 320 patients (3%) undergoing this operation for diseases of the intrathoracic esophagus. Four patients had benign esophageal disease: scleroderma reflux esophagitis (1), caustic stricture (1), and achalasia (2), and each had undergone at least one previous esophageal operation. Seven patients had intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma--two upper-third, two middle-third, and three distal-third lesions. Excessive chest tube drainage more than 72 hours after THE was the standard presentation, and the diagnosis of chylothorax was confirmed by the administration of cream through the jejunostomy feeding tube placed routinely at operation. The character of the chest tube drainage changed from serous to opalescent. Aggressive treatment of this complication was the rule, and every patient underwent a thoracotomy between 2 to 14 days (average, 6 days) after the diagnosis was established. Cream was administered through the jejunostomy tube before operation, and in each case the thoracic duct injury was readily identified and controlled with suture ligatures. There were no deaths in this group, and there was one recurrence of the fistula that required reoperation; all patients were discharged from the hospital within 3 to 29 days (average, 10 days) after thoracic duct ligation. It is concluded that early recognition of a chylothorax after transhiatal esophagectomy with prompt transthoracic ligation of the injured duct results in a shorter overall hospitalization and lower morbidity and mortality from this complication. The traditional conservative management of chylothorax with intravenous hyperalimentation and no or low-residue enteral feedings has little place in this nutritionally depleted patient population.
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PMID:Aggressive treatment of chylothorax complicating transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy. 317 69

The medical records of 14 hyperthyroid cats with thyroid carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively regarding historical, physical, laboratory, and thyroid scintiscan findings, treatment, and treatment outcome. Breed predilection was not detected, and older castrated male cats were most commonly affected. The most common clinical signs detected by owners were weight loss, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperactivity, and anorexia. Physical examination findings included tachycardia, palpable cervical mass, hyperactivity, cardiac murmur, and abnormal coat. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high serum thyroxine and triiodo-thyronine concentrations and high serum alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase activities. Azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperglycemia were noticed less frequently. The most common thyroid scintiscan findings were multiple nodular areas of high radionuclide uptake in the cervical region, thoracic inlet, and cranial mediastinum. The most common morphologic diagnosis was mixed compact and follicular carcinoma, with follicular and papillary carcinomas being less common. Most cats responded well to treatment of the thyroid tumor, with rapid resolution of the historical and physical examination findings. The most common necropsy findings were local tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastases, cardiomyopathy, and interstitial nephritis.
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PMID:Thyroid carcinoma causing hyperthyroidism in cats: 14 cases (1981-1986). 318 90

Implantation of the Walker 256 carcinoma in lactating rats 2-3 days after parturition had no effect on maternal food intake or pup weight gain over the next 8-9 days. The rate of mammary gland lipogenesis in vivo, which is an index of glucose utilization by the gland, was similar in control and post-partum implanted rats. The accumulation of 14C-lipid in the mammary tissue after an oral load of [1-14C]triolein was also not altered by the presence of the tumor, nor was there evidence for hypertriglyceridaemia. This suggests that the activity of lipoprotein lipase in mammary tissue is not sensitive to the tumor as it appears to be in adipose tissue of non-lactating rats. In contrast, implantation of the tumor 1-2 days before parturition resulted in a faster rate of tumor growth, decreased maternal food intake and decreased pup weight gain compared to either control rats or rats with tumor implanted post-partum. In addition, the rate of mammary gland lipogenesis was decreased by 70% and that of the carcass by 50%. This decrease in lipogenesis is likely to be due to the relative hypophagia in the pre-partum implanted group. The 14C-lipid accumulation in mammary tissue after oral [1-14C]triolein tended to be lower in the pre-partum group but this was not statistically significant. It is concluded that the marked effects on lactation of pre-partum implantation of the tumor are due to effects of the tumor or its presence on the differentiation of the gland around parturition. The alternative explanation that the pre-partum tumor implantation suppresses the stimulus for physiological hyperphagia during lactation is less likely, because this does not occur with the post-partum implantation. The role of putative humoral factors in these effects of the Walker 256 carcinoma in lactation is discussed.
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PMID:Tumor growth and lipid metabolism during lactation in the rat. 325 Feb 34

Nutritional support for patients undergoing major operations seems to be very important for improving the operative results, especially in preoperative patients with conditions such as esophageal carcinoma. In our department, patients who have lost more than 10% of their normal weight have been given intravenous hyperalimentation for at least two weeks preoperatively to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. However good responses to nutritional support were not always obtained in these patients. One of the reasons was thought to be possible inadequacy of the nutritional support, for example, in the amount of energy intake. The purpose of this study was to clarify the energy requirements of anorexic patients by examining the relationship between energy expenditure and nutritional status. Fifty-three male patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma given radical surgery were studied retrospectively. These patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 39 patients who had lost little or no weight (greater than or equal to 90% UsWt), and group 2 consisted of 14 patients who had lost more than 10% of their pre-illness weight (less than 90% UsWt). In order to estimate the energy requirement, resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and the formula of Weir, and compared with the basal energy expenditure (BEE) as predicted using the formula of Harris-Benedict which was calculated from the height, weight, age and sex. Nutritional status was also assessed by measuring various nutritional parameters in each patient on admission. The mean values of body weight, %IBW (ideal body weight), %AMC (arm muscle circumference as percentage of standard), %TSF (triceps skinfold as percentage of standard) and %GS (grip strength as standard) were significantly lower and REE higher in group 1 than in group 2. However those of TP, alb and BEE showed no significant difference. Negative correlations between REE and body weight, %AMC, and %GS were seen respectively, and a positive correlation between REE and BEE was also seen in group 1, although no significant correlation was seen in group 2. These results suggested that the energy requirement of anorexic patients should be estimated by measuring the REE in each individual to obtain an effective response.
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PMID:[Nutritional support for preoperative patients with esophageal cancer]. 338 28

1. The effect of tumour burden on lipid metabolism was examined in virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats. 2. No differences in food intake or plasma insulin concentrations were observed between control animals and those bearing the Walker-256 carcinoma (3-5% of body wt.) in any group studied. 3. In virgin tumour-bearing animals, there was a significant increase in liver mass, blood glucose and lactate, and plasma triacylglycerol; the rate of oxidation of oral [14C]lipid to 14CO2 was diminished, and parametrial white adipose tissue accumulated less [14C]lipid compared with pair-fed controls. 4. These findings were accompanied by increased accumulation of lipid in plasma and decreased white-adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. 5. In lactating animals, tumour burden had little effect on the accompanying hyperphagia or on pup weight gain; tissue lipogenesis was unaffected, as was tissue [14C]lipid accumulation, plasma [triacylglycerol] and white-adipose-tissue and mammary-gland lipoprotein lipase activity. 6. On removal (24 h) of the litter, the presence of the tumour resulted in decreased rates of lipogenesis in the carcass, liver and white and brown adipose tissue, decreased [14C]lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue, but increased accumulation in plasma and liver, increased plasma [triacylglycerol] and decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in white adipose tissue. 7. The rate of triacylglycerol/fatty acid substrate cycling was significantly decreased in white adipose tissue of virgin and litter-removed rats bearing the tumour, but not in lactating animals. 8. These results demonstrate no functional impairment of lactation, despite the presence of tumour, and the relative resistance of the lactating mammary gland to the disturbance of lipid metabolism that occurs in white adipose tissue of non-lactating rats with tumour burden.
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PMID:Tissue-specific effects of rapid tumour growth on lipid metabolism in the rat during lactation and on litter removal. 342 10

We have devised a two-stage operation for poor-risk patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. The first-stage operation consists of a right thoracotomy, subtotal esophagectomy, and lymph node dissection. Two to three weeks later, the second-stage operation of esophageal reconstruction with gastric tube is performed under laparotomy. During this 3-week period of no esophagus, the nutritional status can be adequately maintained by intravenous hyperalimentation. We describe herein the technique, postoperative complications, and mortality of our two-stage operation as compared with events during an ordinary one-stage operation for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.
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PMID:Two-stage operation for poor-risk patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. 365 73

We report about a 76 years old patient with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. The diagnosis has been found with the following clinical symptoms: diarrhea, anorexia, alopecia, and onychotrophia. Laboratory values: severe hypoproteinemia (total serum protein 4.3 g/dl, albumin 2.4 g/dl); endoscopical and radiological findings: a generalized polyposis which involved the whole intestine except the oesophagus. As far as we saw in our literature-overview of 55 patients with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, this patient had for the first time a carcinoma of the urinary bladder and a Bricker operation 17 years before the onset of his disease. Further we remarked a lack in the resorption of the enterally administered thyroidal hormones. The progress was fatal despite a parenteral hyperalimentation and a treatment with antibiotics and glucocorticoids.
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PMID:[New observations in a case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome]. 396 97


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