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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vascular access devices that are completely implanted have been used for treatment of cancer patients. Vascular access devices are useful for transarterial infusion of anticancer drugs, intravenous hyperalimentation, and drainage of bile juice in obstructive jaundice. These systems have several advantages in the care of patients: they are sealed, they have no external tubes, and they may be useful for blood or biliary sample and intravenous hyperalimentation or chemotherapy. There are only minimal discomforts related to the implantation procedure and no need for routine external catheter care. Most importantly, the quality of the patient's life is dramatically improved without external tubes. For these reasons, we believe that vascular access devices should be indicated for patients with malignant tumors as much as placement of these devices is technically feasible.
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PMID:Vascular access device for treatment of cancer patients. 802 83

The purpose of this communication was to review and critique the studies designed to examine the interrelationship between dietary fat and calories in experimental rodent mammary gland tumorigenesis. The results of these studies clearly show that hyperalimentation of fat, either saturated or unsaturated, significantly stimulates this tumorigenic process. This has been demonstrated in an impressive array of carcinogen-induced, transplantable, spontaneous, and metastatic experimental rodent mammary gland tumor systems. The stimulatory effect of high levels of dietary fat appears to act primarily at the promotional stage of this tumorigenic process. Whether the mammary tumor stimulatory effect of high levels of dietary fat is a result of the metabolic activity of the fat per se or is due to an excessive energy (caloric) intake has been examined. Data obtained from the experimental studies that address this issue support the viewpoint that the mammary tumorigenic-enhancing activities of a high fat diet is, at least in part, through a caloric mechanism.
Cancer 1994 Aug 01
PMID:Interrelationship between dietary lipids and calories and experimental mammary gland tumorigenesis. 803 39

There is a demand on gynecologic oncology services for semipermanent cannulization of central veins to improve the quality of life in cancer patients by circumventing the need for frequent peripheral venous punctures. Central venous thrombosis and sepsis are the major complications with these lines. We reviewed our experience with the externalized Groshong catheters and subcutaneously implanted Hickman ports in 104 gynecologic oncology patients requiring either chemotherapy (56), hyperalimentation (5), or supportive care (43). All devices were inserted under the supervision of one primary gynecologic oncologist. Groshong catheters and Hickman ports remained in place for a median of 68.5 and 210 days, respectively (P < 0.001). Thrombosis occurred in association with 4.8% of catheters and was exclusive to the Groshong catheters. Line sepsis occurred in 32% of Groshong catheters and 16.2% of Hickman ports (P = 0.04). Infection rates were not higher in dual-lumen compared to single-lumen Groshong catheters. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the comments isolate in line infections. The majority of lines were salvaged despite infectious complications. Malfunction of the catheter was equally common in both groups (10.5-13.5%), but was complete, necessitating replacement of only 2.9% of lines. The Groshong catheters took less time to insert (P < 0.003). The externalized Groshong catheter remains a useful alternative to the subcutaneously implanted ports, especially when relatively short-term use is anticipated, but gynecologic oncologists should be aware that there is an increased frequency of complications with the externalized catheter.
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PMID:Externalized Groshong catheters and Hickman ports for central venous access in gynecologic oncology patients. 811 48

Two patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia are described who developed fungemia due to Trichosporon cutaneum. Fungemia occurred at the leukocyte nadir following the administration of anti-cancer chemotherapy. One patient was cured but the other died. Both patients received prednisolone continuously and had central venous catheters in place for parenteral hyperalimentation. T. cutaneum isolates were resistant to 5-fluorocytosine and moderately susceptible to fluconazole. One case was complicated by endophthalmitis due to T. cutaneum; this is the second report of such a complication in the world. We investigated the serum levels of beta-D-glucan, D-arabinitol, and Candida antigen (CAND-TEC); beta-D-glucan was elevated in both cases, which suggests that simultaneous measurements of these laboratory values are useful for the diagnosis and possibly for the evaluation of therapy for this fungal infection.
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PMID:Trichosporon cutaneum fungemia in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and measurement of serum D-arabinitol, Candida antigen (CAND-TEC), and beta-D-glucan. 816 83

Abdominal problems and catastrophes often complicate the clinical course after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in children. These complications can be grouped into categories of infection, chemotherapy and radiation toxicity, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), recurrent or de novo malignancy, and miscellaneous complications and can involve the hepatobiliary system, pancreas, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract. Infection is common after BMT: the causative organism depends on the changing immunologic state of the recipient and even on environmental factors such as recent construction, humidity, and antibiotic use. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease, pancreatitis, nephritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. GVHD is a process in which donor lymphoid cells produce damage to recipient target organs, especially skin, liver, and intestinal mucosa. Recurrent or de novo disease or malignancies, particularly B-cell lymphomas, may develop in chronically immunocompromised children. Other problems include stone disease, splenic and renal infarction, and complications of hyperalimentation therapy. Abdominal imaging, including plain radiography, contrast material-enhanced studies of the bowel, real-time and duplex sonography, and computed tomography, is essential in diagnosing these problems and evaluating response to therapy.
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PMID:Abdominal complications in pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients. 821 May 93

A study was conducted on weekly infusion of high-dose 5-FU by way of the hepatic artery for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. In the evaluation of 13 cases, no CR and 6 PR were observed. The response rate was 46.2%, 1-year survival was 73% and 1.5-year survival was 42%. No patients suffered from major side effects. Two patients had ileus, which was controllable by supportive care with intravenous hyperalimentation, and was caused by peritoneal dissemination of cancer. In conclusion, this regimen was relatively safe, effective, and useful for improving the quality of life of patients, compared with other regimens. How to control extrahepatic metastases in addition to this regimen is a subject for forthcoming study.
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PMID:[Weekly hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU for liver metastases from colorectal cancer]. 825 47

The use of the enzyme tryptophan side-chain oxidase, isolated from Pseudomonas XA, was explored in 3 patients with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Patients were given either a low-tryptophan diet or tryptophan-free hyperalimentation, prior to and during therapy. Their plasma, separated by pheresis, was continuously passed through a tryptophan depletion column containing the immobilized tryptophan side-chain oxidase. Up to 4 plasma volumes were passed through the column daily, 5 days per week for 2-3 weeks, and plasma tryptophan levels, both free and total, were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pre- and postcolumn plasma samples were collected throughout the pheresis procedure. All postcolumn plasma samples had unmeasurable tryptophan levels throughout the treatment period, whereas precolumn samples were always measurable. Generally, tryptophan levels of plasma isolated from peripheral blood decreased after therapy, but rebounded by the next day. The enzyme depletion column reduces circulating plasma tryptophan levels, and its use is well tolerated by patients. However, further development of this method will require study of the effects of diet and of the duration, interval, and frequency of use of this column on therapeutic efficacy. Problems include difficulties with extended diet compliance and apparently intensive mobilization of tryptophan from body stores, which may preclude the clinical application of this enzyme depletion column.
Cancer Invest 1993
PMID:Depletion of patients' plasma tryptophan using tryptophan side-chain oxidase columns. 848 47

We examined the clinical features and significance of pathogenic microbes isolated from sputum and blood of patients with lung cancer during anti-cancer therapy. Pathogenic bacteria were more likely to be isolated from patients with episodes of fever than from afebrile patients. The major species of bacteria isolated from sputum were Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, and Gram-negative bacilli, which are known to be frequently involved in hospital-acquired infections. The presence of an indwelling central venous catheter for intravenous hyperalimentation was an important risk factor for the development of a febrile episode, which indicates that bacteremia was a major cause of fever. In one quarter of the blood cultures from the patients with persistent fever, various species of pathogenic microbes were recovered, one-third of which were fungi. Bacteriological examinations done before and after the introduction of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) revealed that strains of Klebsiella spp. decreased and those of methicillin-resistant S. aureus increased. There was no firm evidence that G-CSF decreased the incidence of episodes of fever. However, remains G-CSF may a allow the dose intensity of anti-cancer agents to be increased, which would lead to severe leukocytopenia. However, more detailed investigation is needed to clarify the role of G-CSF against bacterial infection during anti-cancer therapy.
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PMID:[Microorganisms cultured from sputum and blood in association with episodes of fever during anti-cancer therapy in patients with lung cancer]. 854 76

Pancreatojejunal sutural insufficiency occurring after pancreatoduodenectomy and countermeasures are discussed. In the Department of Surgery at Kurume University School of Medicine, 318 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomies. The present study includes 15 of these patients, all of whom had pancreatojejunal sutural insufficiency. The frequency of sutural insufficiency was 4.7%. Five patients had bile duct cancer, 5 had cancer of the papilla of Vater, 2 had a carcinoma of the pancreatic head, 1 each had gallbladder cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and papillitis. Six (40%) of the 15 patients died during hospitalization. The presence or absence of sutural insufficiency was confirmed mainly by radiography and determining the properties and amylase levels of the drainage fluid. There was no significant difference due to the method of anastomosis. End-to-side anastomosis had a rate of 5 (5.9%) of 85 patients, while end-to-end had 10 (4.3%) of 233 patients. The sutural insufficiency was manifested as a major leakage in 6 patients and a minor leakage in 9. The degree of lymph node dissection was D0 in 6.1%, D1 in 1.4%, D2 in 4.8% and D3 in 10.8%, with a high incidence of sutural insufficiency in D3 patients. The pancreatic duct diameter was smaller than 4 mm in 10, 5-7 mm in 4 and over 8 mm in 1 patient. The intraoperative pancreatic findings were a soft pancreas in 8, slightly hard in 3, and hard in 4 patients. Fibrosis of the pancreas was normal to slight in 11 and moderate in 4 patients. Drainage by relaparotomy was performed in 4 of the 6 patients with major leakages to control sutural insufficiency, and the other 2 underwent continuous aspiration with an intraperitoneal drain inserted during the operation. The 9 patients with minor leakage underwent conservative treatment including continuous aspiration via an intraperitoneal drain inserted during surgery, fasting, intravenous hyperalimentation, and antibiotic administration. All of the patients with major leakage died from an associated occurrence of hepatic insufficiency, renal insufficiency, intraperitoneal hemorrhage or diffuse peritonitis during hospitalization. However, 8 of the 9 patients with minor leakage had some healing, and the 1 remaining patient developed a pancreatic fistula. The frequency of pancreatojejunal sutural insufficiency was high in patients with minimal pancreatic fibrosis, with soft pancreatic tissue without dilatation of the pancreatic duct, and with relatively good pancreatic function.
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PMID:Pancreatojejunal sutural insufficiency occurring after pancreatoduodenectomy and countermeasures. 866 93

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurones in the arcuate nucleus of the rodent hypothalamus may play a key role in responding to reductions in body energy stores with appropriate changes in energy homeostasis, namely an increase in food-seeking behaviour and hyperphagia, together with a reduction in heat production by brown adipose tissue. These adaptive responses are mimicked by the injection of NPY into the main sites of projection of the NPY neurones, and animals that are threatened by energy deficits (e.g. through starvation or insulin-deficient diabetes) show increased activity of these neurones. Genetically obese rodents also show hyperactivity of the NPY neurones, which is inappropriate to their energy needs and may contribute to their hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure and excessive weight gain. The NPY neurones may be inhibited by insulin and leptin, which may both serve as signals of peripheral fat mass. Ultimately, characterization of the specific "feeding' receptors which mediate NPY's central effects on energy homeostasis may provide opportunities for designing drugs to manipulate and appetite and energy balance in man, notably obesity and the cachexia commonly associated with malignancy and chronic infection.
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PMID:Neuropeptide Y, the hypothalamus and the regulation of energy homeostasis. 887 Nov 82


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