Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reduced serum concentrations of nutrients like iron, zinc and folates and of albumin and cholesterol are found, as well as emaciation, both in malnutrition and in cancer. In patients with leukemia, a depletion of intracellular potassium and hypo-potassemia are found in addition. The use of hyperalimentation in cancer was originally based on the concept that too little food is the cause of these disturbances in the nutrition state. However, there is also a disturbed metabolism of nutrients in patients with tumors and inflammatory disease. In the case of folic acid, the disturbed metabolism could not be normalized by hyperalimentation. The more advanced the disease, the more pronounced is the disturbed nutrient metabolism, and this disturbance is related to the macrophage activity. It is not self-evident, therefore, that hyperalimentation can normalize the nutritional state in cancer. Emaciation in cancer patients is not caused exclusively by malnutrition.
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PMID:Folate and iron metabolism in patients with tumors and inflammations. 406 5

This review article touches on various categories of research that have been expanded or made possible predominantly by funding through the National Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society. Under diagnosis, categories mentioned are biological markers, chromosome banding techniques, fluorescent-activated cell sorter identification of cell surface antigens, ultrastructural studies with electron microscopy, histochemical, radiologic, ultrasonographic, thermographic, angiographic techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, radioactively labeled compounds that attach to specific tumor cell surface receptors, and other agents that are preferentially taken up by tumor tissues. Predictive tests include human tumor stem cell assays, sister chromatid exchange assay, and hormone receptor assays. The techniques listed under therapy include hyperthermia, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiosensitizing compounds, and the supportive measures of hyperalimentation and other nutritional manipulations, psychological reinforcement, rehabilitative efforts, bone marrow transplants, blood component therapy, protective "germ-free" environments, and pain control. Drug delivery systems, animal and cell culture models, and prevention of carcinogenesis are also mentioned.
Cancer 1982 May 01
PMID:Cancer 1980: achievements, challenges, and prospects. 617 12

Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were evaluated in 80 patients with small cell lung cancer at diagnosis and during therapy over a 30-week period. Approximately one half of the patients were randomized to receive hyperalimentation. Folate and vitamin B12 intake was adequate without parenteral nutrition in these cancer patients. Serum folate and Vitamin B12 levels did not correlate with disease extent. At the initiation of therapy, serum folate declined with increasing weight loss. During therapy, the intake of folate was adequate to maintain a normal serum folate despite marked weight loss.
Cancer 1984 Jan 15
PMID:Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in patients with small cell lung cancer. 631 62

The effect on cellular immunity of the administration of the non-specific immunopotentiator BCG and/or a streptococcal agent was studied in 90 non-cancer bearing Wistar rats under different nutritional support. The number of immunocompetent cells and the non-specific function of the immunocompetent cells significantly decreased in acute malnutrition. The non-specific immunopotentiator BCG and streptococcal agent activated the peritoneal macrophages, to a remarkable extent, but depressed spleen cell blastoid transformation, thymus index and peripheral lymphocyte count in the starved rat group. In rats who received BCG under intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), the absolute macrophage counts went down as the quantity of amino-acid administered decreased. The acquired immunodeficiency due to acute malnutrition is evident and the effect obtained with an immunopotentiator is considered to be related to the nutritional status of the host. The adequate administration of protein-calorie is required for the effective use of the immunopotentiator.
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PMID:An experimental study on cellular immunity and protein-calorie malnutrition. 642 80

Changes in erythrocyte polyamine levels during intravenous hyperalimentation in cancer and noncancer patients were determined, and the influence of host nutritional status on polyamine metabolism was analyzed. RBC putrescine (P less than .001), spermidine (P less than .01), and spermine (P less than .005) levels, and the putrescine-spermidine ratio (P less than .001) increased in the cancer group while no significant increases were noted in the noncancer group. The degree of malnutrition, based on body weight loss and plasma albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein levels, was significantly greater in the cancer group than in the noncancer group, giving rise to the possibility that repletion of nutritional deficits in host tissues could have contributed to the rise in RBC polyamines. When cancer patients of similar nutritional status were matched with the noncancer group, increases in RBC putrescine level and putrescine-spermidine ratio were noted in the selected cancer patients. These results suggest that correction of nutritional deficits did not contribute significantly to the RBC polyamine pool and that increases in RBC polyamines during intravenous hyperalimentation were related to the presence of tumor.
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PMID:Nutritional parameters affecting erythrocyte polyamine levels in cancer patients. 643 45

The coexistence of malignancy and dysphagia makes nutritional deprivation especially serious in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. Intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) is often given and should be of particular value in these patients. Sixty-four patients with carcinoma of the esophagus seen between January, 1975, and February, 1982, were studied retrospectively during their first hospitalization for the disease. Thirty-seven patients received IVH, and 27 did not. There were no significant differences at the time of admission to the hospital between the two groups with respect to age, sex, pathological status, and location of the carcinoma. Also, there was no difference in the incidence of hypoalbuminemia (less than 3 gm/dl) or lymphocytopenia (less than 1,500/mm3). More patients in the IVH group underwent surgical resection of the esophagus. Surgical intervention did not significantly influence hospital mortality. The IVH therapy reduced weight loss (p less than 0.05), but was associated with an increased incidence of pulmonary sepsis (p less than 0.05) and longer hospital stay. The incidence of hypoalbuminemia and lymphocytopenia increased between admission and the end of hospitalization, but it did not significantly differ between the groups. Thus, one cannot assume the effectiveness of IVH in this clinical setting, as its value was not demonstrated in this retrospective series. A prospective randomized study is warranted in view of the high cost and the doubtful clinical impact of an IVH regimen in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Clinical impact of intravenous hyperalimentation on esophageal carcinoma: is it worthwhile? 643 36

A technique for prehepatic infusion of parenteral nutrients is described. Portal vein hyperalimentation allows hepatic modification and control of the infused nutrients before delivery of these substances into the general circulation and theoretically should reduce the incidence of metabolic complications of hyperalimentation. The clinical experience with prehepatic infusions is reported and the metabolic investigations are described. Transumbilical catheters provided prehepatic delivery of parenteral nutrients for 1 month after esophagogastrectomy for esophageal malignancy without serious infection or portal vein thrombosis. Close surveillance of blood glucose and serum osmolarity demonstrated metabolic stability during the infusion period. Nitrogen balance studies showed better nitrogen economy than is achieved by infusion of similar solutions into the central systemic circulation. Indirect calorimetry indicated that the nitrogen used for production of energy was less than the amount supplied by prehepatic infusions. The same basic liver function abnormalities encountered with systemic infusion of hyperalimentation solutions were noted. The patients gained weight after esophagogastrectomy and did not experience the attrition from malnutrition which usually occurs in the first several months after esophageal resection.
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PMID:Prehepatic hyperalimentation. 676 87

The malnourishing effects of cancer and its treatments haveprovided a strong clinical incentive for the nutritional support of cancer patients with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), but potential enhancement of tumor growth by additional substrate provision has generated concern. Twenty-five patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancer were studied on one of two preoperative dietary regimens: ad libitum oral diet or intravenous hyperalimentation. Using a stable isotope tracer, N-glycine, in vivo tissue fractional protein synthesis rates were determined from operative specimens of tumor and normal gastrointestinal tissue. Despite substantial advantage in caloric and protein intake, and nitrogen retention, tumors in IVH-fed patients were synthesizing protein no faster (14.2%/day) than those in orally fed patients (15.1/day). Tumor fractional protein synthesis rates (PSRs) correlated (r = + 0.708, P less than 0.005) with the PSR of the tissues from which they arose. IVH maintained gut PSR at the level occurring in the orally fed patients. Parenteral nutritional support in cancer patients does not maintain protein synthesis rates at levels greater than those present with regular oral diets. Although not a direct measure of tumor growth, these data provide preliminary evidence that optimal nutritional support of the cancer patient may be possible without undesirable stimulation of tumor growth.
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PMID:Protein synthesis dynamics in human gastrointestinal malignancies. 676 89

Over an 8-year period, 106 patients with cancer who were major operative risks received intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). All were malnourished, had gastrointestinal obstruction or had postoperative complications such as fistulas, evisceration or intra-abdominal sepsis, which left IVH as the only means of achieving anabolism. When IVH was started preoperatively and continued postoperatively (34 patients), no deaths or major complications occurred. When IVH was first started after serious complications had occurred (62 patients), the incidence of recovery was high; the mortality was 17.7%. When IVH was given to cachectic patients whose cancer was inoperable to enable them to tolerate radiotherapy or chemotherapy (10 patients), the mortality was 40.0%. Although this last group is small, IVH is worthwhile in selected patients in whom good palliation life can be obtained. With careful IVH and improvement in the quality of technique, the risk of sepsis was no greater than in patients without cancer.
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PMID:Hyperalimentation and cancer. 676 42

Hyperalimentation can improve nutrition in patients with cancer. It has proved to be effective in the management of certain postoperative complications. Some patients are able to receive antitumor therapy who would otherwise be denied treatment because of severe malnutrition. The morbidity of chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be decreased, delivery of greater doses of chemotherapy is possible and responses to chemotherapy may be enhanced. Hyperalimentation can reverse the nutritional components of the immunodepression of malignant disease. Although it may stimulate tumor growth in animals, hyperalimentation has had no adverse clinical consequences to date.
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PMID:Hyperalimentation in patients with cancer. 676 44


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