Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exenteration, or complete excision of the pelvic viscera, is an ultra-radical surgical procedure intended for curative treatment of the patient with advanced pelvic malignancy--primary or recurrent. At the time of introduction of this procedure, enthusiasm for its use was marred by the high incidence of serious surgical morbidity and mortality, which approached the five-year survival rate. With more careful physiological and psychological selection of patients, concentration of this kind of procedure in centres familiar with its use, improved urinary conduit techniques and careful attention to covering the pelvic floor with omentum and/or synthetic materials, the morbidity and mortality rate has been significantly reduced thus making exenteration a more acceptable treatment option to a wider spectrum of patients. More sophisticated haemodynamic monitoring, both intra- and postoperatively, intravenous hyperalimentation, prophylactic antibiotics and low-dose heparin are undoubtedly important adjuncts to the improvements in surgical technique and judgment. Psychosexual 'rehabilitation' in the broadest sense must be an integral part of patient care for those undergoing exenteration and in most instances necessitates involvement of the patient's partner. Exenteration has only a very limited role in palliation and all attempts should be made to avoid this procedure when cure is clearly not a possibility.
 ...
PMID:Pelvic exenteration. 331 41

Plasma selenium levels were determined at various intervals during hospitalization of 71 patients with upper gastrointestinal and other malignancies. These patients often require frequent nutritional as well as surgical or medical intervention. Attempts were made to identify, evaluate, and compensate for numerous confounding variables at each of the 374 plasma selenium determinations. Selenium levels in stable patients who were neither receiving aggressive antineoplastic therapy, nor septic, nor taking corticosteroids and who had no clinically significant metabolic imbalance were then separately analyzed. In 55 stable patients selenium levels were 28% lower than those found in 20 normal controls (mean 61.8 micrograms/L, P less than 0.0005). An analysis of all the readings showed that selenium levels were substantially decreased by recent radiotherapy or sepsis, by regional tumor spread and increased tumor burden, and by intravenous and/or enteral hyperalimentation and intravenous lipids. In contrast to these findings, levels were relatively higher in patients with an adequate oral diet or with a lesser tumor burden. The comparison between selenium levels in stable and in aggressively treated or septic patients supports the importance of the relationship of nutrition to selenium levels in cancer patients.
Cancer 1987 Nov 01
PMID:Plasma selenium levels in patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer. 344 Feb 35

A drug delivery catheter system with subcutaneously implantable port, PORT-A-CATH, was applied for intra-arterial, intravenous and intraperitoneal chemotherapy and hyperalimentation in treating 99 cancer patients. The average implantation period was 135.1 days and this system was applied for more than one year in 5 cases. Any troubles due to port or catheter materials were not observed during the study. Catheter occlusion occurred in 11 cases infection in 7 (catheter-related infection 4, pocket infection 3), and skin necrosis in 4. This system was proved useful to reduce the risk of infection and enabled easy and safe long-term repeated administration, compared to the catheters with external end. Intra-arterial chemotherapy became possible to the outpatients with the use of this system, which seemed to contribute for the improvement of quality of life of the patients.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical experience of a subcutaneously implantable drug delivery catheter (PORT-A-CATH)]. 356 8

Thirty cases of Candida sepsis occurring at Howard University Hospital between January 1983 and December 1985 were studied. A retrospective analysis was done to determine which risk factors or methods of treatment led to higher morbidity and mortality. Nosocomial infections with fungi are becoming more widespread as patients survive illnesses once deemed terminal. Patients had positive blood cultures for Candida accompanied by signs of systemic sepsis. Risk factors included diabetes, central hyperalimentation, malignancy, intraabdominal abscesses, and fistulae. The correlation between the total dose of amphotericin administered and patient recovery was analyzed.
 ...
PMID:Candida sepsis. 358 39

Autopsy findings of 133 patients who died following fungemia or with invasive fungal infection were reviewed. Common clinical factors included antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroid administration, hyperalimentation, malignancy, and bone marrow transplantation. Fungal infection was seldom diagnosed antemortem and fungemia was detected in only 24 patients (18%). Ocular involvement occurred in 14 patients (Candida 11, Aspergillus 2, and Cryptococcus 1). The eye was the fifth most commonly involved organ at autopsy among patients with candida infection. Ocular involvement occurred with a significantly greater frequency in patients with Candida tropicalis than with Candida albicans infections (P less than 0.05). Although only about 10% of patients with fungal infections had ocular involvement, all those with ocular lesions had widely disseminated disease. Realizing the potential toxicity of antifungal therapy, we recommend that screening ophthalmologic examinations be performed on patients with fungemia or patients at high risk for development of fungal infection. The presence of ocular lesions consistent with fungal disease, in the appropriate setting, is a strong indication for investigation of possible systemic fungal infection and therapy once a definitive diagnosis is established.
 ...
PMID:Ocular involvement in patients with fungal infections. 387 82

Nutritional intake or absorption may be compromised by radiation therapy (RT) when large portions of the gastrointestinal tract are treated. Dietary counseling, oral supplements, tube feedings and intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) have been employed to limit weight loss and lessen intestinal RT side effects. Unfortunately, no prospective study reviewed has shown improved tumor control or patient survival. Special diets and IVH have also been employed in select patients to relieve chronic malabsorption from severe radiation enteritis.
Cancer 1985 Jan 01
PMID:Critical evaluation of the role of nutritional support for radiation therapy patients. 391 59

In a randomized trial of 119 patients with small cell cancer of the lung, the effects of a 30-day course of central intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) on dietary intake were evaluated. All patients underwent the same aggressive chemotherapy and radiation therapy; 57 patients received IVH and 62 served as controls. Median caloric intake prior to antineoplastic therapy was less than 1.2 times basal energy expenditure, below the maximum necessary to maintain weight. While receiving IVH, patients had increased caloric and protein intake. Once the IVH was stopped, oral intake was transiently depressed and thereafter similar to control patients. Baseline nutritional parameters, age, sex, and immediate toxicity from chemotherapy did not predict subsequent caloric insufficiency. Direct estimation of dietary intake is likely the most valuable measure in selecting patients who will need adjunctive nutritional support.
Cancer 1985 Apr 01
PMID:The effect of intravenous hyperalimentation on the dietary intake of patients with small cell lung cancer. A randomized trial. 391 17

Debilitating cancer cachexia is multifactorial, but many of the etiologies and most of the resulting effects are similar to those seen in malnourished patients without cancer. From the work in human beings and experimental animals, nutritional support of the tumor-bearing host can replenish lean body mass, visceral protein components, and immunocompetence. This induction of anabolism, however, depends on time, content, the method of administration of hyperalimentation solutions; the initial and continuing catabolic response of the patient, as well as the degree of initial malnutrition; the energy expenditure of the patient required during oncologic therapy; and the expertise of the physician administering nutritional support. Increased tumor stimulation resulting from intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) has never been observed in humans; the stimulatory effects of IVH on animal tumor systems have been identified only in previously depleted animals, and then growth rates have not been out of proportion to that of the host or to that of otherwise healthy animals. Animal data suggest that tumor growth characteristics can be affected by nutritional state and the exact substrates administered, ie, amino acids, carbohydrates, or fat. Further evidence suggests that the apparent enhanced tumor growth can be used to increase responsiveness to cell cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agents during nutritional repletion. Current evidence supports the use of intravenous hyperalimentation in malnourished cancer patients who have effective oncologic therapeutic options; such patients should not be denied these options simply on the basis of severe nutritional cachexia.
 ...
PMID:Intravenous hyperalimentation as nutritional support for the cancer patient--an update. 393 74

Over the past years significant progress has been made in the treatment of childhood cancers due to newer and more intensive chemotherapeutic regimes. However, with the increased intensity of chemotherapy, more treatment related complications are seen, requiring also more aggressive supportive care. The major complications of the cytotoxic treatment are bone marrow aplasia, immunosuppression, vomiting, anorexia and weight loss and supportive measures as adequate blood component supply, prophylaxis, recognition and effective treatment of infections as well as parenteral hyperalimentation are corner stones of modern cancer therapy. Blood sampling, application of blood products or intravenous drugs and continuous parenteral nutrition is easily performed using a central venous line. Our experience with the continuous venous access of central lines in patients receiving aggressive cytotoxic treatment did not show a higher incidence of infectious complications but had significant advantages in the supportive care.
 ...
PMID:[Supportive measures in aggressive cytostatic therapy]. 393 5

Superior vena cava syndrome is an infrequently noted complication associated with gynecologic malignancy. Three cases illustrate modern diagnostic and management methods. Patients developed superior vena cava syndrome secondary to mediastinal metastatic endometrial carcinoma, uterine leiomyosarcoma, and secondary to thrombosis induced by a subclavian hyperalimentation catheter. Awareness of this condition on oncology units and by physicians using central venous catheters is important to afford the prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of this life-threatening condition.
 ...
PMID:Superior vena cava syndrome associated with gynecologic malignancy. 394 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>