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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study objectives were to gain insight into how the terms "dieting" and "binge eating" are understood and used by adolescents and to assess whether interpretations of these terms are consistent across age and gender. Twenty-five focus groups were conducted with 203 adolescents (138 girls and 65 boys) in urban public junior and senior high schools. Respondents were asked questions about dieting and binge eating behaviors. In the majority of groups (n=19), healthful eating behaviors, such as eating less fat or more fruits and vegetables, were mentioned in reference to dieting. However, in many of the groups (n=13) unhealthful eating behaviors, such as skipping meals or "starvation," were also described. Dieting was frequently described as an umbrella term for different behaviors aimed at weight control (ie, physical activity) or in nonbehavioral terms (ie, as a desire or plan for weight loss). Although binge eating was described as overeating by many participants, often it was not clear if youth were referring to uncontrolled overeating. In nearly half of the groups, participants indicated unfamiliarity with the term "binge eating." There was some confusion between binge eating and other forms of disordered eating. The findings suggest that prevalence rates of self-reported dieting and binge eating behaviors should be interpreted with caution and it should not be assumed that the majority of adolescents who self-report dieting are engaging in unhealthful behaviors. In providing nutrition counseling to youth, and in assessing dieting and binge eating behaviors in clinical settings and in research studies, specific behaviors should be defined.
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PMID:Dieting and binge eating among adolescents: what do they really mean? 955 Jan 69

Developed a rating scale to measure body image satisfaction and eating behaviors and disturbances in preadolescent girls and evaluated the psychometric properties of the instrument. The Eating Behaviors and Body Image Test (EBBIT) for preadolescent girls was administered to 291 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade girls to identify the measure's factor structure. Body Image Silhouettes (BIS; Childress, Brewerton, Hodges, & Jarrell, 1993) were also administered, and height and weight measurements were obtained. Although four factors were predicted (maladaptive thoughts about body size, restrictive eating, bingeing, and compensatory behavior for overeating), corresponding to adult criteria for the diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia, factor analysis of the EBBIT suggested only two factors: Body Image Dissatisfaction/Restrictive Eating and Binge Eating Behaviors. Only two compensatory behaviors (exercising to burn off food eaten and skipping meals after overeating) loaded on the scale, and they loaded on the Body Image Dissatisfaction/Restrictive Eating factor. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were adequate to good, and initial validity of the scale was established by using scores on the Body Image Silhouettes, body mass index ratios, age, and race as predictors of EBBIT scores.
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PMID:Underlying dimensions and psychometric properties of the Eating Behaviors and Body Image Test for preadolescent girls. 956 44

This study investigated the relationship between binge eating and the outcome of weight loss treatment. Participants in a 48-week trial of a structured diet combined with exercise and behavior therapy were classified into one of four groups: no overeating; episodic overeating; subthreshold binge-eating disorder(BED); and BED. Binge eating status was not associated with either dropout or adherence to the diet, but did affect weight loss and mood. The BED group lost significantly more weight at the end of treatment than all other groups, even when adjusting for initial weight. At 1-year follow-up, there were no differences among groups in weight loss or weight regain. The BED group began treatment with significantly higher BDI scores, but improvement in mood occurred by week 5. On the basis of these findings, and a review of the recent literature, we conclude that obese binge eaters respond as favorably to standard dietary and behavioral treatments as do obese nonbingers.
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PMID:Behavioral treatment of obese binge eaters: do they need different care? 958 81

Many data have been generated concerning individuals with eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. However, few data exist that have explored the phenomenon of compulsive overeating or binge eating. The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of compulsive overeating, or binge eating, in the lives of adult professional women. Six adult women from the south-east United States were interviewed using an open-ended interview format. Interviews were audio-taped and analysed using the Giorgi (1979) method of phenomenology. Recurrent themes that emerged from data collection included those pertaining to childhood experiences with food, descriptions of the types of food most often eaten during the adult years, eating behaviours in the adult years, perceptions of loss of control, reasons for overeating, emotional consequences of overeating, compensatory behaviours, and prevention strategies. The synthesis of meaning statement elicited was that of a personal struggle to achieve or maintain an acceptable weight and gain mastery over binge eating behaviours. This struggle can be likened to an addictive process in which the individual thinks about food constantly, consciously or unconsciously, and eats compulsively in spite of the consequences.
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PMID:The phenomenon of compulsive overeating in a selected group of professional women. 966 66

Dexfenfluramine (DF) is contraindicated in severe psychiatric disorders and in depression. We used DF in 3 patients with chronic psychosis and severe overeating without changes in psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Two patients had paranoid schizophrenic psychosis with hallucinations, one patient mixed psychosis, beginning with lactation psychosis, and several attacks of hallucinations and depression later. Overeating was removed in all 3 patients without any negative effect on the psychotic state. All patients were able to maintain their body weight. Two patients with poorly controlled diabetes improved markedly their metabolic status. Doses up to 75 mg per day of DF were necessary during binge eating episodes in one patient. We conclude that DF can be used with care under close psychiatric supervision in psychotic patients with severe overeating.
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PMID:Dexfenfluramine in psychotic patients. 974 Oct 46

The present study examined the prevalence of eating disorders in a male representative random sample in Tyrol. The data were collected by telephone. Of the 1000 men, 8 (0.8%) met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder. An additional 42 subjects (4.2%) exhibited a partial binge eating syndrome. These two otherwise widely identical groups of binge eaters were separated only by the DSM-IV frequency criterion. Five subjects (0.5%) met the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, and 94 men (9.4%) reported recurrent overeating. Men with any eating disorder were mostly overweight or obese. The findings show that there is a significant difference in eating disorders between men and women, but certain eating disorders are frequent not only in women but also in men.
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PMID:[Eating disorders in males: a representative survey]. 989 82

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that different types of dieting strategies are associated with different behavioral outcomes by investigating the relationship of dieting behaviors with overeating, body mass and mood. A sample of 223 adult male and female participants from a large community were studied. Only a small proportion of the sample (18%) was seeking weight loss treatment, though almost half (49.3%) of the subjects were significantly overweight (body mass index, BMI>30). Subjects were administered questionnaires measuring dietary restraint, overeating, depression and anxiety. Measurements of height and weight were also obtained in order to calculate BMI. Canonical correlation was performed to evaluate the relationship of dietary restraint variables with overeating variables, body mass, depression and anxiety. The strongest canonical correlation (r=0.65) was the relationship between flexible dieting and the absence of overeating, lower body mass and lower levels of depression and anxiety. The second strongest canonical correlation (r=0.59) associated calorie counting and conscious dieting with overeating while alone and increased body mass. The third canonical correlation (r=0.57) found a relationship between low dietary restraint and binge eating. The results support the hypothesis that overeating and other adverse behaviors and moods are associated with the presence or absence of certain types of dieting behavior.
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PMID:Flexible vs. Rigid dieting strategies: relationship with adverse behavioral outcomes. 1033 90

A bulimia screening questionnaire was examined for usefulness in assessing risk for bulimia and measuring progress in reducing binge eating in overweight women who weight cycle. In two studies the BULIT test was used to screen for risk for bulimia. Study 1 was a descriptive study of motivations for overeating in normal weight women compared to overweight women who weight cycled. In Study 2, overweight women who weight cycled were examined at baseline, 6, and 12 months for effectiveness of a clinical treatment strategy to reduce binge eating. In Study 1, BULIT scores were statistically significantly higher for overweight compared to normal weight subjects. In Study 2, subjects' BULIT scores were lower after using a long term clinical treatment strategy to gain control of eating. The BULIT test was useful for specifying four categories of eating patterns to assess risk for bulimia and progress in reducing binge eating.
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PMID:Use of the BULIT bulimia screening questionnaire to assess risk and progress in weight management for overweight women who weight cycle. BULImia Test. 1046 45

Binge eating is a consequence of semistarvation in victims of war and famine and in volunteers in rare semistarvation experiments. These behaviors include bizarre mixing of ingredients and adulteration of food; eating inappropriate, soiled, or discarded food; secrecy; deception; and defensiveness. Drastic measures to resist overeating persist long after the semistarvation experience, even when food is plentiful. Binge eating, a central feature of bulimia and sometimes of anorexia nervosa, is prevalent in modern society, but the occurrence and frequency of semistarvation-related behaviors have not been well identified or quantified. A Semistarvation-Associated Behaviors Scale was constructed and administered to 40 college students. Among binge eaters, reports of bizarre semistarvation-like behaviors were common and frequent and were associated with dieting.
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PMID:Semistarvation-associated eating behaviors among college binge eaters: a preliminary description and assessment scale. 1064 Feb 26

It has previously been demonstrated that stimulation of opiate receptors within the nucleus accumbens results in marked hyperphagia, perhaps reflecting enhancement of taste palatability. Rats that have received multiple morphine treatments also increase feeding in response to environmental stimuli that have been associated with the morphine injections. The present investigation further examined this phenomenon. In Experiment 1, it was shown that induction of conditioned feeding was dose-dependent; significant conditioned feeding was obtained with repeated (n = 5) intra-accumbens injections of 5 or 10 microg/microl morphine but not with saline or 1 microg. The conditioned feeding response was blocked by systemic naltrexone (5 mg/kg). In the second experiment, co-treatment with either a D-1 (SCH 23390, 0.1 mg/kg) or D-2 (haloperidol, 0.25 mg/kg) antagonist did not block the development of conditioned feeding, nor did these drugs block morphine-induced feeding. In Experiment 3, it was found that systemic naltrexone blocked the expression of conditioned feeding (confirming Experiment 1), as did SCH-23390, whereas haloperidol did not affect expression of conditioned feeding. In the fourth experiment, we observed that significant conditioned feeding was induced with repeated treatment with the selective mu agonist D-Ala2, NMe-phe4, Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, 2.5 microg), but not with the delta agonist D-Pen2,5-enkephalin (DPEN, 3.1 microg). The final experiment tested the diurnal variability of the expression of conditioned feeding, and it was found that the magnitude of the effect depended on time of day. In summary, the development of opioid-induced conditioned feeding depends on mu opiate receptor stimulation, but not dopamine receptor stimulation. Its expression, however, involves both opiate and D-1 receptor activation. These findings are considered in terms of putative neural mechanisms governing conditioned meal initiation, and implications for compulsive eating and bulimia are also discussed.
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PMID:A pharmacological analysis of the substrates underlying conditioned feeding induced by repeated opioid stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. 1098 73


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