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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There exist certain pathological eating behaviors (they deviate from the usual eating pattern in a given environment; ex.: hyperphagia, alcoholism, bulimia, nibbling sweets, etc.): there also exist certain pathogenic, though not pathological, eating behaviors (a "normal" behavior may induce an affection in given subjects; ex.: obesity in subjects with a normal caloric intake, hypercholesterolemia in subjects with a normal lipid intake, etc.). In the perspective of Public Health, the field of pathological behavior calls for specialized individual interventions, which can sometimes serve as research models; but the field of pathogenic behavior is now such a widespread social phenomenon (50% of the female population wishes to reduce, 50% of the male population dies from alimentary-linked cardiovascular diseases) that it must be systematically investigated. Such investigations would require: 1. A typology assessing the effectiveness of all the techniques aimed at a modification of eating behavior, whether preventive or therapeutic (through information, pressure, learning); 2. A typology of the resistance to change, whether physiological, psychological or psychosocial. A study of both typologies is necessary since until now all the attempts to induce a population as a whole to renounce food plethora have been unsuccessful, except when imposed by economic or political motivations. Moreover, in a society oriented toward consuming, a change in eating behaviors must be "consumable", that is, at once adequate and gratifying, in order to be accepted.
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PMID:[Resistance to modification of dietary behavior]. 80 Jul 13

Persons who contacted the Anorexia/Bulimia Association of Norway for information and stated that they had an eating disorder were asked to participate in this questionnaire study. The answers from the 32 women who fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa are presented. Usually the women's eating problems had started in the teens after a period of voluntary dieting. The mean duration of bulimia nervosa was six years. 31% had a history of anorexia nervosa. At the time of the study almost all had normal body weight, but nevertheless felt overweight. 78% practised self-induced vomiting, 22% used laxatives and 16% used diuretics to reduce weight. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were common in connection with the overeating episodes, but also more generally, which interfered with everyday life. Somatic symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, dyspepsia, headache, dry mouth and eyes, parotid gland swelling, muscular symptoms, fatigue, and oligomenorrhoea) were also common.
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PMID:[Bulimia nervosa and self-reported symptoms. A questionnaire study among 32 women with bulimia nervosa]. 147 Nov 6

Data on the prevalence and characteristics of binge eating in a series of 64 obese women participating in a controlled weight-reduction program are presented. Twenty-two (34.4%) reported recurrent binge eating episodes defined as overeating plus loss of control as assessed by patients' self-report and confirmed by a clinical interview. Six of those indicated that they engaged in either self-induced vomiting or laxative use to control their weight, but only two met full criteria for current bulimia nervosa according to DSM-III-R. A detailed description of the binge eating behavior revealed similarities to the eating pattern described in patients with bulimia nervosa: obese binge eaters tended to overeat in the evening, when they were alone and at home. Compared with their non-binge eating counterparts, binge eaters were significantly younger when they presented for treatment. The prevalence of childhood obesity was higher, and they were significantly younger when they first started on a diet than the non-binge eaters. Binge eaters reported more psychological problems such as body image distortion, and there was a slight tendency for binge eaters to exhibit more depressive symptomatology at baseline. No association between binge eating and weight at baseline, or weight loss during therapy or at follow-up could be found. Fluvoxamine (100 mg) did not seem to be of specific benefit in this subgroup of the obese with regard to weight loss.
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PMID:Binge eating in overweight women. 164 67

A patient presented with severe hypophosphataemia that had been precipitated during binge eating. It was corrected by restricting the binges, and by hyperalimentation through a duodenal tube together with intravenous supplementation with sodium phosphate for a short period. Phosphate concentrations should be monitored in patients with severe anorexia complicated by bulimic episodes.
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PMID:Severe hypophosphataemia during binge eating in anorexia nervosa. 189 85

Excessive eating is one of the principal characteristics of bulimia. Eating more than intended is also a prominent feature both of obese people who are trying to lose weight and normal weight women who are attempting to restrict their food intake. Overeating tends to be triggered by a specific set of cues, which commonly involve either mood disturbances or exposure to "forbidden" food, but may include other environmental cues. It is argued that conditioning processes are relevant both to the establishment of meal patterns in normal subjects and in the maintenance of excessive eating. Treatment procedures have typically followed the general approach of "Self Management" which emphasises reducing exposure to the cues associated with eating. An alternative approach derives from the idea that the association between eating responses (or urges to eat) and external cues may be learned, and therefore should in principle be ameanable to extinction through systematic unreinforced exposure. In this article the possible mechanisms of cue-induced overeating are discussed and the potential utility of cue exposure techniques for the management of excessive eating evaluated.
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PMID:Conditioning processes and cue exposure in the modification of excessive eating. 224 11

Patient L.A. (f., 20 yrs), affected by bulimia and self-induced vomiting, was hospitalized because of severe malnutrition (BMI 13.1), hypopotassemia (2.8 mEq/l) and prolonged QTc interval (0.469"). Intensive care treatment aimed to normalize mineral balance mainly serum potassium, consisted of administering e.v. potassium (mg 2346/day), magnesium (mg 72/day), calcium (mg 80/day), phosphorus (mg 769/day), chloride (mg 710/day), iron (mg 40/day). Dietary treatment was deliberately chosen to be slightly above minimum energy requirements in order to avoid possible side effects of forced hyperalimentation. The patient, immediately after hospitalization, interrupted vomiting and 2 wks later weight increased by 5 kg (from 34.9 kg to 40.0 kg). On the other hand normalization of serum potassium levels was slow and QTc interval reached normal range only after the 10th day of treatment (0.447"). This case supports the hypothesis that major ECG abnormalities may be present in severe malnutrition due to anorexia nervosa or bulimia with self-induced vomiting. The dangers of these complications were substantiated by the fact that intensive care treatment allowed prompt body weight recovery but normalization of electrolytic balance and cardiac function was very slow. For such patients, electrocardiographic monitoring should be routine.
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PMID:[Hypopotassemia and prolongation of the Q-T interval in a patient with severe malnutrition caused by bulimia and post-prandial vomiting]. 237 4

Despite our strong belief in the utility of laboratory studies of eating behavior, we also note several caveats on the data thereby obtained. First, it must be assumed that subjects' behavior is influenced by the laboratory environment and is not identical to eating behavior in a "normal" setting. Second, not all bulimic subjects who were screened for these studies actually participated, so that it is possible that the sample of patients from whom we obtained data differed in some ways from a general clinical population of women with bulimia. Nonetheless, we believe that our data provide compelling evidence that the disturbed eating behavior characteristic of bulimia nervosa can be profitably studied in the laboratory. Even under structured laboratory conditions, most bulimic patients rated one of their multicourse meals as typical of a binge, and, during that meal, consumed a much larger amount of food and ate more rapidly than did controls who were asked to overeat. The significant correlations between the sizes of the multicourse and single-course binge meals and between the size of laboratory binge meals and the size of the "naturally occurring" binge meals reported to the dietician suggest that a reproducible phenomenon is being examined. The results of our studies suggest that the abnormalities of eating behavior in bulimia nervosa cannot be viewed simply as a disturbance of carbohydrate consumption or even as the episodic consumption of a certain type of food. Rather, eating behavior in this syndrome appears more generally disturbed. The most striking difference between the binge and the nonbinge meals of bulimic patients and between the binge eating of patients and the overeating of normal persons is the amount of food consumed, not the macronutrient composition of the meals. In addition, for all four meal types, the patients were hungrier after the end of the meal than were the controls, even though the patients' average caloric intakes were generally larger and their average hunger ratings before the meals did not differ from those of the controls. Certainly, self-induced vomiting may contribute to this abnormality, but it was also observed after nonbinge meals when vomiting did not occur. Together, these data are consistent with the notion that the essential appetitive abnormality in bulimia nervosa lies in the control of the amount of food consumed, not in the consumption of a particular macronutrient or type of food. Patients with bulimia nervosa appear less responsive than normal to the signals that lead to the termination of a meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Eating behavior in bulimia. 263 74

Most epidemiologic studies about eating disorders have emphasized the frequency of bulimic syndromes and occasional bulimic behaviors among students. The variability of clinical rates and diagnostic criteria used, partly explains the heterogeneousness of those studies. In our study, we used the BULIT questionnaire on a population of speech-therapy students, including all three years levels of training. 548 questionnaires were then analysed. We chose 88 as a discriminative score for occasional bulimic behaviors, and 102 for bulimic syndromes, as previously proposed by the authors of the questionnaire. We found that occasional bulimic behaviors and bulimic syndromes are less frequent in our sample compared to other studies. Nevertheless, a more precise analysis of the different items showed: a feeling of dissatisfaction towards eating habits, an exagerated fear of loss of control, frequent dysphoric feelings after overeating episodes. These findings confirm that eating is a very important concern in student population. These clinical symptoms could be considered as risk factors for eating disorders bulimia type, and might help prevention in such a population.
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PMID:[Eating disorders in a student population. Epidemiologic data]. 266 50

In most cases, obesity does not stem from a specific psychologic disturbance. Some obese people overeat, as do their family or their socio-professional peers, and this cannot be considered a pathologic behaviour. Many obese patients increase their energy intake when frustrated, anxious, or tired, like many normal individuals who enjoy a better weight regulation. But when obesity increases suddenly and/or severely in these circumstances, and in gross obesity, abnormal feeding behaviour is usually responsible: prandial or, more often extraprandial overeating (nibbling, gorging, binge eating, night eating, excess alcohol, carbohydrate craving). Serotoninergic mechanisms of the latter have focused wide interest. Conflicting situations and/or anxiety are usually a factor in child obesity. Deppreciated self-image and feelings of culpability, partly secondary to obesity itself and dietary failures often contribute to feeding disturbances, sometimes surreptitious, carrying a risk of vicious circle. But weight reduction itself, while improving self image, carries a risk of unmasking depressive tendencies, especially when too quick. Hence the importance of careful and comprehensive management.
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PMID:[Eating disorders and obesity]. 270 54

Based on laboratory results, restrained eating has been linked to the development of binge eating and eating disorder syndromes such as bulimia nervosa. This study was designed to extend the scope of investigation of the concept of restrained eating beyond the laboratory. Eating behavior and biochemical indices of nutritional state were investigated in 60 young women, who were divided in restrained and unrestrained eaters by questionnaire. Seven-day records of food intake showed that the high-restraint group ate around 400 kcal a day fewer than the low-restraint group. Group differences in actual macronutrient intake and long-term food preferences pointed to a qualitatively altered eating pattern in restrained eaters. Actual protein portion was higher in restrained eaters. They tried to avoid calorie dense food items of high carbohydrate and fat content. Instead, they preferred food regarded as low-caloric and healthy. Plasma levels of triiodothyronine and glucose, which could be taken as indices of long-term adaptation to starvation, were not decreased in the high-restraint group. However, significantly higher levels of triglycerides in restrained eaters may reflect a biological state due to short-term starvation. The results indicate that the concept of dietary restraint predicts eating behavior not only under experimental conditions, but also in normal life. As a consequence of altered eating patterns, psychological and physiological deprivation can be hypothesized in restrained eaters, making them prone to the occurrence of overeating.
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PMID:Behavioral and biological correlates of dietary restraint in normal life. 276 57


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