Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 40-year-old poor nutritional Japanese male was admitted to our hospital on June 5, 1989, with a 31-day history of fever. He had been working as a crew member of a ship in South East Asia. Salmonella typhi was isolated from his blood culture. In the course of the disease, intestinal hemorrhage, drug-induced fever and liver dysfunction, DIC, ARDS, and psychiatric disorder were identified. Intestinal hemorrhage occurred after the coagulation test became normal, so it was thought that the intestinal hemorrhage did not correlate with DIC. The patient was treated with CP, ABPC and supportive therapy. He became well, and ARDS and psychiatric disorder were disappeared. He was discharged on the 118th day of illness. Drug-induced fever was thought as one of the allergic reaction and the causative drug was not identified by LST. It was suspected that psychiatric disorder correlated with poor nutrition. Supportive therapy such as mandatory bed rest, intravenous hyperalimentation and low-volume blood transfusions, as well as an antimicrobial treatment were important for the inhibition of shock and/or intestinal perforation.
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PMID:[Typhoid fever with intestinal hemorrhage, drug-induced fever, DIC, ARDS and psychiatric disorder (a case report)]. 225 53

Anorexia nervosa is a common psychiatric disorder predominantly affecting young women, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, much involving the cardiovascular system. In contrast, protein-calorie malnutrition, while not strictly analogous to the protein-sparing characteristics often noted in anorexia nervosa, is a problem of global stature. Physiologic consequences of anorexia nervosa include rhythm disturbances, mitral valve prolapse, plus both systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction. Diminished exercise capacity occurs in both states, with marked blunting of the heart rate and blood pressure response. Congestive heart failure may appear, especially during refeeding. In addition to the myofibrillar destruction associated with protein-calorie malnutrition, hypophosphatemia, particularly when exacerbated by unrestricted glucose-rich refeedings or hyperalimentation, may be one additional cause of ventricular dysfunction. A high level of suspicion for cardiovascular complications is, therefore, warranted in the evaluation and therapy of weight loss conditions such as starvation and anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:Weight loss and the heart. Effects of anorexia nervosa and starvation. 265 Jun 47

During a study of 72 patients submitted to jejeunoileostomy for obesity seven were found in whom compulsive, episodic overeating was associated with depressive mood disturbance. When followed up nine to 27 months after operation all seven had lost weight and had also lost the habit of compulsive eating. In all cases psychiatric symptoms improved or disappeared, and symptom substitution was not observed. Obesity rather than psychiatric disorder is usually the main problem in such patients. The implications for psychoanalytic and other concepts of obesity are discussed.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of jejeunoileostomy on compulsive eating and associated psychiatric symptoms. 443 87

Brofaromine, a selective and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) was given to 19 women while 17 received placebo for 8 weeks. All met DSM III-R criteria for bulimia nervosa, a psychiatric disorder in which uncontrolled overeating episodes are accompanied by purging activities and extreme concerns about body shape and weight. The following indices were measured: plasma and urinary phenylacetic acid (PAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandellic acid (VMA); plasma tryptamine (T), beta phenylethylamine (PE), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s). PE levels remained the same but T showed a trend toward elevation over time. Twenty-four hour levels of urinary aMT6s in BN patients were higher at week 4 when compared to baseline and week 8. There was a significant reduction in plasma VMA and HVA over time during treatment with brofaromine and both plasma HVA and VMA were significantly lower for the brofaromine group compared to placebo at week 4. Plasma 5-HIAA was significantly higher for the brofaromine group after 8 weeks when compared to placebo. Urinary VMA decreased significantly from baseline to week 4 with a partial elevation at 8 weeks. Urinary VMA was also significantly lower in patients on brofaromine at week 4. This study verifies that brofaromine complies with predicted MAO-A inhibiting patterns in a clinical population.
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PMID:Effects of chronic brofaromine administration on biogenic amines including sulphatoxymelatonin and acid metabolites in patients with bulimia nervosa. 750 90

An overview of the literature is given and an attempt is made to describe the diagnostic problems associated with this etiologically unclear disorder. The only successful therapy to date is treatment with lithium. A case study is presented of a 14-year-old boy with typical symptoms. Within a period of 12 months the boy had 6 episodes characterized by hypersomnia and hyperphagia, each lasting between 8 and 14 days. The symptom-free intervals lasted from 10 days to 8 months. Extensive medical and neurological evaluation including single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) showed no abnormalities, and no criteria for another psychiatric disorder were met. After the sixth episode we considered treating the patient with lithium, but this option was rejected by his family. The patient has remained asymptomatic (36-month follow-up). A possible relationship to endogenous psychotic disorders and the role of neurotransmitter metabolism are discussed. Computer-assisted analysis of electroencephalographic activity revealed high signal complexity, which we believe suggests a primary cortical regulatory defect.
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PMID:[Kleine-Levin syndrome--diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. 945 1

Anorexia nervosa (a.n.) is a mental disorder connected with the high mortality coming up to 18%. The death causes are suicide and somatic complications resulting from cachexy, laxatives and diuretics abuse, which occurs in some patients and from vomiting provocation. The digestive tract complications are considered to be the death causes in a.n, as well. Among the surgical complications, which usual occur in the initial period of the intensive nutrition the most serious and frequent ones are oesophageal rupture in the course of vomiting provocation (Boerhaave's syndrome) and the syndrome of compression of the horizontal part of the duodenum, by the mesentery (superior mesenteric artery syndrome) leading to the gastrectasia and possible gastric necrosis and perforation. In this paper the review of the current literature concerning the digestive tract complications in a.n. has been made. Also, the courses of the diseases and the complications requiring surgical intervention in 3 patients treated between 1998 and 2000 in the Department of Child Psychiatry and the Department of Cardiosurgery of the Medical University of Warsaw have been discussed. The patients developed segmental enteritis, gastrectasia caused by the superior mesenteric artery syndrome and small intestine strangulation. The early surgical intervention in the latter case and the proper maintenance treatment in two other ones allowed to avoid more serious complications. The authors postulate profound analysis of the abdominal complaints from the point if view of surgical complications in anorectic patients in the initial period of their hospital treatment and consideration of the complete parenteral hyperalimentation in the extremely debilitated to avoid life threatening digestive tract complications.
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PMID:[Surgical complications occurring during hospitalization of patients with anorexia nervosa--literature review and a discussion of three cases]. 1229 87

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural group therapy programme for the treatment of obesity in clinical practice, 122 patients from 14 general practices (n = 70) were randomised into either a treatment or a control arm with a ratio of 3 to 2. The group treatment programme was also assessed in a clinical centre (n = 52; University Hospital Basel). Before therapy, a clinical interview and a mental disorder examination were carried out on all patients. The instructors of the programme (practitioners; clinic physicians) were trained during two afternoon meetings to supervise the group sessions. The treatment programme consisted of 16 group sessions of 90 min each, and contained psycho-educational elements concerning a balanced diet, instruction for the integration of more activity in everyday life (lifestyle activity), problemsolving strategies, and the cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional cognition regarding the own body. All the patients who were treated in the various settings demonstrated a benefit from therapy. Compared to the control groups which received usual medical care, they were able to reduce their starting weight by around 5% (p <0.001 for the group treated by practitioners) at the end of treatment and stabilise it until follow up after one year. In regard to psychological factors the treatment groups showed an increased sense of control over eating behaviour, and feelings of distractibility and hunger were reduced after treatment and at follow up (p <0.05). All treatment groups showed statistically relevant increases in feelings of attractiveness regarding their body and shape (p <0.05). These results support the effectiveness of the integrated cognitive behavioural treatment programme in clinical practice over a duration of 12 months.
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PMID:Evaluation of a lifestyle change programme for the treatment of obesity in general practice. 1270 42

In order to determine the cognitive and behavioural changes in patients following craniopharyngioma surgery, all patients over the age of 16 years who had an operative intervention for craniopharyngioma between 1983 and 1998 were identified. Those consenting were interviewed using standardized instruments to assess for the presence of a psychiatric disorder, disturbance of behaviour or altered cognitive function. A control group of age- and sex-matched patients who had undergone pituitary adenoma excision were identically assessed. Eighteen people, of a total of 44, were interviewed. There were some differences in the subjective experience of appetite and the degree of control exercised over eating behaviour. Otherwise outcomes in cases and controls were similar. In the domains assessed, these two groups have similar outcomes from surgery.
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PMID:Psychiatric, cognitive and behavioural outcomes following craniopharyngioma and pituitary adenoma surgery. 1457 97

Depression with atypical features is a treatable and relatively common disorder among depressed outpatients. A growing body of evidence suggests this is a biologically distinct subtype of depression. This assertion is supported by genetic epidemiologic studies and by a preferential response of the subtype to monoamine oxidase inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) includes atypical features as a parenthetical modifier for depressive illness. According to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria ("atypical features" specifier), the disorder is primarily characterized by 2 or more of the following symptoms as predominant features in patients with major depression or dysthymic disorder: overeating, oversleeping, "leaden paralysis," and interpersonal rejection sensitivity. Patients also show mood reactivity in response to actual or potential positive events. Despite aspects of the disorder resembling a maladaptive, persistent mode of behavior, patients diagnosed with depression with atypical features demonstrate a good response to antidepressant treatment.
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PMID:Depression With Atypical Features: Diagnostic Validity, Prevalence, and Treatment. 1501 36

In this article, the authors deal with clinical and psycho-social aspects as well as treatment measures for nervous bulimia, overeating attacks and obesity. By studying these disorders, we have been able to notice the existence of common psycho-pathological characteristics. Impulsive behavior, more or less compulsive eating habits, and the presence of certain personality traits are different from nervous anorexia according to our study. However, our manner of viewing these disorders consists of considering nervous bulimia and overeating attacks as being clear psychiatric entities, while obesity can be a consequence, or not as seen in the majority of cases, of a psychiatric disorder, although there always exists a special weakness which causes one to suffer from these disorders and there exists a need for psychological support to complement a nutritional treatment program.
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PMID:[Bulimia nervosa and obesity. Clinical and psycho-social features, and intervention]. 1506 41


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