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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical characteristics of 46 cases of acute pancreatitis treated with total parenteral nutrition were examined. Hyperalimentation may be used in these severely ill patients with minimal technical or metabolic morbidity. This method of nutritional support can maintain patients with nonfunctional gastrointestinal tracts for several months. Catheter-related sepsis was more common than expected early in the course of acute pancreatitis but caused minimal morbidity. The incidence of catheter-related sepsis late in disease was minor. Hyperalimentation had little if any effect on the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis as judged by the overall mortality and the incidence and severity of the complications of acute respiratory failure and acute renal failure. It is not clear that parenteral hyperalimentation alters the course of acute pancreatitis but it is a useful adjunct for nutritional support in this illness.
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PMID:Parenteral nutrition in the treatment of acute pancreatitis: effect on complications and mortality. 41 29

The present paper described the technique of intravenous hyperalimentation applied to a group of 100 surgical patients. A specially prepared diet supplying a high amount of calories, using hypertonic glucose and supplying nitrogen, using polypeptides or aminoacid solutions, was infused into the superior vena cava. The inhibition of digestive secretions, during the period of hyperalimentation, was used in the management of 19 patients with intestinal and pancreatic fistulae. The general conclusion reached after wide clinical experience was that by supplying energy and nitrogen to a patient in a severe catabolic state, a significant and sometimes dramatic capacity could be developed which allowed him to overcome difficult conditions and even initiated a reversal of the metabolic balance in the direction of anabolism. The regimen should be adopted in the preoperative preparation of debilitated patients; in hypercatabolic states (post-trauma, post-surgery or burns); in gastrointestinal, granulomatous or infectious diseases; in acute pancreatitis; in digestive fistulae; in oncological conditions, and so on. The metabolic and infective complications can be pregressively decreased and eventually prevented by proper handling and strict metabolic monitoring. The use of this hyperalimentation was extremely encouraging, and on many occasions we had the impression that it was life saving.
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PMID:Intravenous hyperalimentation in the management of the critically ill patient, with special reference to abdominal fistulae. 82 16

Intestinal fistulization following acute pancreatitis is a complication of abscess formation and may occur after initial surgical drainage. It should be suspected in anyone with protracted pancreatitis in whom an abdominal mass suddenly disappears or in whom gastrointestinal bleeding develops. Although transient improvement may occur, decompression will often be incomplete and will usually be followed by recurrent sepsis or severe life threatening hemorrhage. For this reason, spontaneous fistulization into the intestine does not eliminate the need for adequate surgical drainage. With fistulas into the colon, drainage should be combined with proximal diverting colostomy. Some duodenal fistulas may respond to abscess drainage and intravenously administered hyperalimentation, while others may require drainage plus conversion from a side to an end fistula.
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PMID:Intestinal fistula complicating pancreatic abscess. 108 74

A 13-year-old spayed Doberman Pinscher with acute vomiting of 24 hours' duration and concurrent 2-week history of polyphagia with weight loss had diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by acute pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Diagnostic testing for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, by determining serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity, revealed an unexpectedly high result when a low result was anticipated. High trypsin-like immunoreactivity was attributed to acute pancreatic inflammation.
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PMID:High serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity secondary to pancreatitis in a dog with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. 210 25

The case of a 28-year-old man with alcohol-induced bouts of recurrent acute pancreatitis after a partial ileal bypass performed for hyperlipidaemia is presented. Serial computed tomography proved valuable for assessing the resolution of the pancreatic mass. Peripheral parenteral hyperalimentation for 6 weeks had a beneficial effect on the course of the pancreatitis and proved to be useful for nutritional support.
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PMID:Recurrent pancreatitis after partial ileal bypass for hyperlipidaemia. A case report. 393 Dec 62

Two cases of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy with apparently different etiology are reported and the literature is reviewed. In 1 case, continued fetal growth during a period of hyperalimentation is shown. Although acute pancreatitis is a rare complication of pregnancy, there is evidence that both maternal mortality and fetal loss should be low. The main risk to the fetus is from the effects of premature birth. Experimental evidence suggests that pregnancy may be an etiologic factor, but the condition is probably not more common in pregnancy. Although termination of pregnancy may cause prompt regression of symptoms, it should not normally be necessary. Indications for surgical intervention are not affected by the pregnancy, nor are indications for mode of delivery affected by the pancreatitis.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: two case reports. 618 29

Twenty dogs were divided into four groups. Group A; IVH without Fat emulsion was performed transvenously. Group B: IVH with Fat emulsion transvenously. Group C; IVH without Fat emulsion transportally. Group D: IVH with Fat emulsion transportally. Infusion dose was for 24 hours. The results were as follows: 1) Blood sugar and I.R.L.: In group B and D, both blood sugar and I.R.I. reached the peak at the 24th hour. However, in the 1st week, they became normal value. In group D, Blood sugar was higher than that in group B, but I.R.I. value was lower. 2) Free fatty acid (FFA): in group A and C, FFA were gradually increased, but in group B and D, they reached the preoperative value in the 1st week. In group D, it was lower than that in group B. 3) Histological findings of the liver: in group A-D, lobular necrosis and fat degeneration were seen. In this study, we emphasized that transportal hyperalimentation with fat emulsion as the treatment of acute pancreatitis was physiologically effective especially in control of blood sugar and inhibition of lipolysis.
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PMID:[Transportal hyperalimentation with fat emulsion as the treatment of experimental acute pancreatitis]. 620 8

Intravenous hyperalimentation and enteral elemental diets have both been advocated for the nutritional support of patients with acute pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula, and proximal small bowel fistula. The exocrine pancreatic responses to these nutrients compared to one another and to full liquid diet have been inadequately studied. Therefore, pancreatic protein, volume, and bicarbonate responses to graded doses of (1) intravenous hyperalimentation, (2) intraduodenal elemental diet, and (3) intraduodenal full liquid diet were compared in duplicate experiments in five dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas. Both intraduodenal elemental and full liquid diets caused comparable and significant dose-related increases in pancreatic protein, volume, and bicarbonate outputs over basal levels (p less than 0.05). In contrast, there was no stimulation of pancreatic secretion by intravenous hyperalimentation. It therefore appears that of the methods studied, only intravenous hyperalimentation can provide full nutritional support while maintaining the pancreas at rest.
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PMID:Pancreatic secretory responses to intravenous hyperalimentation and intraduodenal elemental and full liquid diets. 643 Nov 26

The clinical indications for and types of intravenous nutritional support are reviewed from the standpoint of their advantages and disadvantages. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN, also known as intravenous hyperalimentation) improves and maintains not only nutritional status but immunocompetence in patients with restricted food intake, because almost all essential nutritional substrates can be administered in the parenteral root alone to meet energy requirements. In surgical fields, TPN reduces perioperative risk and complication rates and enhances postoperative recovery of patients with severe stress such as those under going thoracic esophagectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy. In addition to calory administration, another type of parenteral nutrition a the disease-specific formulation has been attempted to improve directly such pathophysiologic conditions as renal failure, hepatic failure, or sever acute pancreatitis. Despite the great benefits of TPN, it is associated with several complications related to the indwelling catheter or to inadequate substrates administered, Disuse atrophy of the intestinal mucosa in patients receiving TPN to decreases the host defense against bacterial infection. To avoid the abuse of TPN, the indications for it should be selected rigorously. Moderate calory administration of a maximum of 15-20 cal/kg/day via a peripherally inserted catheter has been reevaluated in patients on short-term fasts.
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PMID:[Clinical significance and problems in parenteral nutritional care]. 961 95

Ten dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) received 2 mg/kg of L-Deprenyl once daily for 6 months. Monthly patient assessment consisted of evaluation of the owner's daily observation protocol, a standardized owner questionnaire, physical examination, CBC, biochemical profile, determination of the urine cortisol/creatinine ratio (UC/C), low-dose dexamethasone suppression (LDDS) test, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) test, and adrenal ultrasonography. At the beginning and the end of the study, an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test and computed tomography also were performed. Two dogs developed neurologic signs and 2 dogs developed acute pancreatitis. An increase in activity, decrease in polyphagia, and decrease in panting were reported by 6, 4, and 2 owners, respectively. Seven owners believed that water intake decreased, but this was confirmed in only 3 dogs. Water intake increased in 2 dogs and remained unchanged in 5 dogs. The condition of the hair coat and skin improved in 2 dogs, worsened in 3, and remained unchanged in 5. Urine specific gravity, urine osmolality, ACTH test results, UC/C, and adrenal gland size did not change significantly throughout the study. In 4 of 8 dogs, LDDS was abnormal at the start of the study but normal at the end of the study, and in 2 dogs, the opposite occurred. Marked individual variation was noted in the CRH test, with a tendency for smaller increases in ACTH toward the end of the study. A marked increase in hypophyseal tumor size occured in 4 dogs. Treatment with L-Deprenyl resulted in improvement, deterioration, and stagnation of clinical signs in 2, 4, and 4 dogs, respectively. The results of this study indicate that L-Deprenyl cannot be recommended as the sole treatment for canine PDH.
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PMID:The efficacy of L-Deprenyl in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. 1044 18


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