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Query: UMLS:C0020500 (hyperoxaluria)
 912 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Farnolith (a dietary fibre preparation) was given to normal patients (n = 6) with absorptive hypercalciuria type I (n = 6) and to one patient with renal hypercalciuria. Farnolith binds calcium and reduces calcium absorption in the intestines. In normal subjects, the urine and serum parameters of calcium metabolism (total and ionized calcium, 1.25-dihydroxy-vitamin D) were unchanged. In absorptive hypercalciuria type I, a significant decrease in calcium excretion was achieved; oxalate excretion decreased as well. Low PTH values normalized; vitamin-D metabolites were not affected. In renal hypercalciuria, PTH and 1.25 DHCC were increased, whereas hypercalciuria persisted. Our investigations show that Farnolith is a reasonable treatment for absorptive hypercalciuria. Calcium homeostasis is rendered normal by Farnolith without producing secondary hyperoxaluria as sodium cellulose phosphate. Patients with primary renal calcium leakage and secondary hyperparathyroidism should not be treated with Farnolith.
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PMID:[Studies of calcium metabolism in normal persons and patients with hypercalciuria in relation to therapy with the dietary fiber preparation Farnolith]. 253 20

The morphological and infrared spectrophotometric analysis of the urinary stones of 300 patients have been reported in this article. Calculi are classified into six morphological types with their corresponding mineralogical natures. The type I (whewellite or C1) is pure in 18 p. cent of lithiasis, more often present in the center than on the surface, with hyperoxaluria in 81 p. cent. Calculi linked to piridoxilate intake (3 p. cent) have this composition. The type II (weddellite or C2) rarely pure, often associated with calcium phosphate are present in 47 p. cent of lithiasis, more often on the surface than in the center, and linked to hypercalciuria in 70 p. cent. The oxalates (C1 plus C2) are the most frequent components of calculi (75 p. cent). The type IIIa and IIIb (anhydrous and dehydrated uric acid) are pure in 8 p. cent, mixed in 6 p. cent; due to hyperuraturia in 55 p. cent, due to urinary acid pH in 60 p. cent. The type IVa (carbapatite) is pure in 5 p. cent, mixed in 26 p. cent, linked to hypercalciuria in 40 p. cent. The types IVb and IVc (struvite plus carbapatite) are present in 12 p. cent, due to urinary infection (90 p. cent), linked to proteus (70 p. cent). The type V (cystine) is rare, linked to hypercystinuria. The type VIa (1 p. cent) is made of proteins. The type VIb (2 p. cent) is composed of medications (triamterene, glafenine, antrafenine).
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PMID:[Correlation of the cause and composition of renal calculi. Value of morphologic and infrared analysis]. 264 1

In the present study Farnolith (a granular powder consisting of different dietary fibres) was given to normals (n = 6), patients suffering from absorptive hypercalciuria type I (n = 6) and to one patient suffering from renal hypercalciuria. Farnolith binds calcium and reduces the calcium absorption from the intestine. In normals the urine- and serum parameters of calcium metabolism (total- and ionised calcium, parathyroid hormone and vitamin-D-metabolites) remained unchanged. In patients suffering from absorptive hypercalciuria type I a significant reduction of hypercalciuria was found; oxalic acid excretion had decreased as well. Lowered parathyroid hormone values returned to normal, vitamin-D-metabolites remained unaffected. In one patient suffering from renal hypercalciuria parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D values increased, calcium excretion had not decreased, though. Our investigation shows that Farnolith is suitable for the treatment of absorptive hypercalciuria. Calcium homoeostasis is returned to normal by Farnolith, at the same time it does not produce secondary hyperoxaluria (as e.g. sodium cellulose phosphate). Patients with primary renal calcium loss should not be treated by Farnolith.
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PMID:Calcium metabolism in normal and in hypercalciuric patients on Farnolith, a dietary fibre preparation. 285 67

Spaceflight could provoke formation of kidney stones, in part by causing hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia. Applicants for spaceflight who have metabolic or environmental derangements to begin with might be particularly susceptible to stone formation in space. We, therefore, analyzed 24-h urine samples for stone-forming risk factors in 104 male applicants before their selection into the astronaut-mission specialist corps. The urinary environment was abnormally supersaturated with calcium oxalate in 25.0% of applicants, brushite in 36.5%, and monosodium urate in 66.3%, predisposing these applicants to crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts. This high level of supersaturation was caused by both "metabolic" and environmental disturbances. Thus, hypercalciuria was found in 11.5% of applicants, hyperoxaluria in 2.9%, hyperuricosuria in 18.3% and hypocitraturia in 5.8%. Environmental derangements were generally more prominent, as indicated by low urine volume of less than 2 L.d-1 in 84.6%, high urinary phosphate in 24.4%, and high urinary sodium in 10.6% of applicants. The results suggest that most of the abnormal stone risk factors disclosed among applicants for spaceflight programs were environmental in origin.
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PMID:Assessing applicants to the NASA flight program for their renal stone-forming potential. 293 Apr 28

Despite the frequency and morbidity of nephrolithiasis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), this association has not been subject to a detailed study. One hundred fifty-one of 751 ADPKD patients seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1976 and 1986 had nephrolithiasis. Seventy-four had passed calculi or had stones surgically removed. Stone analysis was available in 30 patients: uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and struvite were present in 56.6%, 46.6%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Calculi were observed in 71 of 79 patients with excretory urograms available for review. Faintly opaque and bull's eye stones, probably containing uric acid, were present in 12.7% and 14.1% of these patients, respectively. Precaliceal tubular ectasia was observed in 15.5%. Ninety-seven patients had preserved renal function (serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL) at the initial evaluation. Six were excluded because they had other known causes of stone disease. The most common metabolic abnormality in the remaining 91 patients was hypocitric aciduria (ten of 15 patients with measurements). The urine pH in the first voided morning specimens (5.66 +/- 0.05) was significantly lower than that of an unselected control population (5.92 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.001). Hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypercalciuria were observed in six of 32 (18.8%), six of 31 (19.4%), and three of 39 (9.7%) patients with preserved renal function. The composition of the stones, the frequency of hypocitric aciduria, and the low urine pH (possibly related to the defect in excretion of ammonia described in ADPKD), suggest that metabolic, along with mechanical, factors are responsible for the frequent occurrence of nephrolithiasis in this disease.
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PMID:The association of nephrolithiasis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. 335 68

The increasing incidence of urolithiasis makes it important to report about 34 children with urolithiasis seen between 1976 and 1986 at the Department of Pediatrics, University Medical School Vienna. At the time of the first diagnosis 59 percent of the patients were less than 7 years of age; 62 percent of our patients were males. Recurrent chronic urinary tract infection in 32 percent, metabolic disorder (secondary hyperoxaluria 5, idiopathic hypercalciuria 3, cystinuria 2, hyperuricuria 2) in 27 percent were evaluated; in 13 patients the origin of calculi was idiopathic. Most infectious stones contained magnesium ammonium phosphate, most idiopathic stones calcium oxalate. In 21 patients (62%) surgical treatment, in one patient extracorporal shock wave lithotripsie was realized. Adequate metaphylaxis (general, dietetic, medicementous) can lower the rate of occurrence of stone formation.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis in pediatrics: analysis of 34 patients]. 368 52

Fifty-two cases of urinary tract calculus disease were investigated for dietary habits, routine chemical and microscopic urinalysis, bacterial culture, quantitative analysis of 24 h urine sample and qualitative analysis of the stones. 54 out of the 56 stones analysed were of mixed type. Magnesium ammonium phosphate was present in 78.2% stones. Dietary habits revealed principal dependence on cereals, lack of animal proteins, consumption of oxalate rich vegetables and widespread consumption of tea. Urinary tract infection was present in 63.7% of the cases. Significant calcium oxalate crystalluria (2+ to 4+) was present in 34.6% of the cases. Hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria associated with hyperoxaluria-lower excretion of magnesium and citric acid were important urinary risk factors in the local population. These observations strongly suggest the multifactorial etiology of stone disease in this region. Imbalanced nutrition and urinary tract infection were the principal risk factors for urolithiasis in this study.
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PMID:The etiology of urolithiasis in Udaipur (western part of India). 372 15

The state of saturation of urine with calcium salts has been estimated by means of a computer model system whose accuracy has been improved by the use of stability constants of 31 complexes which were re-determined at 37 degrees C and at the actual ionic strength of urine. The experimental determination of the concentration solubility products of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaOx) and of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (bsh) allows an expression of the saturation degree as free concentration product ratio beta CaOx and beta bsh. Morning urine samples from 50 healthy controls and 50 idiopathic calcium stone-formers and 24 h urines from 40 normal subjects and 192 stone-formers, taking normal diet were investigated by this technique. From our results urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate salts seems to play an important role in calcium stone disease. Hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria seem to be the main pathological features in this regard. The data concerning beta bsh values have not confirmed previous reports in which this parameter was found to be increased in stone-formers.
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PMID:Urine saturation with calcium salts in normal subjects and idiopathic calcium stone-formers estimated by an improved computer model system. 404 6

The normal value of oxaluria, as determined by gasliquid chromatography, is about 30 mg/24 h. In most cases of renal stone formation (60-70%) the stones are composed of calcium oxalate alone or associated with calcium phosphate. The more evolutive the disease, the higher the oxaluria. The part played by oxaluria in renal stone formation and the need to include its determination in regular examinations of stone formers must be stressed. Treatment of hyperoxaluria is both medicinal and dietetic : control of oxalic acid-rich food intake and reduction of the intestinal absorption of oxalate caused by calcium-deprived diets. The diet must be completed by therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the oxaluria and increasing the urinary factors preventing crystallization.
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PMID:[Oxaluria in urinary lithiasis]. 622 3

The preventive affects on recurrent renal calcium stones of water diuresis alone or combined with drugs aimed at lowering urinary calcium were evaluated prospectively in 51 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Following clinical and metabolic examination, the patients were allocated at random to 3 treatment groups: water diuresis alone (group I, n = 19) or associated with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day (group II, n = 19) or with a neutral phosphate preparation 1500 mg/day (group III, n = 13). Results were assessed on the number of recurrences; 24-h urinary calcium was measured at regular intervals. The mean follow-up (2 years; range 1-4 years) was the same in all 3 groups. A significant fall in recurrence rate as compared with pre-treatment values was observed in groups I and II. The recurrence rate was the same in both groups during treatment. However, less patients had recurrences in group I (1/19) than in group II (5/19). No significant fall in recurrence rate was observed in group III, owing to some patients in this group having frequent recurrences. The recurrence rate was unrelated to clinical findings and biochemical values ( oxaluria , calciuria) measured before treatment and to the urinary Ca/Cr ratio calculated during treatment. This study confirms that water diuresis is effective in preventing recurrent renal calcium stones and that diuretics of the thiazide group reduce the number of patients with recurrences.
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PMID:[Incidence of lithiasic recurrence after a diuretic therapy, alone or combined with treatment by a thiazide diuretic or phosphorus]. 623 83


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