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Query: UMLS:C0020500 (hyperoxaluria)
 912 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the female rat intoxicated with ethylene glycol the oxaluria increases with the degree of intoxication. The increase is less in the animals treated with succinimide. The comparative study of the results of the dosages made with gas-liquid-chromatography and by various colorimetric methods show that this later gives varying results and underestimates high concentrations of oxalic acid. The result is that any study based on results of dosages of urinary oxalic acid made by colorimetry must be taken with some reserve, and this on whether the oxalic lithiasis is experimentally induced or human, or whether its evolution is spontaneous or influenced by a therapeutic.
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PMID:Effect of succinimide on hyperoxaluria in the rat estimated value of the different dosing methods of oxaluria. 88 49

A case of massive ingestion of ethylene glycol is described. The clinical characteristics of this disorder such as persistent metabolic acidosis and oxaluria as well as changes in serum osmolality that may accompany ingestion of certain toxins are emphasized. The rapid clearance of ethylene glycol from the blood during hemodialysis is noted and the use of ethyl alcohol to block metabolic conversion of ethylene glycol to oxalic acid, which is also a toxin, is described. The importance of early diagnosis and therapy is stressed.
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PMID:"Bicarbonate resistant" metabolic acidosis in association with ethylene glycol intoxication. 127 68

By using an ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model, we assessed the role of testosterone in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. The intact and castrated male and female rats were fed with 0.5% ethylene glycol in drinking water for four weeks. The renal excretions of oxalate, citrate and other electrolytes were measured, and the stone and crystal deposit were examined microscopically. The results showed that drinking a loading of 0.5% ethylene glycol for four weeks produced hyperoxaluria in all rats, but the intact male rats excreted more urinary oxalate than any other groups of rats. The ethylene glycol-fed rats exhibited hypocitraturia except the castrated male rats. However, urolithiasis occurred in intact male but not female rats. Castration in male rats fed with ethylene glycol dramatically decreased the incidence of renal stone from 71.4% (5/7) to 14.3% (1/7). On the other hand, there was still no renal stone formed in the oophorectomized female rats which received ethylene glycol treatment. These data indicate that serum testosterone level plays a determinant role in urolithiasis formation.
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PMID:Determinant role of testosterone in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in rats. 155 10

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with various hyperoxaluric agents including ammonium oxalate, hydroxy-L-proline, and ethylene glycol. All treatments resulted in increased urinary oxalate. Associated with hyperoxaluria was an increase in urinary levels of renal enzymes, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Most of the rats did not demonstrate any significant change in urinary levels of beta-galactosidase. There was a highly significant positive correlation between urinary oxalate and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase.
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PMID:Urinary enzymes and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. 257 Jan 67

A case of severe poisoning with ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE) after massive ingestion is described. Deep coma, metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia, haemoglobinuria, oxaluria and a transitory rise in the serum creatinine level were observed. The elimination of the various metabolites butoxyacetic acid and oxalate was assessed in urine and a metabolic pattern for EGBE is suggested.
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PMID:Severe ethylene glycol butyl ether poisoning. Kinetics and metabolic pattern. 337 7

As calcium oxalate stones are the most important component in urolithiasis, an experimental model has to be designed to clarify the pathogenesis and aid in their prevention. Hyperoxaluria as well as hypercalciuria were produced in rats by administering ethylene glycol (0.5%, in drinking water administered ad libitum) and 1-alpha (OH) D3 (0.5 micrograms/rat given every other day), respectively, for three to four weeks. Neither drug alone produced stones efficiently as did the combination regimen of these two compounds. The occurrence of stones was 77.3%, and with only a moderate degree of renal functional impairment. Biochemical and histological data were obtained using this model.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on calcium urolithiasis: (I) Animal model for calcium oxalate urolithiasis using ethylene glycol and 1-alpha (OH) D3]. 403 34

Although acute poisoning with ethylene glycol (EG) used in antifreeze mixtures is well known in man, only a few reports have described acute intoxication with diethylene glycol (DEG) and only one has mentioned oxaluria. Furthermore, there is no experimental evidence that DEG is metabolized into oxalate. The ability of ethanol infusions to prevent hepatic oxidation of DEG has not been proved. Moreover, failure of this treatment has been reported by some authors. In order to resolve such questions, Wistar male adult rats possessing a hepatic alcohol deshydrogenase were given a single oral dose of 15 ml/kg-1 DEG. Rats were either untreated or treated with hydration alone or associated with bicarbonate or ethanol. Urinary output, urinary oxalate excretion, acid-base balance in peripheral blood and renal histology were studied. Acute poisoning induced metabolic acidosis, polyuria, hyperoxaluria with renal tubular necrosis and a 66% mortality. Massive hydration improved acidosis and prognosis, but mortality and renal lesions were avoided only when bicarbonate or ethanol were added. Only ethanol significantly decreased oxaluria. In acute DEG poisoning, both the mechanism and the treatment appear to be the same as in acute EG intoxication.
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PMID:[Acute human and experimental poisoning with diethylene glycol]. 630 69

The intestinal permeation and 6-hour urinary recovery of small, multisized tracers, polyethyleneglycol 400 (PEG 400), was used to characterize gut permeability in nine patients after bypass surgery for morbid obesity and in ten healthy volunteers. In the patients, who also had hyperoxaluria, the urinary recovery of ingested PEG 400 was lower than in the healthy persons (10.9 and 24.7%). The patients also showed stronger intestinal exclusion of the larger polymers within the PEG 400.
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PMID:Reduced intestinal permeability to low-molecular-weight polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400) in patients with jejunoileal bypass. 651 79

Ten car mechanics frequently exposed to glycol-based cooling liquids were followed during a workshift. Airborne ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations in the car mechanics' environment were measured. The car mechanics gave urine samples after the workshift and their excretion of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, oxalic acid, calcium and ammonia was analysed and compared to that of unexposed office workers. Urinary succinate dehydrogenase activity and glycosaminoglycans were also measured in both groups. Airborne ethylene and propylene glycol concentrations in the car mechanics' environment were negligible. Urinary ethylene glycol excretion in exposed workers was significantly higher than that in unexposed workers, but propylene glycol excretion was at the same levels as in controls. In the exposed group, the excretion of the end metabolite of ethylene glycol, oxalic acid (47 +/- 11 mmol/mol creatinine, mean +/- SD, n = 10) differed slightly from that of controls (36 +/- 14 mmol/mol creatinine, mean +/- SD, n = 10). Urinary excretion of ammonia was higher among exposed workers than office workers. The excretion of calcium did not differ from that of controls. A marginally decreased urinary succinate dehydrogenase activity was found in the exposed men. The excretion of glycosaminoglycans was significantly lower in exposed workers. Therefore, it seems that ethylene glycol is absorbed by skin contact. The internal body burden is associated with oxaluria and increased ammoniagenesis typical of chronic acidosis.
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PMID:Exposure to glycols and their renal effects in motor servicing workers. 757 1

To evaluate the possible traumatizing effect of high-energy shockwaves (HESW) on new stone formation as indicated by crystal deposition in the renal parenchyma, we performed an experimental study in 50 rabbits. During severe oxaluria induced by continuous ethylene glycol (0.75%) administration, animals in the first group (N = 15) received 500 to 1500 shockwaves. Animals in the second group (N = 15) underwent no specific therapy apart from ethylene glycol administration. In a third group of animals (N = 15), only shockwave administration was applied. Sham group animals constituted the last group in our study (N = 5). Three months after shockwave application, tissue sections obtained from treated and untreated kidneys were evaluated histopathologically under light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the presence and degree of crystal deposition in the cortical parenchymal region subjected to HESW. Crystal deposition was evident in the intercellular region and intratubular parts of the parenchyma in animals subjected to HESW application, especially in those receiving relatively high (1000 or 1500) numbers of shockwaves. On the other hand, no crystal formation and deposition was detectable in animals undergoing only ethylene glycol therapy or shockwave administration alone. Sham group animals demonstrated no significant renal histopathology. The traumatic effects of HESW should be evaluated as a factor in new stone formation after SWL.
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PMID:Stone recurrence after shockwave lithotripsy: possible enhanced crystal deposition in traumatized tissue in rabbit model. 897 83


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