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Query: UMLS:C0020500 (hyperoxaluria)
 912 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were challenged with various hyperoxaluric agents including ammonium oxalate, hydroxy-L-proline, and ethylene glycol. All treatments resulted in increased urinary oxalate. Associated with hyperoxaluria was an increase in urinary levels of renal enzymes, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Most of the rats did not demonstrate any significant change in urinary levels of beta-galactosidase. There was a highly significant positive correlation between urinary oxalate and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase.
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PMID:Urinary enzymes and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. 257 Jan 67

The in vivo effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal retention in experimental hyperoxaluric rats was investigated. Further, the effect of pretreatment of vitamin E on the above conditions was also studied. Male Wistar rats were divided into two major groups each containing 40 rats. One of the groups was pretreated with vitamin E. Both major groups were then subgrouped into four groups: group 1 received the vehicle (olive oil); group 2 received CsA in olive oil (50 mg/kg); group 3 received 3% ammonium oxalate (AmOx), and group 4 received CsA + AmOx. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by the activities of urinary marker enzymes and also by histopathology. Urinary oxalate excretion as well as the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase enzymes were elevated either in CsA-alone or AmOx-alone treated groups. On combined administration of both CsA and AmOx, further elevations of these enzymes were observed. Urinary excretion of oxalate concentration positively correlated with urinary excretion of these enzymes. Deposition of CaOx crystals was seen only in the kidneys of rats that received combined treatment. On pretreatment with vitamin E the observed increased urinary activities of the enzymes and oxalate, histopathological changes and the deposition of CaOx crystals by administration of CsA in hyperoxaluria were prevented suggesting that vitamin E could be supplemented to prevent CsA-induced membrane damage.
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PMID:Vitamin E pretreatment prevents cyclosporin A-induced crystal deposition in hyperoxaluric rats. 903 Dec 74

The role of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in renal tubular damage mediated calcium oxalate retention was investigated in a rat model. Hyperoxaluria, without deposition of oxalate in kidney, was induced by administration of ethylene glycol (EG), a precursor of oxalate. Oxidative stress condition was produced by administration of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis. BSO-treated rats showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in LPO over EG-treated rats and it was almost doubled in BSO + EG treated rats. LPO was accompanied by significant urinary excretion of renal damage marker enzymes such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cathepsin D, mucoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the BSO and BSO + EG groups but not in the EG group. Urinary excretion of gamma-GT (r = +0.90) (p < 0.001) and deposition of oxalate (r = +0.78) (p < 0.001) in kidney positively correlated with LPO. These results suggest that LPO initiates renal damage, thereby leading to calcium oxalate retention and stone formation.
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PMID:Renal injury mediated calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: role of lipid peroxidation. 915 57

Our aim was to develop a stone-forming animal model involving renal tubular injury using a cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed chow containing 3% sodium oxalate with or without 100 mg/kg celecoxib were compared to animals fed normal chow. Rats were killed after 2 or 4 weeks and the kidneys were harvested for morphological examination. Collections of 24-h urine were made before kidney harvest. After 2 weeks only a few crystals were observed in rats that received oxalate and celecoxib, but after 4 weeks more crystals were observed at the renal papilla than in rats that received only oxalate. Few crystals were found in rats fed normal chow with or without celecoxib. The urinary activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were increased by celecoxib administration whereas creatinine clearance rates were unchanged. In rats fed oxalate, urinary oxalate excretion increased, but calcium excretion decreased. This model using a cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor is a useful stone forming animal model involving mild renal tubular injury together with mild hyperoxaluria.
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PMID:An animal model of calcium oxalate urolithiasis based on a cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitor. 1631 70