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Query: UMLS:C0020500 (hyperoxaluria)
 912 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nephrolithiasis is a heterogeneous disorder, with varying chemical composition and pathophysiologic background. Although kidney stones are generally composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, they may also consist of uric acid, magnesium-ammonium phosphate, or cystine. Stones develop from a wide variety of metabolic or environmental disturbances, including varying forms of hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, undue urinary acidity, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, infection with urease-producing organisms, and cystinuria. The cause of stone formation may be ascertained in most patients using the reliable diagnostic protocols that are available for the identification of these disturbances. Effective medical treatments, capable of correcting underlying derangements, have been formulated. They include sodium cellulose phosphate, thiazide, and orthophosphate for hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis; potassium citrate for hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis; acetohydroxamic acid for infection stones; and D-penicillamine and alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine for cystinuria. Using these treatments, new stone formation can now be prevented in most patients.
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PMID:Etiology and treatment of urolithiasis. 196 46

Epidemiologic investigation did not show any special environmental combination causing urinary calculi creation. The disease concerns usually people between 25-50 year old. Most of the urinary calculi are compound of calcium oxalate and phosphate. In contaminated urine more often ammonia-magnesium phosphate. General constitutional factors having influence on urinary stones creation are specific gravidity, crystallization inhibiting factors concentration, hypercalcuria, urine acidity, hyperoxaluria and urinary tract infection. Unilateral, single urine stone is usually the effect of the local factors. Bilateral and multiple urinary stones are usually the effect of the local factors. Bilateral and multiple urinary stones usually are the effect of general constitutional and environmental factors. Complaints depend on the stone localisation, its dimensions and period of the disease. Nowadays most of the urinary calculi localised in the kidneys and ureters are treated with ESWL, PCNL and URS. Staghorn calculi are treated with the combination of PCNL and ESWL or operatively. Urinary stones localised in the bladder can be the consequence of descending ureteral stones, but usually they are created in the bladder as a consequence of the subvesical obstruction. The treatment is based on transurethral lithotripsy with simultaneous obstruction treatment by electrosurgery of the prostate or bladder neck or visual urethrotomy. Large and hard stones can be removed by cysto-lithotomy. Metafilaxis is the recurrences prevention, based first of all on diminution of crystalloid concentration and their solubility in the urine and providing crystallization inhibiting factors. Calculi composed of urine acid can be treated conservatively by their dilution.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis]. 1008 29

Oxalate degradation by the anaerobic bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes is important for human health, helping to prevent hyperoxaluria and disorders such as the development of kidney stones. Oxalate-degrading activity cannot be detected in the gut flora of some individuals, possibly because Oxalobacter is susceptible to commonly used antimicrobials. Here, clarithromycin, doxycycline, and some other antibiotics inhibited oxalate degradation by two human strains of O. formigenes. These strains varied in their response to gut environmental factors, including exposure to gastric acidity and bile salts. O. formigenes strains established oxalate breakdown in fermentors which were preinoculated with fecal bacteria from individuals lacking oxalate-degrading activity. Reducing the concentration of oxalate in the medium reduced the numbers of O. formigenes bacteria. Oxalate degradation was established and maintained at dilution rates comparable to colonic transit times in healthy individuals. A single oral ingestion of O. formigenes by adult volunteers was, for the first time, shown to result in (i) reduced urinary oxalate excretion following administration of an oxalate load, (ii) the recovery of oxalate-degrading activity in feces, and (iii) prolonged retention of colonization.
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PMID:Oxalobacter formigenes and its potential role in human health. 1214 79