Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020500 (hyperoxaluria)
 912 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abnormal dietary habits that lead to hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypereruricosuria, and hypocitraturia do not always result in nephrolithiasis. A concept is emerging according to which, to account for renal stone formation in the face of the aforementioned biochemical disorders, one must search for underlying conditions in patients with the disease. Work carried out over the past few years and reviewed herein definitely supports this idea and includes the following processes: 1) interleukin-1 production by monocytes to augment the impact of dietary hypercalciuria; 2) disturbed activation of pyridoxine to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to aggravate dietary hyperoxaluria; 3) abnormal intestinal transport of citrate to aggravate dietary hypocitraturia; 4) molecular abnormalities of glycoprotein inhibitors to aggravate the promotive effect of the diet on urinary crystallization; and 5) renal tubular lesions to favor particle retention and stone formation. This article reviews the most recent literature and discusses the author's "powder keg and tinderbox" theory of idiopathic calcium stone disease.
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PMID:Renal stone disease in the 1990s: the powder keg and tinderbox theory. 136 43

Xanthium strumarium has traditionally been used in the treatment of urolitiasis especially by the rural people in India, but its antiurolithiatic efficacy was not explored scientifically till now. Therefore, the present study was designed to validate the ethnic practice scientifically, and explore the possible antiurolithiatic effect to rationalize its medicinal use. Urolitiasis was induced in hyperoxaluric rat model by giving 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) for 28days along with 1% ammonium chloride (AC) for first 14days. Antiurolithiatic effect of aqueous-ethanol extract of Xanthium strumarium bur (xanthium) was evaluated based on urine and serum biochemistry, oxidative/nitrosative stress indices, histopathology, kidney calcium and calcium oxalate content and immunohistochemical expression of matrix glycoprotein, osteopontin (OPN). Administration of EG and AC resulted in hyperoxaluria, crystalluria, hypocalciuria, polyurea, raised serum urea, creatinine, erythrocytic lipid peroxidise and nitric oxide, kidney calcium content as well as crystal deposition in kidney section in lithiatic group rats. However, xanthium treatment significantly restored the impairment in above kidney function test as that of standard treatment, cystone. The up-regulation of OPN was also significantly decreased after xanthium treatment. The present findings demonstrate the curative efficacy of xanthium in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis, possibly mediated through inhibition of various pathways involved in renal calcium oxalate formation, antioxidant property and down regulation of matrix glycoprotein, OPN. Therefore, future studies may be established to evaluate its efficacy and safety for clinical use.
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PMID:Alteration in Oxidative/nitrosative imbalance, histochemical expression of osteopontin and antiurolithiatic efficacy of Xanthium strumarium (L.) in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis. 2787 12