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Query: UMLS:C0020500 (hyperoxaluria)
 912 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-three children with urinary calculi were studied. In 12, a metabolic cause of calculi was identified (4 hyperoxaluria, 6 hypercalciuria, 2 cystinuria). In 14 children, lithiasis was associated with a urinary tract infection. No identifiable cause could be found in 7 children. A protocol for metabolic evaluation is proposed.
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PMID:[Urinary calculi in children. Etiologic survey]. 276 80

A thorough metabolic evaluation of all staghorn stone patients seems justified, considering the results obtained by the study of 27 such cases. Pak's ambulatory screening test, slightly modified, was used. This allowed the finding of a hypercalciuria in more than 50% of the cases, a hyperuricosuria in 63% of the cases and a hyperoxaluria in one case out of five. A metabolic anomaly was not detected in two patients. Although urinary tract infection, present in 75% of the cases is essential to the genesis of a staghorn stone, the question raises whether metabolic anomalies are not the primary cause of the stone formation.
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PMID:[A study of the causes of staghorn calculi]. 281 90

In the present study Farnolith (a granular powder consisting of different dietary fibres) was given to normals (n = 6), patients suffering from absorptive hypercalciuria type I (n = 6) and to one patient suffering from renal hypercalciuria. Farnolith binds calcium and reduces the calcium absorption from the intestine. In normals the urine- and serum parameters of calcium metabolism (total- and ionised calcium, parathyroid hormone and vitamin-D-metabolites) remained unchanged. In patients suffering from absorptive hypercalciuria type I a significant reduction of hypercalciuria was found; oxalic acid excretion had decreased as well. Lowered parathyroid hormone values returned to normal, vitamin-D-metabolites remained unaffected. In one patient suffering from renal hypercalciuria parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D values increased, calcium excretion had not decreased, though. Our investigation shows that Farnolith is suitable for the treatment of absorptive hypercalciuria. Calcium homoeostasis is returned to normal by Farnolith, at the same time it does not produce secondary hyperoxaluria (as e.g. sodium cellulose phosphate). Patients with primary renal calcium loss should not be treated by Farnolith.
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PMID:Calcium metabolism in normal and in hypercalciuric patients on Farnolith, a dietary fibre preparation. 285 67

Spaceflight could provoke formation of kidney stones, in part by causing hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia. Applicants for spaceflight who have metabolic or environmental derangements to begin with might be particularly susceptible to stone formation in space. We, therefore, analyzed 24-h urine samples for stone-forming risk factors in 104 male applicants before their selection into the astronaut-mission specialist corps. The urinary environment was abnormally supersaturated with calcium oxalate in 25.0% of applicants, brushite in 36.5%, and monosodium urate in 66.3%, predisposing these applicants to crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts. This high level of supersaturation was caused by both "metabolic" and environmental disturbances. Thus, hypercalciuria was found in 11.5% of applicants, hyperoxaluria in 2.9%, hyperuricosuria in 18.3% and hypocitraturia in 5.8%. Environmental derangements were generally more prominent, as indicated by low urine volume of less than 2 L.d-1 in 84.6%, high urinary phosphate in 24.4%, and high urinary sodium in 10.6% of applicants. The results suggest that most of the abnormal stone risk factors disclosed among applicants for spaceflight programs were environmental in origin.
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PMID:Assessing applicants to the NASA flight program for their renal stone-forming potential. 293 Apr 28

An assay system for the measurement of the rate of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM) seed crystal growth in a metastable solution of calcium chloride and sodium oxalate containing traces of 14C-oxalic acid was used to assess the inhibitory activity of pyrophosphate (10(-5) M-10(-4) M), citrate (10(-4) M-10(-3) M) and urines of normal and pyridoxine deficient rats. Both pyrophosphate and citrate were strong inhibitors of COM crystal growth and caused a 50% decrease in crystal growth rate at 1.50 X 10(-5) M and 2.85 X 10(-4) M respectively. Normal rat urine strongly inhibited the COM crystal growth, while pyridoxine deficient animals showed a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in mean inhibitory activity as compared to pair-fed controls. A lowered urinary inhibitory potential accompanied with hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria, which is known to be associated with pyridoxine deficiency, may be a contributory risk of calcium oxalate crystallization and stone formation.
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PMID:Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal growth by pyrophosphate, citrate and rat urine. 302 39

A group of normal children with a free diet was studied. Their first morning urine (n = 176) and their 24-hour-urine (n = 64) was collected, valuing the calciuria, magnesiuria, uricosuria and oxaluria, establishing their relationship with a dietetic survey. Ca/Cr rate value was 0.13 +/- 0.7 mg/mg in the morning urine, and 0.12 +/- 0.06 mg/mg in the 24-hour-urine. Calciuria (mg/kg/day) was 2.46 +/- 1.45, higher to that noticed by other authors. Prevalence of hypercalciuria was 7.8%. We haven't noticed any correlation between the calciuria (mg/kg/day) and the consumption of proteins and carbohydrates. A positive correlation was found between Ca/Cr and Na/Cr rate, together with high natriuria (3.87 +/- 1.35 mEq/kg/day); these findings could justify the elevated calciuria in the children studied. Mean values of magnesium and uric acid were 0.04 +/- 0.02 and 0.30 +/- 0.08 mg/100 ml FG, respectively and the oxaluria was 34.51 +/- 16.35 mg/day/1.73 m2.
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PMID:[Urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, uric acid and oxalic acid in normal children]. 319 27

Despite the frequency and morbidity of nephrolithiasis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), this association has not been subject to a detailed study. One hundred fifty-one of 751 ADPKD patients seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1976 and 1986 had nephrolithiasis. Seventy-four had passed calculi or had stones surgically removed. Stone analysis was available in 30 patients: uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and struvite were present in 56.6%, 46.6%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Calculi were observed in 71 of 79 patients with excretory urograms available for review. Faintly opaque and bull's eye stones, probably containing uric acid, were present in 12.7% and 14.1% of these patients, respectively. Precaliceal tubular ectasia was observed in 15.5%. Ninety-seven patients had preserved renal function (serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL) at the initial evaluation. Six were excluded because they had other known causes of stone disease. The most common metabolic abnormality in the remaining 91 patients was hypocitric aciduria (ten of 15 patients with measurements). The urine pH in the first voided morning specimens (5.66 +/- 0.05) was significantly lower than that of an unselected control population (5.92 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.001). Hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypercalciuria were observed in six of 32 (18.8%), six of 31 (19.4%), and three of 39 (9.7%) patients with preserved renal function. The composition of the stones, the frequency of hypocitric aciduria, and the low urine pH (possibly related to the defect in excretion of ammonia described in ADPKD), suggest that metabolic, along with mechanical, factors are responsible for the frequent occurrence of nephrolithiasis in this disease.
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PMID:The association of nephrolithiasis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. 335 68

Calcium oxalate uroliths are commonly called metabolic uroliths because they are sequelae of a variety of metabolic abnormalities that alter the composition of body fluids and urine. Factors incriminated in the etiopathogenesis of calcium oxalate urolithiasis include hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. The predominant type of calcium oxalate urolith encountered in dogs is the monohydrate form; however, the dihydrate form may also occur. Male dogs have been more frequently affected than female dogs. Medical therapy should be formulated with the goal of reducing urine concentration of calculogenic substances.
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PMID:Etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis. 351 99

Precipitation of calcium oxalate was studied in a group of ten patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy with glycine irrigation. Post operatively all patients showed hyperoxaluria; 60% with oxaluria higher than 10 times the critical concentration of calcium oxalate in urine. Other factors, known to favour crystallogenesis were modified during the same period: low urinary output, relative hypercalciuria and uraturia and hypomagnesuria. Thus, conditions for intraluminal precipitation of calcium oxalate were present post operatively. We suggest the use of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor to prevent hyperoxaluria.
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PMID:Calcium oxalate precipitation in urine following T.U.R. with glycine as irrigation fluid. 367 69

The increasing incidence of urolithiasis makes it important to report about 34 children with urolithiasis seen between 1976 and 1986 at the Department of Pediatrics, University Medical School Vienna. At the time of the first diagnosis 59 percent of the patients were less than 7 years of age; 62 percent of our patients were males. Recurrent chronic urinary tract infection in 32 percent, metabolic disorder (secondary hyperoxaluria 5, idiopathic hypercalciuria 3, cystinuria 2, hyperuricuria 2) in 27 percent were evaluated; in 13 patients the origin of calculi was idiopathic. Most infectious stones contained magnesium ammonium phosphate, most idiopathic stones calcium oxalate. In 21 patients (62%) surgical treatment, in one patient extracorporal shock wave lithotripsie was realized. Adequate metaphylaxis (general, dietetic, medicementous) can lower the rate of occurrence of stone formation.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis in pediatrics: analysis of 34 patients]. 368 52


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