Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020500 (hyperoxaluria)
 912 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The addition of sucrose to drinking water of rats at the rate of 2.5 or 5 grams per 100 ml, for one month, induced hypercalciuria which appeared to be dependent on the degree of supplementation. In spite of these disorders, calcium deposits were not observed in treated animals. This protection against renal calculi was probably due to high urinary excretions of magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and copper. These lithogenesis inhibitors varied, like oxaluria and calciuria, in parallel with dietary sucrose intake.
 ...
PMID:[Is sucrose a risk factor in calculus formation?]. 174 29

The presence of mild hyperoxaluria in recurrent calcium oxalate stone formers is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify recurrent stone formers with mild hyperoxaluria and to classify them further by assessing their response to a low oxalate diet. In addition, the prevalence of other risk factors for stone formation in this group of patients was investigated. A total of 207 consecutive patients with recurrent renal calculi were screened and 40 (19%) were found to have mild hyperoxaluria. Of these, 18 (45%) responded to dietary oxalate restriction by normalising their urinary oxalate. The remaining 22 patients were classified as having idiopathic hyperoxaluria and were subdivided into those in whom urinary oxalate excretion was consistently elevated in all specimens measured and those in whom the elevation was intermittent in nature. Dietary oxalate restriction had a partially beneficial effect in lowering oxalate excretion in the patients with persistent hyperoxaluria. No difference in urinary oxalate excretion was found after dietary restriction in the patients with intermittent hyperoxaluria. Other risk factors, including dietary, absorptive and renal hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia, were documented, the prevalence of which (65%) was not significantly different from that (62.5%) found in 40 age- and sex-matched calcium stone formers without hyperoxaluria. The prevalence of hyperuricosuria was significantly greater in patients with hyperoxaluria when compared with stone controls. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of hyperoxaluria in recurrent stone formers.
 ...
PMID:Hyperoxaluria in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate calculi: dietary and other risk factors. 174 16

We report a retrospective study of 51 children who presented urolithiasis between 1980 and 1989 in our Hospital. Mean age was 7 years and the male:female ratio was 2. 1:1. A positive family history was found in 60% of cases. It was done metabolic evaluation in every case: hypercalciuria was found in 34% of cases. In 6% of cases there were hyperuricosuria. None of our patients presented hyperoxaluria, cystinuria or hypocitraturia. Abdominal echography was the most sensible an specific imaging technique of diagnosis. In 16 cases it was necessary a surgical procedure although most cases received only medical management. Four patients were treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. We emphasize the importance of metabolic evaluation. We report our own protocol of study and results.
 ...
PMID:[Urolithiasis in childhood]. 177 65

The main risk factors for calcium urolithiasis that are clinically detectable are low diuresis, hypercalciuria, hyperruricuria, alkaline urinary pH, hyperoxaluria, hypomagnesuria, hypocitraturia. They should be evaluated, all the more precisely that the disease is active, under both the urological and metabolic points of view, using 24 hour urine collection made at home on a free diet with a dietary record. In the majority of the cases the calcic urolithiasis is idiopathic, i.e. not related to a cause of secondary hypercalciuria like primary hyperparathyroidism, or to a hyperroxaluria either primary or of digestive or toxic origin. Its treatment if mainly dietary with high fluid intake (diuresis greater than 2 1/24 h), normoclacic diet (800-1000h mh/24 h) with meat but not dairy product restriction, oxalate salts, carbohydrate and alcohol restriction. These dietary recommendations should be controlled by measuring the above cited parameters in the 24 hour urine samples and by measuring urea excretion which should not exceed 0.33 g/kg of body weight. When diet fails, drugs may be added mainly allopurinol, thiazides and potassium citrate.
 ...
PMID:[Physiopathology, exploration and treatment of calcium lithiasis]. 178 95

No information exists in the literature about the optimal time for metabolic evaluation of stone patients in relation to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment. It is uncertain whether the presence of a stone, ESWL treatment itself or subsequent colic episodes influence the urinary risk factors. A prospective study was performed to determine the optimal period for metabolic evaluation. Two 24-hour urine samples were collected directly before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after therapy in an outpatient setting and tested for total volume, calcium, uric acid, oxalate, citrate and creatinine levels. A total of 66 patients was available for evaluation. Comparison of the 4 subsequent collecting periods showed no statistically significant differences in the excretion values. Also, in subgroups of patients with colic (16%), on a calcium oxalate restricted diet (12%) and with repeated treatments within 3 months (33%) no differences were noted. This means that the presence of a stone, treatment itself or subsequent colic episodes have no adverse effect on the urinary risk factors. For practical reasons metabolic evaluation directly before ESWL treatment seems most attractive. In the pre-ESWL samples hypercalciuria (greater than 7.5 mmol./24 hours), hyperuricosuria (greater than 6 mmol./24 hours), hyperoxaluria (greater than 0.5 mmol./24 hours) and hypocitraturia (less than 2 mmol./24 hours) were found in 31%, 12%, 18% and 27%, respectively, of the patients. It is concluded that metabolic evaluation before ESWL is practical, applicable and reliable.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic evaluation in stone patients in relation to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment. 194 22

Nephrolithiasis is a heterogeneous disorder, with varying chemical composition and pathophysiologic background. Although kidney stones are generally composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, they may also consist of uric acid, magnesium-ammonium phosphate, or cystine. Stones develop from a wide variety of metabolic or environmental disturbances, including varying forms of hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, undue urinary acidity, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, infection with urease-producing organisms, and cystinuria. The cause of stone formation may be ascertained in most patients using the reliable diagnostic protocols that are available for the identification of these disturbances. Effective medical treatments, capable of correcting underlying derangements, have been formulated. They include sodium cellulose phosphate, thiazide, and orthophosphate for hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis; potassium citrate for hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis; acetohydroxamic acid for infection stones; and D-penicillamine and alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine for cystinuria. Using these treatments, new stone formation can now be prevented in most patients.
 ...
PMID:Etiology and treatment of urolithiasis. 196 46

The role of the kidney in states of hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria was investigated in seven patients with hyperoxaluria after jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and six patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC). Eight apparently healthy persons formed a control group. Besides hyperoxaluria, the patients with JIB displayed an elevated plasma concentration of oxalate and the oxalate clearance was increased and higher than creatinine clearance, indicating a net tubular secretion of oxalate. The JIB patients had lower 24-h urinary excretions of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and citrate and higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) than controls, indicating increased secretion of PTH to compensate for calcium malabsorption. IHC patients exhibited increased fasting urinary calcium even though their serum values were similar to those in the controls. These results indicate a reduced tubular calcium reabsorption, which was most pronounced in patients with highest PTH values. We conclude that hyperoxaluria in JIB patients is associated both with intestinal hyperabsorption and with enhanced tubular secretion of oxalate, and that in some patients with IHC hypercalciuria is due to reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium.
 ...
PMID:Hyperoxaluria or hypercalciuria in nephrolithiasis: the importance of renal tubular functions. 212 87

Seventeen hypercalciuria patients (8 control, 9 treatment) with a history of urolithiasis were randomly selected to receive low-calcium, low-oxalate diets with or without the addition of 30 g of dietary fiber as unprocessed wheat bran. Diet alone resulted in a 5.6 percent decrease in calciuria compared with a 23.5 percent decrease with the addition of the fiber. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide and potassium citrate further reduced calciuria by 40.4 percent and 34.5 percent, respectively. Oxaluria was decreased 21.4 percent by diet alone compared with 3.9 percent in the diet and fiber treatment group. Patient compliance to diets was good, and no complications resulted from fiber intake.
 ...
PMID:Effect of unprocessed wheat bran on calciuria and oxaluria in patients with urolithiasis. 215 68

Different mathematical expressions have been proposed in the literature with the aim to reflect the risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Such expressions, as well as a number of new relationships proposed by us, have been evaluated in 76 patients and 34 normal subjects. Stone-formers were divided into two groups: patients with normal calcium and oxalate excretion and patients with hypercalciuria and/or hyperoxaluria. The results obtained were comparatively evaluated. Several formulae gave some acceptable results, but none of them were excellent. This can be explained by the fact that these discrimination indexes more or less reflect supersaturation and/or inhibition deficit, but none of them reflect promoting factors such as heterogeneous nucleation and/or aggregation capacity.
 ...
PMID:Can a relationship reflect the risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis? 221 Sep 74

Fifty patients were followed-up for an average of 3 years after treatment for urinary bladder calculi. In 10 of these (20%) altogether 20 metabolic or endocrine diagnoses were revealed at follow-up: hypercalcaemia, 8; hyperuricosaemia, 4; high parathormone, 3; hyperuricosuria, 2; hypercalciuria, 2: hyperoxaluria, 1. About half of the patients also had other diagnoses, dominated by outflow obstruction at the prostatic level, followed by neurogenic bladder disorder. Fifteen had developed new bladder calculi. Urography revealed upper tract calculi in 12 patients, but 11 of these were free from metabolic disorder. Significant bacteriuria was common (24%). Our conclusion is that a follow-up is to be recommended after treatment of bladder calculi. It should include cystoscopy and screening for endocrine/metabolic disorders.
 ...
PMID:Follow-up of patients treated for urinary bladder calculi. 222 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>