Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported a 68-year-old man with anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome who presented slowly progressive pure motor monoparesis(PMM) in left upper extremity as a sign of cerebral infarction. He had history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He first noticed clumsiness in left fingers, then weakness of left fingers with drop hand developing gradually in 2 to 6 weeks. He began to feel difficulty in raising left upper arm in 8 weeks and was admitted to our hospital. On admission, he exhibited severe weakness in distal portion and moderate weakness in proximal portion of left upper extremity. Deep tendon reflexes were slightly hyperactive in left side. Muscle strength of right upper extremity and bilateral lower extremities were normal. There was no sensory and autonomic abnormality. Laboratory examination revealed high titer of anti-cardiolipin IgM antibody. Brain MRI demonstrated a small cortical infarction in the right precentral gyrus. Cerebral angiography revealed severe stenosis in right common carotid artery. Other examinations including EMG were unremarkable. PMM in left upper extremity was considered to be caused by the ischemic lesion in the precentral motor cortex. Slowly progressive course might be explained by the hypovolemic factor due to the marked stenosis in right common carotid artery, poor collateral circulation, and abnormal coagulation caused by anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome.
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PMID:[A case of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with cerebral infarction showing slowly progressive pure motor monoparesis in unilateral upper extremity]. 1121 63

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death and disability in patients age 50 and older. PAD progresses gradually and silently over many years, occluding the lumen of arteries that supply blood to the extremities. Symptoms of peripheral arterial insufficiency include intermittent claudication, rest pain, and impotence. Nonoperative management--including the control of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking--is the most effective method to lower the risk of morbidity from PAD. Diagnostic technologies such as color duplex imaging, MRI, and MRA complement the clinical assessment of PAD and provide a stronger foundation for treatment decisions in the primary care setting.
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PMID:Peripheral arterial disease. Medical management in primary care practice. 1130 19

We experienced a case of 62-year-old woman who was admitted for the evaluation of her trembling hands. She was diagnosed as Williams syndrome (WS) by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. She was short in stature, had a characteristic face and moderate mental retardation, whereas she was talkative and gregarious. She also presented impaired visuospatial cognition, cerebellar ataxia and tremor like involuntary movement of the hands. No remarkable abnormality is noted in MRI of the brain. MRA study of the brain revealed the arteriosclerotic vascular change, such as elongation of basilar artery and dilatation of bilateral carotid arteries. Heterozygous microdeletion of chromosome 7q11.23 of this patient is typical for WS, the delction including elastin (ELN) and LIMK 1 gene. Although she was complicated by diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, she had no cardiovascular abnormalities like supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), and survived to her age in good condition. The tremor-like involuntary movement disappeared after her discharge and its mechanism remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:[Clinical features of a senior patient with Williams syndrome]. 1196 43

Stroke is the main manifestation of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Few studies report the insidious and progressive development of CVD. The aim of this study was the characterization of a CVD form without stroke in association with vascular subtypes and risk factors (VRF). From 105 CVD patients, 65 had stroke (62%), 13 of them had more than one stroke (20%), and 40 patients had a chronic progressive form (CPF) (38%). Mean evolution times up to maximum neurological deficiency were 1.57+/-0.94 and 344.25+/-210.96 days, respectively. Group results significantly associated with VRFs: hypertension (p=0.0046), hyperlipemia (p=0.0046) and atrial fibrillation (p=0.0173); with clinical manifestations: aphasia (p=0.0018), pyramidal syndrome (p=0.0000001) and small vessel disease (SVD) (p=0.0000001); and with MRI: bilateral infarctions (p=0.00009) and incomplete white matter lesions (IWMLs) (p=0.0061). Within the CPF group, dysarthria and complete infarctions were associated (p=0.00036). Most neurological disorders associated with CVD are related to CPF. The significant correlations of SVD, bilateral infarcts, IWMLs, dysarthria, several VRFs and the strong difference in evolution time up to maximum neurological deficiency values characterize CPF as a separate entity within CVD.
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PMID:Stroke vs. chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease: a magnetic resonance imaging study of symptomatic outpatients. 1241 59

Vascular parkinsonism has not been well defined and the clinical correlation of vascular parkinsonism is still not clear. The aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of occurrence of vascular parkinsonism, analysis of risk factors leading to its development and to identify clinical features that suggest a vascular origin. 214 patients with Parkinson's disease were examined. Their ages ranged from 37 to 88 years (median 66.4 years). Evidence of vascular parkinsonism was assessed using a vascular rating scale previously described by Winikates and Jankovic. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test, chi 2 Pearson test, chi 2 Yates test, Spearman rank correlation and Student's t test. Out of 214 patients 8 were proved to have developed Parkinson's disease due to vascular disease, what gave 3.74%. Out of risk factors for stroke 5 patients had hypertension, 3 had diabetes mellitus, 2 suffered from heart disease, 2 had infarctus myocardii, 1 had hyperlipidemia, 1 had atrial fibrillation. Additionally, those patients had neuroimaging (CT or MRI) evidence of vascular disease in one or more vascular territories. Patients with vascular parkinsonism were older, had shorter duration of disease, were more likely to present rigidity rather than tremor. Dementia and incontinence were more common in vascular group than in Parkinson's disease group. Patients with vascular parkinsonism were also significantly more likely to have corticospinal findings. Proving that Parkinson's disease had vascular etiology is extremely difficult. The test results are inconclusive.
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PMID:[Clinical correlation of vascular parkinsonism]. 1509 42

The vertigo symptom in breast cancer survivors has rarely been mentioned. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of vertigo in breast cancer survivors with vertigo. From May 1997 to April 2003, 36 consecutive female breast cancer survivors with vertigo underwent a battery of tests including physical examination, neurological examination, serum lipid profile, plain chest radiograph, whole body bone scan, liver sonography, audiometry, electronystagmography (ENG) and MRI scan. Based on these tests, the causes of vertigo were attributed to peripheral labyrinthine origin in 14 patients (39%) and central origin in 22 patients (61%) consisting of 11 cases of vascular insufficiency, eight of hyperlipidemia and three of posterior fossa metastases (8%). The latter included one case of cerebellopontine angle and two of cerebellum, accompanied by extracranial systemic metastases, e.g., of the lung, bone or liver. In conclusion, vertigo in breast cancer survivors warrants concern, especially in those with extra-cranial systemic metastasis accompanied by headache. In addition to 8% occurrence of posterior fossa metastasis, other possible causes for vertigo in breast cancer survivors consist of vascular insufficiency, hyperlipidemia and labyrinthine lesion.
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PMID:Investigating the causes of vertigo in breast cancer survivors. 1537 16

A 62-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of left chest pain. He was diagnosed with unstable angina with left heart failure and underwent intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) immediately. On the 3rd day after removal of the IABP (7th hospital day), he developed sudden paraplegia with pain. Spinal MRI on the 12th hospital day revealed a spinal swelling (Th11-L2). He was died of cardiac shock on the 19th hospital day. Autopsy examination of the spinal cord revealed a large infarct from the lower thoracic segment to the sacral segment. Microscopic examination of these areas disclosed occlusive emboli most frequently of the anterior spinal arteries including posterior spinal arteries. These emboli were found in two different forms, one consisting of new cholesterol emboli and the other of old atheromatous emboli. On autopsy, the aorta exhibited severe atherosclerosis with multiple ulcerative plaques, and there was infarction of the spleen. In our case, spinal cord infarction was caused by a massive amount of cholesterol crystals from the aorta related to IABP.
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PMID:[Spinal cord infarction due to cholesterol emboli complicating intra-aortic balloon pumping (case report and review of the literature)]. 1551 3

We investigated the influence of brain atrophy and white matter lesions on cognitive function in elderly people. We selected 33 subjects (mean age, 79.2 +/- 5.1yrs) with a MMSE score from 14 to 30 who had no previous history of stroke from the outpatients in the Memory Clinic of our hospital. These subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of their MMSE score as follows: 14-20; moderate dementia (Moderate-D, n = 9), 21-23; mild dementia (Mild-D, n = 9), 24-27; mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 10), 28-30; normal (Normal, n = 5). Among these four groups, we compared the frequency of the associated risk factors for cerebral infarction (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, heart disease), and the severity of brain atrophy and cerebral white matter lesion which were visually evaluated by MRI technique. Brain atrophy and white matter lesions were assessed by reviewing the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and deep white matter lesion (DWML) and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH), respectively. Brain atrophy was divided into three grades (mild, moderate, severe) and white matter lesions were classified into four grades (0-3) using Fazekas's criteria. We performed statistical analysis to detect t parameters which correlate with and influence MMSE scores from among the MRI findings. The cases with dementia were all diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease. There were no significant differences among the four groups in mean age, the incidence of individual associated risk factors, the severity of cortical atrophy, or the grade of DWML (< or = 2) and PVH (< or = 2). However, the frequency of hippocampal atrophic change greater than a moderate grade increased in parallel with the exacerbation of reduced cognitive function (Normal; 20%, MCI: 40%, Mild-D; 56%, Moderate-D 89%), and approximately 76% with such a change were AD cases. Statistical analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the grade of hippocampal atrophy and MMSE score (r = -0.518, p < 0.005) and a great influence of hippocampal atrophy on that score (step-wise regression analysis: r = 0.518, p < 0.005). From the above results, it was suggested that more than moderate atrophic change in the hippocampus might possibly be related with cognitive impairment and that both DWML and PVH less than the second grade had little influence on the decline of brain function.
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PMID:[A neuroradiological study on the influence of cerebral atrophy and white matter lesion on cognitive function in the elderly]. 1551 34

Dementia is the development of multiple cognitive deficits that includes memory impairment and at least one of the following--Aphasia, apraxia, agnosia or disturbances in executive functioning. The common causes of dementia among the elderly are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mixed dementia and Lewy body disease. The concept of reversible dementia was introduced in 1980 when a task force sponsored by National Institute of Ageing found 10-12% of dementia cases in older group to have reversible causes such as metabolic-nutritional, drugs, infections, psychiatric disorders etc. In our series of 76 patients in the presenile age group (<65 years), 34.21% (26/76) had a reversible condition underlying the dementia. 43.42% (33/76) had vascular dementia, 13.15% (10/76) had Alzheimer's disease and 9.21% (7/76) had mixed dementia. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus were commoner in the vascular dementia group as compared to the Alzheimer's group. Evaluation of MRI as a tool in diagnosis of dementia showed increased sensitivity of MRI towards detecting lacunes. The potentially reversible dementias comprised infections 14.47% (11/76), metabolic-nutritional 14.47% (11/76) and autoimmune diseases 3.94% (3/76). These were characterized by a subcortical dementia. Four month follow up of MMSE in this group showed significant and sustained improvement in the metabolic nutritional group.
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PMID:Presenile dementia--etiology, clinical profile and treatment response at four month follow up. 1588 51

A 75-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of paresis in her left arm and face. She had untreated hypertension and hyperlipidemia. When she came back home after playing with children in the park, she felt weakness in her left hand. On admission, physical examination revealed that her blood pressure was very high (200/102 mmHg). Only slight weakness in her left arm and left facial palsy were recognized neurologically. An electroencephalogram showed normal findings. Brain CT and MRI revealed a venous angioma near the right central sulcus. Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI showed a group of small radiating veins (so called "the caput medusae sign") connected to the venous angioma. The remaining symptoms decreased with the normalization of blood pressure. It is suggested the intracranial motor tracts of the face and arm in the precentral gyrus are adjacent to the location of this venous angioma. The dilation of venous angioma due to high blood pressure was thought to cause the paresis of face and arm in this patient.
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PMID:[A case of cerebral venous angioma with paresis of the left arm and face]. 1611 87


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