Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to examine the role of somatostatin in regulating changes in lipid metabolism of larvae and metamorphosing landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Larvae and animals in late metamorphosis (stage 6 on a 7-stage scale) were injected intraperitoneally once per day for 2 days with either saline (0.6%) or somatostatin-14 (SS-14; 500 ng/g body wt). Injection of SS-14 into larval and stage 6 metamorphosing animals resulted in elevated plasma fatty acids levels. In larvae, SS-14-induced hyperlipidemia was supported by enhanced lipolysis, as indicated by increased triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) activity in the liver and kidney. Mobilization of larval renal lipid was accompanied by reduced TG synthesis, as indicated by decreased diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity. In stage 6 metamorphosing lamprey, SS-14 did not significantly affect TGL activity; however, SS-14 significantly reduced fatty acid synthesis, as measured by acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, in kidney, liver, and muscle, as well as muscular TG synthesis. SS-14-stimulated lipid depletion is reminiscent of the pattern of lipid metabolism displayed by P. marinus during their spontaneous metamorphosis-an observation which suggests that somatostatin may play a role in metamorphosis-associated changes in lipid metabolism in this species.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1998 Aug
PMID:Effects of somatostatin on lipid metabolism of larvae and metamorphosing landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. 967 89

This study was designed to establish a hyperlipidemic diet (significant increase in the cholesterol and triglycerides blood levels, but without atherogenic changes in heart muscle and coronary vessels) and to investigate the influence of experimental hyperlipidemia on the effects of ischemic preconditioning (PC) of rat-isolated papillary muscle on the time course of contractility during simulated ischemia and reperfusion and responsiveness to phenylephrine under such a condition. The animals were divided in four experimental groups: standard diet-fed control group (SD), SD underwent ischemic preconditioning (SD-PC), hyperlipidemic diet-fed group (HLD) and HLD underOFFt PC (HLD-PC). Force of contraction (Fc), velocity of contraction (+dF/dt), and velocity of relaxation (-dF/dt) were measured. HLD preparations were more sensitive to ischemia then SD ones. PC, performed by 5-min perfusion with no-substrate solution gassing with 95% N2/5% CO2 in the presence of fast electrical stimulation, and 10 min of reperfusion with normal solution and rate of stimulation, significantly increased the resistance of isolated cardiac tissues to simulated ischemia in SD-PC group, but not in HLD-PC group. Negative inotropic action of phenylephrine occured in SD group of preparations after simulated-ischemia/reperfusion period was also prevented by PC. Therefore, we conclude that experimental hyperlipidemia significantly influenced the function of rat heart muscle including the higher sensitivity to ischemia and different reaction to the same PC procedure.
Gen Pharmacol 1999 Sep
PMID:Experimental hyperlipidemia prevents the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on the contractility and responsiveness to phenylephrine of rat-isolated stunned papillary muscle. 1048 Jun 53

Validation of the Coulter LH 750 was carried out in our central hospital laboratory, which processes 1500 hemograms per day for patients admitted into the 4 hospitals of our hospital complex and their corresponding outpatient departments. It is the reference laboratory for the provincial health care area. The analytical quality and the practical use of the instrument were studied, and we obtained within- and between-run imprecision estimates with reference controls of between 0.24% and 2.56% and inaccuracies of between -1.32% and 3.07% for basic hemogram parameters. Similar results were obtained with specimens from patients, with imprecision estimates between 0.56% and 2.56%. Linearity estimates were between 0.3 x 10(9)/L and 380 x 10(9)/L for leukocytes and between 3 x 10(9)/L and 1900 x 10(9)/L for platelets. The instrument evaluation was completed with a study of interference by bilirubin, lipemia, hemolysis, platelet clumps, and heparin and an examination of other variables, including carryover, detection limits, and the correlation of results with those of the Coulter Gen-S. A special evaluation was made of the new erythroblast count feature; with reference controls, imprecision estimates for this count were 10% to 12%, and with patient specimens imprecision averaged 10.39% up to 4 erythroblasts per 100 leukocytes. We also studied the correlation of LH 750 results and interferences with those of the manual reference method. Finally, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards protocols were used to test for suspect and confirmation flags in leukocyte differential counts for 258 specimens representative of our routine. The practicability of the analyzer was studied in terms of technical difficulty, speed, and cost; also evaluated were new software elements for validation by source clinic and pathology and for reference values based on age. In conclusion, we analyzed the impact and improvements that may be expected in our laboratory (a user of Technicon and Coulter instruments) from introducing the new LH 750 analyzer into our routine.
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PMID:Validation of the Coulter LH 750 in a hospital reference laboratory. 1266 24

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effect of lung transplantation on Health Related Quality of Life by studying 28 patients who survived at least 55 months after lung transplantation. Measures included the Nottingham Health Profile, questions concerning lung-specific problems, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Self-rating Depression Scale, the Index of Well-Being, the Karnofsky performance index, and questions concerning activities of daily life. Furthermore, comorbid conditions were measured. Before transplantation patients reported restrictions on almost all quality of life measures. Until approximately 43 months after transplantation there were significant improvements on most dimensions of the Nottingham Health Profile and more patients could walk without dyspnea. Significant improvements occurred with regard to the levels of anxiety, depression, and well being, and the scores on the Karnofsky performance index improved. Activities of daily life could be performed without help by most patients. After approximately 43 months patients experienced more dyspnea, anxiety, depression, and a lower level of well being. The number of patients suffering from a decrease of kidney function, drug treated hyperlipidemia, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome increased. It may be concluded that patients experience a stable and better overall quality of life after transplantation. Long-term after lung transplantation patients experience a decline on several dimensions of quality of life, which may be explained by an increase of comorbid conditions and Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry
PMID:Long-term quality of life in patients surviving at least 55 months after lung transplantation. 1267 22

Six classes of vertebrate animals were injected with massive doses of estrogen for various periods of time necessary to produce a grossly recognizable response. Swelling of the liver, associated with hypercalcemia, hyperproteinemia, and lipemia, occurred in Teleostei, Amphibia, Reptilia, and Aves, but not in Elasmobranchii or Mammalia. Calcium that was added to the serum was bound as a calcium proteinate complex, synthesized in the liver, and liberated into the plasma. The concentration of calcium per gram was considerably higher than in other oviparous animals. Teleostei, Amphibia, and Reptilia, produced one new component, protein-X(1), having a sedimentation constant of approximately 17S, and many properties of a protein previously described in birds as X(2). Calcium-binding capacity of teleostean and amphibian serum proteins was estimated at 25 to 35 mg. per gm. of the mixed proteins of the serum; reptilian serum proteins bound 55 mg. per gm. Estrogen-treated birds clearly produced two, rather than one, new proteins, a phosphoprotein, X(1), having a rate of 8.5S, and X(2), a phospholipid-lipoglycoprotein, 17S. The calcium-binding capacity was approximately 50 mg. per gm. of the mixed proteins of the serums. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the plasma proteins of oviparity appeared simultaneously with the evolution of bone as a tissue and an ultimobranchial gland having parathyroid function.
J Gen Physiol 1961 Mar
PMID:The partition of calcium and protein in the blood of oviparous vertebrates during estrus. 1377 20

Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARalpha) are clinically used for the treatment of patients with hyperlipidemia. As we have previously shown, a synthetic ligand of PPARalpha, fenofibrate, has a stimulatory effect on insulin secretion in clonal hamster insulinoma beta-cell line HIT-T15 cells. We have also demonstrated that fenofibrate directly inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels, an effect independent of PPARalpha. In this study, fenofibrate was shown to be able to reduce voltage-dependent K(+) (K(v)) channel currents in voltage-independent manner. Therefore, fenofibrate may modulate insulin secretion not only via inhibition of K(ATP) channels but also via reduction of the K(v) channel current.
Gen Physiol Biophys 2006 Dec
PMID:Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ligand fenofibrate on K(v) channels in the insulin-secreting cell line HIT-T15. 1735 36

The introduction of atypical antipsychotics in psychopharmacology represented a major advance in the treatment of psychotic disorders. However, there have been numerous studies that certain atypical antipsychotics may be associated with a greater risk of metabolic abnormalities than others, including weight gain, hyperlipidemia and new-onset typ 2 diabetes mellitus. A G-Protein beta3 subunit Gen (C825T) polymorphism, an increased carbohydrate metabolism and dyshormonism are discussed as pathogenetic mechanisms. High risk patients (adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, preexisting diabetes) should maintain an antipsychotic agent with a favourable side effect profile. In these cases a periodical diabetes screening and blood lipid controls are required. Clinicans must balance the significant benefits of atypical antipsychotics against the risk of metabolic disturbances. In this article recent findings are reviewed.
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PMID:[Atypical antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome]. 1791 38

Pseudohyponatremia refers to low serum sodium in the presence of normal plasma tonicity. Whereas pseudohyponatremia secondary to hyperlipidemia is a commonly recognized occurrence, falsely low sodium levels secondary to elevated protein are less frequently observed. We present in this paper the case of a man coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C who had pseudohyponatremia from hypergammaglobulinemia. As hypergammaglobulinemia is a frequent occurrence in both HIV and HCV, we suggest that pseudohyponatremia is an important and likely underdiagnosed phenomenon in this patient population. Clinicians need to be aware of the electrolyte exclusion effect and become familiar with the techniques used by their local laboratory in the measurement of serum electrolytes. Pseudohyponatremia should also be included in the differential diagnosis of an elevated osmolal gap, as the falsely lowered sodium level will lead to a falsely low calculated serum osmolality.
J Gen Intern Med 2008 Feb
PMID:Pseudohyponatremia in a patient with HIV and hepatitis C coinfection. 1799 69

Hyperlipidemia is found to be associated with changes in fatty acid (FA) profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AHA-Step-1 dietary treatment and combination of fibrates (gemfibrozil) with dietary intervention on serum and erythrocyte phospholipid FA composition in human hyperlipidemia. 78 study participants with hyperlipidemia were divided in two groups. In D group (n = 41) subjects followed AHA-Step-1 diet (<30% of total from fat, <10% of energy from saturated fat, and <300 mg cholesterol per day). D+F group (n = 37) followed Step-1 diet and were receiving gemfibrozil (300 mg/twice per day). Serum lipid levels and phospholipid serum and erythrocyte FA compositions were analyzed at the beginning and after 12 weeks of treatment. Alteration in serum and erythrocyte phospholipid FA profile were found in both groups. After both treatments we found significantly higher serum phospholipid percentages of n-3, n-6 and total polyunsaturated FA. Linoleic (LA, n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n-3) were higher in D group, but arachidonic (AA, n-6) and linolenic acid (LNA, n-3) in D+F group. In erythrocyte phospholipid levels of stearic, palmitoleic (16 : 1, n-7) and LA were significantly higher in D group, but palmitic acid, AA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n-3) in D+F group. Stronger correlation between serum triglycerides with EPA and DHA in erythrocyte membrane phospholipid was found in D+F group. Markedly increased percentage of AA in serum and erythrocyte membrane phospholipid in hyperlipidemic patients receiving gemfibrozil on Step-1 diet is especially important for physiological functions (inflammation, vascular tone, hemostasis etc.) in relation to cardiometabolic risk.
Gen Physiol Biophys 2009
PMID:Serum and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids fatty acid composition in hyperlipidemia: effects of dietary intervention and combined diet and fibrate therapy. 1989

We encountered a clear cell tumor of the lung (CCTL) that was located peripherally, adjacent to the visceral pleura. The tumor could be directly observed during surgery. We believe that this case report describing the surgical and related pathological findings is highly informative. A chest radiograph during routine examination of an asymptomatic 65-year-old woman being treated for hypertension and hyperlipidemia revealed a nodular shadow in the left lung field. Wedge resection was performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery. The in vivo color of the tumor was red, suddenly changing to white after the tumor was clamped. Pathology examination showed a uniform pattern consisting of large clear cells without cytologic atypia or increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemistry revealed tumor cells positive for vimentin and melanocytic markers (HMB-45 and melan-A) and negative for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin. With the absence of clinical findings in both kidneys, the tumor was diagnosed as a benign CCTL.
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010 May
PMID:Clear cell tumor of the lung: surgical and immunohistochemical findings. 2044 16


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