Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the RELP analysis we studied the frequency of X2 allele of apoB gene in three groups of patients: 1) men at the age of 20-59 with lipid metabolism disorders revealed in population inspection of Oktyabrsky district in Moscow; 2) men with ischaemic heart disease and 3) healthy men. It was established that in individuals suffering from type IIa hyperlipidemia the frequency of X2 allele was significantly higher than in healthy donors from Moscow population. Homozygotes for X2 allele of XbaI RELP had 7-9% higher serum cholesterol levels, than homozygotes for X1 allele. The study suggests the X2 allele of the apoB gene to be associated with the development of high plasma cholesterol level. No significant difference in X2 allele frequencies was found between patients with ischaemic heart disease and healthy donors. There was also no association found between cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the presence of X2 allele in this group of patients.
Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 1990 Oct
PMID:[Restriction polymorphism in patients with lipid metabolism disorders and ischemic heart disease]. 197 35

Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were placed on five dietary regimes: fed 1 week, fasted 1 week, fed 3 weeks, fasted 3 weeks, and fasted 1 week/refed 2 weeks. Plasma levels of glucose, fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP) and the activities of key metabolic enzymes were determined. Plasma glucose levels in the fed control groups were 98.4 +/- 3.4 (SEM) and 104.8 +/- 4.7 mg/dl at 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. Plasma glucose in the fasted 1 week group was significantly elevated to 128.8 +/- 9.2 mg/dl. Animals fasted 3 weeks or fasted 1 week/refed 2 weeks displayed plasma glucose levels similar to those of fed animals. Fasted groups possessed significantly less liver glycogen than fed or fasted/refed groups. Plasma fatty acids were elevated only after 3 weeks of fasting (from 0.39 +/- 0.04 microEq/ml to 0.61 +/- 0.06 microEq/ml). This response was reflected in elevated liver lipase activity (from 6.02 +/- 0.44 nmol fatty acid released/hr/mg protein to 14.22 +/- 0.90 units). No significant alterations in liver lipogenesis, assessed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and by 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids, were observed. Gluconeogenic flux, determined indirectly through kinetic parameters of pyruvate kinase, was enhanced in animals fasted 3 weeks and in animals recovering from a 1-week fast. Plasma insulin levels were highest in fed groups (7.7 +/- 2.3 and 5.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml at 1 week and 3 weeks, respectively) and were significantly depressed in fasted groups. Plasma levels of glucagon and GLP were also depressed in fasted groups. These results indicate that plasma glucose levels are maintained in salmon during fasting and that fasting-induced hyperlipidemia is mediated by lipolytic enzyme activity. Insulin, glucagon, and GLP may interact with these enzyme systems to coordinate nutritional metabolism of fish.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991 Mar
PMID:Effects of nutritional state on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. 205 44

As part of the national lipid screening project 927 people with a plasma cholesterol level greater than 6.5 mM were detected by screening 4006 men and women aged 25-59 years. Three years later 801 of the 878 patients eligible for a follow-up study (91%) had been followed up at least once. The median number of follow-up visits was two. The bulk of the workload fell on the nursing staff. The mean decrease in cholesterol level was 8-14% in those receiving dietary advice only, 15-25% in those receiving additional drug treatment and 12% for all patients. A proportion of this decrease must be attributable to regression to the mean, loss to follow up when patients were doing well, and the patients' knowledge of their follow-up date. Data on a group of patients not attending for regular follow up suggest that regression to the mean could account for up to 7% of the cholesterol reduction observed. Screening for hyperlipidaemia in general practice is feasible when the necessary infrastructure is provided, but even with a fairly conservative protocol 3% of those screened received drug treatment.
Br J Gen Pract 1990 Oct
PMID:Hyperlipidaemia in general practice: three year follow up of an opportunistic screening project. 227 Dec 63

1. The effects of isoproterenol (ISO) on the ultrastructure of hearts from 10-week alloxan diabetic rabbits were examined. 2. Following alloxan injection, all rabbits developed severe hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypoinsulinemia. 3. Injection of ISO induced marked alterations in both control and diabetic rabbit hearts including accumulation of lipid and swelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. Myofibrils in both groups of animals were dispersed and appeared as a homogeneous mass with poorly defined Z-bands. 5. The most marked effect of ISO treatment in both groups of animals was damage to mitochondria. Mitochondria were extensively damaged and showed partial or complete disruption of their cristae network. 6. Glycogen granules were few in number or not detectable in both groups of animals. 7. The diabetic animals treated with ISO showed greater clumping and margination of nuclear chromatin, fewer intact mitochondria and a greater number of amorphous dense bodies in and around the mitochondria. 8. The presence of greater sarcolemmal damage in diabetic animals was inferred from the significantly greater accumulation of calcium and decreased magnesium in the myocardium.
Gen Pharmacol 1989
PMID:Isoproterenol-induced ultrastructural alterations in hearts of alloxan-diabetic rabbits. 275 45

Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) somatostatin (sSS; 4 or 8 ng/g body wt) or synthetic Gillichthys urotensin II (UII; 2 or 4 ng/g body wt) were injected intraperitoneally into juvenile freshwater coho salmon. Both sSS and UII caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) which diminished with time. sSS induced an initial (1 hr) transient hyperglycemia. By contrast, UII tended to induce hypoglycemia, this effect being significant 5 hr after injection of the higher dose. Both sSS and UII depressed plasma insulin titers 1 hr after injection. By 3 hr, the sSS-associated insulin depression was no longer observed. UII treatment induced a hyperinsulinemia which was present 3 and 5 hr after peptide administration. Although no decreases in liver total lipid concentration or in mesenteric fat total tissue mass were observed, lipolytic enzyme activity within each depot was significantly enhanced by both peptides. Neither sSS nor UII altered 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids or neutral lipids. However, enhanced lipogenesis, particularly by UII, was indicated by increased NADPH production resulting from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Both sSS and UII enhanced glucose mobilization, as indicated by decreased liver glycogen content and increased liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity. UII, but not sSS, stimulated glycogen synthetase activity. These results suggest that both sSS and UII stimulate hyperlipidemia by enhancing depot lipase activity and that although both factors are potentially gluconeogenetic, sSS seems to be glycogenolytic and hyperglycemic, whereas UII may channel glucose to FFA synthesis.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1987 Jun
PMID:Effects of somatostatin-25 and urotensin II on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. 288 97

Saline extracts of the corpus cardiacum (CC) of Locusta migratoria activate glycogen phosphorylase in locust fat body. The response of phosphorylase to CC extracts and to synthetic adipokinetic hormone (AKH) suggests that the factor responsible for the activating effect of the CC on phosphorylase is AKH, supplemented to a minor degree with Compound II. Octopamine does not influence fat body phosphorylase activity in locusts, however, it elicits a rapid short-term hyperlipemia. In cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, injection of octopamine results in a strong activation of fat body phosphorylase within 1 min. Cockroach CC extract exerts a more prolonged effect on phosphorylase activity than does octopamine.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1983 May
PMID:Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase activity in fat body of Locusta migratoria and Periplaneta americana. 640 90

The relationships of circulating estradiol, estrone, and progesterone levels to plasma lipid levels and ovulatory frequency were studies in sexually mature hens. New Hampshire X Columbian (NH X C) cross-bred hens, which have a relatively low frequency of ovulation, were compared with pure-bred White Leghorn (WLH) hens with a high frequency of ovulation. A mutant strain of WLH hen, exhibiting the phenotypic characteristic of restricted ovulation (RO) was also tested. It was fund that NH X C hens had a basal circulating estrogen: progesterone ratio 2.7 X greater than WLH hens. Furthermore, WLH-RO hens exhibited 3 X HIGHER BASAL PLASMA ESTROGEN AND 4 X lower progesterone than normal WLH hens, resulting in an estrogen:progesterone ratio which was l2.6X higher. In additional, WLH-RO hens did not exhibit any diurnal variation in circulating progesterone levels, and had smaller primary sex organs and also intermittent hyperlipidemia. It is concluded that the basal circulating estrogen:progesterone ratio in sexually mature hens is a good indicator of ovulatory frequency, and that the magnitude of the ratio is determined primarily by the progesterone component.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984 Aug
PMID:Plasma sex hormone and lipid patterns in normal and restricted-ovulator chicken hens. 647 75

We identified factors associated with success among the first 531 patients referred to a Veterans Affairs Medical Center smoking cessation clinic. Both patients and providers completed questionnaires covering smoking history, other health habits, and comorbidity. The 3-month success rate was 23% of all referrals or 42% of clinic attendees. Among those referred, factors associated with their success were being at least 50 years of age, having hyperlipidemia, and not currently drinking alcohol. Among those who attended the clinic at least once, factors associated with success were being at least 50 years of age, being less physically active, and not currently drinking alcohol. Neither patients nor providers could predict who would successfully stop smoking.
J Gen Intern Med 1996 Nov
PMID:Predictors of success in a smoking cessation clinic. 912 Jun 58

Glucagon and insulin were measured by heterologous immunoassays in plasma samples of 17 garden warblers (Sylvia borin) kept under constant ad libitum or fasting-refeeding conditions during the migratory season from September to May. Plasma levels of key metabolic indicators (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids) were measured every 2 weeks. Measurements of the two hormones concur with the general assumption of a higher glucagon:insulin ratio, indicating a more pronounced catabolism in birds than in mammals. The concentrations of both hormones varied (insulin: 0.7-7.7 microIU/ml, n = 66; glucagon: 0.4-4.5 ng/ml, n = 99), but differences between mean values per month were significant only for glucagon. Neither hormone titer correlated with either the seasonal or a fasting-refeeding-induced body mass cycle. However, there was a positive correlation between food intake, changes in body mass, and plasma triglycerides and insulin; in contrast, there was a negative relationship with the glucagon:insulin ratio. Glucagon showed only a small negative relationship to plasma glucose and cholesterol, but correlated directly more closely with plasma free fatty acids. The present data support the fact that glucagon is more lypolytic in birds than in mammals. Pancreatic hormones are suggested to participate in the regulation of premigratory hyperphagia and hyperlipemia.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1997 Aug
PMID:A role for pancreatic hormones in the regulation of autumnal fat deposition of the garden warbler (Sylvia borin)? 924 24

This study explored general practitioner (GP) perceptions of use of treatments to manage hyperlipidaemia and their cost implications. GPs recognized different levels of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but were not always aware of which were major factors. Most were unfamiliar with published guidelines on managing hyperlipidaemia, and were likely to initiate drug therapies even in low-risk patients with mild hyperlipidaemia. Clearer advice is needed on whom to treat and on dietary intervention with high-fibre as well as low-fat diets.
Br J Gen Pract 1998 Feb
PMID:General practitioner perceptions of treatment benefits and costs in patients with hyperlipidaemia. 962 70


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