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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In veterinary medicine, PCV determined by centrifugation of blood in a microhematocrit tube is the most common clinical test used to initially assess and monitor anemic and polycythemic animals. In contrast, blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, rather than PCV, is generally determined in human patients. One automated system photometrically measures blood Hb concentration after conversion of Hb to azide methemoglobin without dilution and was found to be a simple and accurate instrument for use in human medicine. We evaluated the system for its accuracy in measuring blood Hb concentration in animals by comparing it with standard techniques and for its suitability in veterinary practice. Blood samples, anticoagulated with potassium EDTA, from 78 healthy animals (33 dogs, 17 cats, 13 horses, and 15 cows) and 58 dogs and 4 cats with various blood abnormalities (10 anemia, 11 polycythemia, 21 lipemia, 16 leukocytosis, and 6 icterus) were analyzed. In all species, blood Hb concentration of healthy animals determined by the system was comparable to that measured by standard cyanmethemoglobin methods (ie, an automated counter; rI = 0.987 to 0.998 and a hemoglobin kit, rI = 0.946 to 0.993). The aforementioned system also yielded similar values to those obtained by use of standard methods in anemic, polycythemic, and icteric dogs and cats. Moreover, the system reads the absorbance at 2 wavelengths to correct for turbidity, and therefore, accurately measured Hb concentration in blood samples with severe lipemia (triglycerides concentration > 500 mg/dl) and marked leukocytosis (> 50,000 WBC/microliter), whereas other standard Hb techniques are known to give falsely high results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of an automated system for hemoglobin measurement in animals. 145 15

Of eight methods examined for measuring plasma hemoglobin in micromolar concentration, all exhibited acceptable linearity, reproducibility, and concurrence except when specimens were icteric or lipemic or contained methemoglobin or methemalbumin. Measurement of absorbance at 578 nm with an Allen correction permits precise assay of plasma oxyhemoglobin concentration as low as 0.01 g/L (1 mg/dL, 0.16 mumol/L), unaffected by hyperlipidemia or hyperbilirubinemia. Discrepancies between methods occurred in 11.6% of a consecutive series of 50 nonicteric patients' plasma specimens. Examination of absorption spectra is helpful when discrepancies are observed between methods. The presence of methemalbumin or methemoglobin in plasma is not recognized by methods that measure only oxyhemoglobin. Increased ceruloplasmin or beta-carotene does not significantly affect results.
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PMID:Methods for measuring plasma hemoglobin in micromolar concentration compared. 837 97

Hemoglobinometry according to the International Committee of Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) suffers from imprecision related to high sample dilution and from potential errors owing to sample turbidity. We have evaluated a new instrument, "HemoCue," that measures hemoglobin at two wavelengths as azide methemoglobin, without dilution. The HemoCue method is superior to the ICSH method: by correction for turbidity, it avoids false hemoglobin readings that may arise from hyperlipemia or some large M-component of the immunoglobulin M class. We find the equipment suitable for use in outpatient units.
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PMID:Evaluation of "HemoCue," a new device for determining hemoglobin. 394

Hyperlipemia in an acyanotic patient with diabetic ketoacidosis, alcoholism, and pancreatitis produced a falsely elevated concentration of methemoglobin (19 percent) and a lower-than-expected oxygen saturation measured with an automated spectrophotometer (IL-282 CO-Oximeter). In addition, there was a "normal" hemoglobin level despite a low hematocrit reading. In vitro studies showed that hyperlipemia corresponding to triglyceride levels of 500 mg/100 ml and greater produced erroneously high values for methemoglobin and total hemoglobin and "negative" values for carboxyhemoglobin. These abnormalities disappeared when the excessive lipids were removed by washing the erythrocytes in physiologic saline solution.
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PMID:Factitious methemoglobinemia caused by hyperlipemia. 673

Aniline is widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes. It is also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic developers, shoe polish, etc. Exposure to aniline is toxic because it produces methemoglobin. In humans, blood methemoglobin levels are often measured as an index of exposure to aniline. Here a method is described for identification and quantification of aniline by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction from human serum and derivatization with 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate. Aniline, along with the internal standard N-methylaniline, were extracted from alkaline serum using chloroform. Aniline and the internal standard were derivatized with 50 microl 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate. After evaporating excess derivatizing reagent, the residue was reconstituted in 50 microl chloroform and injected into the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. A positive identification of derivatized aniline can be made by observing strong molecular ions at m/z 267 and 269. Similarly, the derivatized internal standard showed strong molecular ions at m/z 281 and 283. The within-run and between-run precisions of the assay were 3.61 and 5.92%, respectively, at an aniline concentration of 5 mg/l. The assay was linear for serum aniline concentrations of 0.5-25.0 mg/l. The detection limit was 0.1 mg/l. The assay was not affected by lipemia, hemolysis or high bilirubin concentration in serum.
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PMID:Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification and quantification of aniline after extraction from serum and derivatization with 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate, a novel derivative. 982 51

Aniline, widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dye, is also used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic developers, shoe polish, and other common substances. Exposure to aniline is toxic because it produces methemoglobin. Aniline levels are usually not measured in serum; in humans, blood methemoglobin levels are often measured as an index of exposure to aniline. In this article, we describe a method for the identification and the quantification of aniline by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after its extraction from human serum and derivatization with 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride. Aniline, as well as the internal standard N-methyl aniline, was extracted from alkaline serum using chloroform. Aniline and the internal standard were derivatized with 50 microL of 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride. After evaporating the excess derivatizing reagent, the residue was reconstituted in 50 microL of ethyl acetate and injected into the GC/MS. A positive identification of derivatized aniline can be made from the strong molecular ion at m/z 343. Similarly, derivatized internal standard showed a strong molecular ion at m/z 357. The within-run and between-run precisions of the assay were 3.8% and 5.8%, respectively, at an aniline concentration of 5 mg/L. The assay was linear for serum aniline concentrations of 0.5 mg/L to 25.0 mg/L. The detection limit was 0.1 mg/L. The assay was not affected by lipemia, hemolysis, or high bilirubin concentration in serum, and the assay was applicable to whole blood. We also fed mice (C57bl/6) with various concentrations of aniline and measured methemoglobin and blood concentrations of aniline. The methemoglobin percentage and aniline concentrations in blood increased with increasing aniline doses.
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PMID:Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric identification and quantification of aniline after extraction from serum and derivatization with 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride, a new derivative. 1021 46

A method for the estimation of the concentration of the blue dye, T-1824, in plasma has been developed. The method is based on the fact that the dye can be reduced to a colorless compound by Na(2)S(2)O(4), in alkaline solution. The extinction coefficient is determined under specified conditions before and after reduction of the dye. Under the conditions employed hemoglobin does not interfere, even if partly present as HbCO or as methemoglobin; the absorption of light by the hemoglobin is the same before and after reduction of the dye. Absorption of light by suspended lipids and plasma pigments is also unaltered by the Na(2)S(2)O(4). Hence variations from sample to sample in hemolysis or degree of lipemia do not affect the accuracy with which T-1824 is determined.
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PMID:A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE BLUE DYE T-1824 IN PLASMA. 1987 Dec 94