Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Spatholobus suberectus (SS) of hexue type, the Euonymus alatus (EA) of huoxue type and the Eupolyphaga sinensis (ES) of poxue type were selected and their influence on plasma lipid in the experimental hyperlipidemia quails was observed. The ES could raise plasma HDL-C/TC ratio and increase LCAT activity. The SS could raise plasma HDL2-C/HDL3-C ratio. The effect of EA on plasma HDL-C/TC, HDL2-C/HDL3-C and LCAT levels was between SS and ES. All the three huoxue huayu Chinese drugs could lower plasma HDL3-C level and slow down the progress of atherosclerosis to a certain degree. The above-mentioned results show that certain orders exist between the action range of huoxue huayu drugs and their effect on regulating plasma lipid.
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PMID:[Comparison of Spatholobus suberectus Dum, Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. and Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker on regulation of plasma lipid]. 178

Three experiments were conducted with female cattle during the postpartum period and during the estrous cycle to examine the effects of diet-induced hyperlipidemia on lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) metabolism, ovarian follicular dynamics, and incidence of postpartum luteal activity. Dietary-lipid effects were examined independently of metabolizable energy intake. Feeding a high-lipid (HL) diet (8% total lipid) for the first 3 wk of the puerperium (Experiment 1) increased (p less than 0.0001) the concentration of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CH), but not TG, within follicular fluid (FF) of estrogen-active (E-A) and inactive (E-I) follicles. Increases (1.4- to 1.7-fold) were similar in proportion to those observed in peripheral blood serum, but absolute concentrations were about 45% of that in serum. Greater than 95% of the cholesterol in FF was HDL-CH, with a greater (p less than 0.06) proportion of HDL-CH sequestered by E-A compared to E-I follicles. The HL diet increased (p less than 0.06) the number of medium-sized (3.1-9.9 mm) follicles present at ovariectomy 19-21 days postcalving and increased (p less than 0.03) concentrations of FF androstenedione in E-I follicles 5-fold. Granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles (Experiment 2) of heifers fed HL diets secreted 2.1- to 3.5-fold greater (p less than 0.03) quantities of pregnenolone and progesterone in vitro. Finally, feeding HL supplements to postpartum range cattle for 30 days increased (p less than 0.05) the incidence of ovarian luteal activity by 18% (Experiment 3). Shifts in lipid metabolic status modify reproductive potential in cattle, independently of dietary energy intake.
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PMID:Diet-induced hyperlipidemia in cattle modifies the intrafollicular cholesterol environment, modulates ovarian follicular dynamics, and hastens the onset of postpartum luteal activity. 178 1

Despite recent national recommendations to use total cholesterol (TC) measures to screen patients for hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, it is unclear how predictive this approach is for older adults, who tend to have higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) values and therefore higher TC. We looked at lipid profiles of 190 adults with a mean age of 70.8 years (range 51 to 86 years) to determine the value of TC in predicting risk states based on HDL-C. One hundred sixty-two did not have a diagnosis of CHD; 28 had a diagnosis of CHD. Of those subjects without CHD, 13 (8.0%) with a TC under 200 mg/dL were "underscreened" since they had a low HDL-C value under 40 mg/dL. Men were three times more likely to be underscreened on the basis of TC alone. Thirty (18.5%) of the subjects were "overscreened" since they had a TC greater than or equal to 240 mg/dL and a normal HDL-C value greater than 50 mg/dL. Only women were overscreened. For those 28 subjects with CHD, TC values alone also "underscreened" 3 (10.7%) of this cohort, and "overscreened" 3 (10.7%). If a provider decides to screen for hyperlipidemia and CHD risk in older patients, a lipid profile rather than a nonfasting TC test should be ordered. Over 26% of the patients in this study would have been misclassified and inappropriately advised regarding their risk for CHD based on a TC value alone.
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PMID:Screening for coronary heart disease risk in the elderly: total cholesterol versus high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. 179 30

Fasting lipid profiles were measured in 20 selected patients the day of and after cardiac catheterization in EDTA tubes. Samples were randomly labelled A or B, centrifuged, and stored at 3 degrees Centigrade. Lipid profiles were analyzed by a laboratory, which was participating in the Center for Disease Control Lipid Standardization Program, by using standard methods. The coefficients of variation for repeated measurements were: cholesterol = 1.9%, triglycerides = 3.6%, HDL cholesterol = 4.3%, and VLDL and LDL cholesterol = 2.6%. Data were evaluated by a two-tailed paired t-test and correlation coefficient. The total cholesterol was significantly lower (P less than .001) the day after cardiac catheterization as was the LDL cholesterol (P less than .002). Both VLDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, but these were not statistically significant. The mean dose of heparin was 3500 +/- 1469 units, and the mean dose of contrast was 181 +/- 30 cc. The total dose of heparin or contrast did not correlate with any change in lipid profiles. These results have implications on the number and timing of venous blood sampling for lipid measurements in regard to diagnosis and treatment of hyperlipidemia. Lipid profiles should not be drawn after cardiac catheterization but rather before and/or in the free-living state.
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PMID:The effect of cardiac catheterization on fasting lipids. 180 61

Increased cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl, LDL levels above 130 mg/dl and total cholesterol/HDL ratio above 4.5 in males and above 5.0 in females are recognized as indicators of increased risk of atherosclerosis. Risk associated to increased triglyceride levels (above 200 mg/dl) must be judged in relation to associated factors such as family history of coronary heart disease, presence of remnants (type III hyperlipidemia), presence of Lp(a), increased levels of Apo B, reduced levels of HDL2 or Apo A1. VLDL and chylomicron remnants and Lp(a) have an atherogenic power in vitro 2 to 4 times that of LDL. There is a correlation between hypertriglyceridemia and reduced HDL2 and Apo A1 levels. Hypertriglyceridemia is frequently associated to other risk factors like diabetes, obesity, hyperinsulinism, and high blood pressure. Finally, VLDL may elevate levels of plasma plasminogen inhibitor. Thus, hypertriglyceridemia should be investigated when, evaluating risk of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Cholesterol and triglycerides in atherosclerosis: epidemiologic and physiopathologic considerations]. 184

None of more widely accepted theories of atherogenesis can explain all the more pertinent features of atherosclerosis: a) foam dell formation; b) endothelial cell stress/injury; c) protective effect of HDL; d) atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; e) the vesicular nature of early lipid deposits in atherosclerosis, f) dissociation of diet risk from the risk due to elevation in plasma cholesterol; or g) correlation of postprandial lipemia with CAD risk. The data obtained from our studies provide a new theory of atherogenesis. This theory is that: a) lipolytic surface remnants of TG-rich lipoproteins may represent a major class of atherogenic lipoproteins which are exacerbated during postprandial hyperlipidemia; b) clearance of these surfaces remnants by HDL in vivo may be one important way that HDL prevents atherosclerosis; c) excess surface remnants may be linked to delayed clearance of potentially atherogenic core remnants, directly linked to atherogenicity via surface remnant-mediated cytotoxicity to cells of the artery wall and/or linked to the deposit of unesterified cholesterol-rich vesicles in early atherosclerosis. An appealing aspect of this hypothesis is that it can account for several unexplained features of atherosclerosis, such as anatomic differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis in the vascular tree, the preference of early atherosclerosis in humans to the region of the coronary artery subjected to low hemodynamic shear stresses, and the vesicular nature of lipid deposits in early atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: an atherogenic insult? 185 66

We investigated lipoprotein profile of 18 non-dialysis patients with CRF and 17 patients on hemodialysis, and studied effect of LPD plus EAA on lipid metabolism of 18 non-dialysis patients with CRF. The results revealed that total triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and semi-quantity of ApoCII, ApoCIII were significantly increased, and HDL, ApoAI ApoAI/ApoB rate, semiquantify of ApoCI were significantly reduced in non-dialysis patients and patients on hemodialysis; VLDL and Ccr were closely negative related in non-dialysis patients. The lipid abnormalities were more severe in non-dialysis patients complicated with hypertension than without hypertension. After 6 to 10 weeks' LPD plus EAA treatment in 18 non-dialysis patients, total triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL were significantly reduced, and HDL, ApoAI, ApoAI/ApoB were significantly increased. We conclude that it is characterized by type IV hyperlipidemia in lipid abnormalities of patients with CRF, and LPD plus EAA treatment may improve it effectively.
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PMID:[Effect of low protein diet, plus essential amino acids on lipid metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure]. 186 71

Nicotinic acid is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that has been shown, in high doses, to lower total plasma cholesterol (C), LDL-C, and VLDL-triglycerides (Tg), while raising HDL-C in patients with type II, III, IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia. Its exact mechanism of action is not known, but it appears to lower the production of VLDL in the liver while activating lipoprotein lipase. The drug may also influence the metabolism of HDL-C. The drug is a second or third choice for isolated hypercholesterolemia because of a high incidence of side effects. However, it has a therapeutic advantage as a monotherapy when reduction of both LDL-C and triglycerides are needed in patients with severe combined hyperlipidemia. The drug can be used in combination with other cholesterol-lowering agents to maximize lipid-lowering activity. Nicotinic acid has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular morbidity in clinical trials.
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PMID:Nicotinic acid for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia. 189 60

The therapeutic effect of bezafibrate (1 x 400 mg/day) on plasma lipids and coronary risk was evaluated in an open, prospective multicenter study in 763 patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia or mixed hyperlipidemia. During the 16 weeks of treatment (712 patients were included in the evaluation) bezafibrate lowered total cholesterol (C) by 22%, triglycerides (TG) by 32% and LDL-C by 20% and increased HDL-C by 29.6%. The ratio of C/HDL-C decreased from 8.8 +/- 2.0 to 5.4 +/- 1.5, i.e. a reduction of 36%. A comparable hypolipemic effect of bezafibrate was seen in all the subgroups of isolated hypercholesterolemia (C -21%, LDL-C -31%, HDL-C + 28%, TG -10%) and mixed hyperlipidemia (C -22%, LDL-C -16%, HDL-C + 30%, TG -37%). During treatment the coronary risk factor estimated by the SPIRIT calculator decreased from 5.5 to 2.5 (-54.5%) in male patients (n = 499). The calculated incidence of myocardial infarction thereby decreased from 225.7 to 111.9 (-50.4%). This study shows that bezafibrate effectively improves lipid metabolism in both isolated hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia and results in a decreased coronary risk.
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PMID:[Effect of bezafibrate in isolated hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia on infarct risk (Stepwise Program for Individual Risk Identification and Therapy): an open multicenter study]. 189 30

A number of studies have reported that a variant allele (S2) of the apo AI/CIII/AIV complex is associated with high plasma lipid levels in some populations and furthermore that the frequency of this allele is 2-5-fold higher in patient groups with premature coronary heart disease compared to control groups. This study shows in the healthy "English" population that the S2 allele is associated with elevated plasma apo CIII levels but not with low apo AI levels. In addition, it shows that the allele is associated with elevated plasma levels of apo B in men. Regression analysis shows in both men and women that apo CIII levels are positively correlated with plasma triglyceride levels and moreover that they are a stronger predictor of this parameter than apo AI, B or AIV. Apo CIII levels are also an independent predictor of total plasma cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels in males and females, respectively. Together these data suggest that a genetic predisposition to develop elevated plasma levels of apo CIII, alone or in combination with elevated plasma apo AIV levels, is the primary defect responsible for the association of the S2 allele with hyperlipidemia and/or premature CHD.
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PMID:Variation at the apo AI/CIII/AIV gene complex is associated with elevated plasma levels of apo CIII. 190 14


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