Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study objective was to determine the effects of monotherapy with clonidine and atenolol versus placebo on serum lipids, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure in patients with mild primary hypertension. The protocol comprised a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 5-month prospective study carried out in an outpatient general internal medicine clinic in a university medical center. There were 92 patients ages 18 to 70, with mild primary hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure of greater than 90 mm Hg and less than 105 mm Hg) without significant cardiac, renal, cerebrovascular, hepatic, neoplastic, or hematologic disorders. Patients with severe hyperlipidemia or peripheral vascular disease were also excluded. All factors known to effect serum lipids were held constant throughout the study (i.e., diet, weight, exercise, caffeine, tobacco). Atenolol and clonidine significantly reduced blood pressure when compared with placebo. Atenolol caused significant increases in serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein B (p less than 0.05) and significant reductions in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II (p less than 0.05). Atenolol also induced a significant adverse effect on all lipid ratios, increasing total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-II ratios and decreasing low density lipoprotein-cholesterol/apolipoprotein-B ratio (p less than 0.05). Clonidine caused significant reductions in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoproteins AI and AII (p less than 0.05 but was neutral on all other lipids, lipid subfractions, and apolipoproteins. Clonidine did not significantly alter any of the lipid ratios.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:The effects of clonidine hydrochloride versus atenolol monotherapy on serum lipids, lipid subfractions, and apolipoproteins in mild hypertension. 219 93

The 127 diet-resistant primary hyperlipidemic patients received 100 mg of ciprofibrate daily for 12 weeks. In the 63 patients with type IIa hyperlipidemia and 41 patients with type IIb hyperlipidemia, serum levels of total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, and apolipoprotein (apo) B decreased significantly and levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo A-I increased significantly. Similar changes occurred in the 23 type IV patients, except that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly and apo B levels did not change. No clinically significant side effects or drug-related abnormal laboratory test results were noted. It is concluded that ciprofibrate is a safe and potent hypolipidemic agent.
...
PMID:Efficacy of ciprofibrate in primary type II and IV hyperlipidemia: the Italian multicenter study. 228 17

In this research, 68 patients suffering from hyperlipemia were divided into observation group taking Tiao-Zhi-Tang (TZT) and control group taking inositol and Mai Tong at random and matched-pair, and the serum levels of HDL-c, HDL2-c, LDL-c, Apo A-I and Apo B were measured respectively by the methods of polyethylene glycol precipitation separation and single radial immunodiffusion. The results showed that there were significant difference in the levels of lipoprotein, apolipoprotein between the patient groups and the healthy group before taking medicines. After taking medicines for four weeks, the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-c and Apo B were lowered and the serum levels of HDL-c, HDL2-c and Apo A-I were elevated in the observation group. The serum level of TG was lowered and the serum levels of HDL2-c, Apo A-I were elevated in the control group. The effects of TZT, with the serum levels of LDL-c and Apo B being lowered and the serum level of HDL-c being elevated, were more beneficial than inositol and Mai Tong. These results suggested that TZT had a good effect on regulating the lipoprotein metabolism.
...
PMID:[Effects of tiao-zhi-tang on lipoprotein and apolipoprotein in hyperlipemic patients]. 235 Aug 32

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is rare in Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlanders. Fifty-two men and 69 women randomly selected from three rural communities and a low socioeconomic urban community in the Eastern Highlands Province were assessed for hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, diastolic hypertension and cigarette smoking. There was no significant difference between the findings in the rural and urban groups. The mean fasting levels of serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apoproteins A-I and B were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than those of rural Australians in a comparative study but the serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher in men less than 30 yr and women less than 40 yr of age. There was no significant difference in the serum cholesterol levels in men and women, and the levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride did not rise with age. The mean fasting levels of plasma glucose were generally lower in PNG subjects and only two (1.7%) had diabetes mellitus. The proportions of highlanders who had diastolic hypertension or who smoked cigarettes were similar to those of Australian populations generally. The low incidence of CHD in PNG highlanders is probably related to the low serum cholesterol and apoprotein B levels, in turn probably related to their basically vegetarian diet and physically active life-style.
...
PMID:Levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, apoproteins A-I and B, and plasma glucose, and prevalence of diastolic hypertension and cigarette smoking in Papua New Guinea highlanders. 250 8

The laying hen represents a physiological model in which the mechanisms of action of estrogens on lipid transport can be evaluated. The plasma lipoproteins in the laying hen were subfractionated into discrete particle species by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation and the physicochemical properties and apolipoprotein contents of individual subfractions evaluated. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of this estrogen-specific profile were then compared to those of the immature chicken. As observed earlier, estrogens induced dramatic elevation in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) (up to 900 mg/dl). Indeed, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins with densities up to 1.035 g/ml, i.e. VLDL and their remnants, behaved as a continuum which displayed little variation in size (20.5-21 nm), electrophoretic mobility (beta-like) and apolipoprotein content; apo B-100 (540 kDa) predominated while apo A-I (27 kDa), apo VLDL-II (19 kDa) and an apo-C-like protein (13 kDa) were present as minor components. The typical high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the immature chicken were replaced by a lipoprotein population whose physicochemical properties were quite distinct. Thus these particles were distributed as a single, asymmetric peak over the density range 1.030-1.158 g/ml, a wide interval which overlapped that of apo-B-rich particles at its lower limit. The rho 1.030-1.158 g/ml lipoproteins were present at concentrations (approximately equal to 200 mg/dl) some twofold to threefold lower than those of HDL in immature birds. Furthermore, they displayed physical and chemical properties in common with both low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL and were LDL-like in exhibiting beta mobility but HDL-like in size (9-15 nm diameter). Their protein moiety was also HDL-like in its predominant content of apo A-I; small amounts of apo VLDL-II and the apo-C-like protein were also detected. Substantial amounts of lipid were found at rho greater than 1.195 g/ml: such substances are absent in the immature chicken and may reflect the presence of vitellogenins. The hyperestrogenic state in the laying hen is therefore associated with major modifications in lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile. Such modifications may be of relevance to clinical disorders involving estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia.
...
PMID:Alterations in plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins associated with estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia in the laying hen. 277 62

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of soy fiber, a natural source of dietary fiber that consists of both cellulosic and noncellulosic dietary fiber, on human plasma lipoprotein lipids and glucose tolerance in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Supplementing 25 g of soy fiber per day provided a significant additional reduction of plasma total-cholesterol by 13 mg/dl (P less than 0.04) and LDL cholesterol by 12 mg/dl (P less than 0.05) beyond that previously achieved by treatment with an NIH Type II-A low-fat, low-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks in Type II-A hypercholesterolemic patients. There were no effects on HDL cholesterol or apoprotein A-I and A-II levels. The hypocholesterolemic effect was greater than in the hyperlipidemic patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Soy fiber supplementation also significantly reduced insulin responses to oral glucose challenge by 20% in Type II-A hypercholesterolemic and by 16.5% in Type IV hypertriglyceridemic patients. Results from this study suggest that supplementing the diet with soy fiber may be beneficial in dietary management of hyperlipidemia in patients with hypercholesterolemia and particularly in hyperlipidemic patients with hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance.
...
PMID:Soy fiber improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in primary hyperlipidemic subjects. 302 11

A randomized double blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was used to determine the efficacy of gemfibrozil and clofibrate in the treatment of familial combined hyperlipidemia and to determine which one of these agents would be more effective. Sixteen patients, 12 men and 4 women, mean age 49.5 years (40-68 yrs), had the entry criteria of increased cholesterol and/or triglyceride with an increase in triglyceride and/or cholesterol in one or more first degree relatives and/or family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Patients received 6 weeks of placebo followed by clofibrate 1000 mg bid or gemfibrozil 600 mg bid for 12 weeks, placebo for 6 weeks and the other drug for 12 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, apo B and apo A-I were measured every 6 weeks during the study. Gemfibrozil was associated with a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in plasma triglyceride concentration compared to placebo but it was not significantly different compared to clofibrate. For ease of comparison, the mean value for serum triglycerides during gemfibrozil treatment (average of the 6 and 12 week measurements) was calculated and was 232 +/- 198 mg/dl (mean +/- 1 SD) compared to the average of the placebo treatment values of 381 +/- 410 mg/dl and the average value during the clofibrate treatment period of 217 +/- 178 mg/dl. HDL-C was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased with both drugs and to the same extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
...
PMID:Comparison of gemfibrozil and clofibrate on serum lipids in familial combined hyperlipidemia. A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. 305 31

Two DNA polymorphisms adjacent to the apolipoprotein A-I/C-III and insulin genes have been suggested to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia and increased risk of coronary heart disease. Using cloned apolipoprotein A-I and insulin gene probes, we determined the genotypes of 39 subjects from six different kindreds with familial clustering of hypertriglyceridemia, 20 additional unrelated subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, 39 patients with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease (CHD) and 61 normolipemic control subjects. The S2 allele bearing an additional SstI restriction site in the apo A-I/C-III complex was found in 16% of healthy controls, 23% of patients with CHD and 62% (P less than 0.001 when compared to controls) of unrelated subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. Among CHD patients the S2 allele was present in 6 out of 14 hypertriglyceridemic patients but only 3 out of 25 normotriglyceridemic patients (P less than 0.05). The S2 allele was present in 64% of subjects from kindreds with hypertriglyceridemia but this allele did not determine the occurrence of hyperlipidemia. The frequencies of the large size or U allele of the polymorphic DNA region flanking the 5' end of the insulin gene in CHD patients (33%) and in controls (24%) were not significantly different. Neither of the polymorphisms studied was associated with changes in serum LDL or HDL cholesterol levels in patients with CHD or unrelated subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. The data suggest that, at least in the Finnish population, the S2 allele of the apolipoprotein A-I/C-III gene complex may serve as a genetic marker for hypertriglyceridemia, whereas both DNA polymorphisms studied are probably useless in determining individual risks of atherosclerosis.
...
PMID:DNA polymorphisms of apolipoprotein A-I/C-III and insulin genes in familial hypertriglyceridemia and coronary heart disease. 311 75

Apolipoproteins AIV, B, E, and the Lp(a) glycoprotein are genetically polymorphic in humans. Three common alleles epsilon 2, epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 control the polymorphism of apolipoprotein E. These code for proteins which differ in functional properties, e.g. receptor binding activity and in vivo catabolism. This explains the significant effect of the apoE gene locus on the variability of plasma lipoprotein concentrations and moreover the implication of apoE alleles in the aetiology of multifactorial forms of hyperlipidaemia e.g. familial type III hyperlipidaemia (apoE2; arg158----cys) and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia (apoE4; cys112----arg). A further gene locus controls the concentrations in plasma of the Lp(a) lipoprotein that is composed of an LDL-like particle containing apoB-100 and the disulphide-bonded Lp(a) glycoprotein. The latter exhibits a genetic size polymorphism (MW approximately 400 kD-700 kD) that is controlled by at least seven autosomal alleles. These alleles at the same time are involved in determining the plasma concentrations of the lipoprotein that range from less than 1 mg/dl to greater than 200 mg/dl. Thus there is evidence that genetic variability in apolipoproteins relates to the variability of lipoprotein concentrations in the population and is implicated in the aetiology of multifactorial hyperlipidaemias.
...
PMID:Apolipoprotein polymorphism and multifactorial hyperlipidaemia. 314 88

We investigated the effects of omega-3 fish oil (FO) supplementation on lipid metabolism, glycemic control, and blood pressure (BP) in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. In 22 diabetic patients without overt hyperlipidemia, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol, HDL3-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) levels did not change during omega-3 FO supplementation for 8 weeks. The mean serum apo B concentration increased significantly [baseline, 2.56 +/- 0.11 (+/- SEM) mmol/L; 4 weeks, 2.82 +/- 0.13 mmol/L; 8 weeks, 2.80 +/- 0.13 mmol/L; P less than 0.01]. The mean plasma postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity increased transiently during the fourth week (baseline, 168 +/- 17 U/mL; 4 weeks, 182 +/- 18 U/mL; P less than 0.05), whereas postheparin hepatic triglyceride lipase activity did not change. Glycemic control worsened transiently during the fourth week, (baseline, 7.7 +/- 0.4%; 4 weeks, 8.4 +/- 0.3%; P less than 0.05). Both systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly throughout the study (systolic BP: baseline, 142 +/- 5 mm Hg; 8 weeks, 128 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic BP: baseline, 88 +/- 4 mm Hg; 8 weeks, 80 +/- 3 mm Hg; P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that in type II diabetics without overt hyperlipidemia, omega-3 FO supplementation does not improve either the glycemic control or serum lipids, and it is associated with a potentially detrimental rise in serum apo B concentrations. Until more information is available, use of such supplementation should be discouraged.
...
PMID:Effects of omega-3 fish oils on lipid metabolism, glycemic control, and blood pressure in type II diabetic patients. 337 25


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---