Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of two synthetic heparinoids, SP-54 and Depot-Thrombocid, on serum lipids was studied in 17 patients with primary hyperlipidaemia (types IIb, IV and V of Fredrickson) and 15 healthy persons. SP-54 had no lipid-lowering effect, neither on oral nor rectal suppository application. Intramuscular injection of Depot-Thrombocid, however, resulted in a decrease of serum triglyceride concentrations of maximally 50% after six hours. There was a marked increase in the activity of the two lipolytic enzymes, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in plasma, as well as an increase in free fatty acids and an extension of thrombin time and PTT. Twenty-four hours after injection all values returned to pretreatment levels. Intramuscular administration of Depot-Thrombocid two or three times a week for seven weeks had no lasting effect on serum lipids. However, there were considerable side effects such as haemorrhagic diatheses, hair loss and thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:[Mechanism of action of synthetic heparinoids: results in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia (author's transl)]. 7 86

To determine whether the long-term feeding of dietary fats affect platelet functions in man, platelet aggregation (to thrombin ADP, collagen, epinephrine) and clotting activity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-poor plasma and of washed platelets were studied in a mobile-laboratory in 44 healthy male farmers (40--45 years) from two French regions Var and Moselle, in relation to lipemia, glycemia, dietary nutriments, and platelet phospholipid composition. In the Moselle subjects, the platelet clotting activity of PRP and of washed platelets, the platelet aggregation to thrombin and ADP, were highly significantly (p less than 0.001) increased as compared to those of Var, but not the plasma cholesterol, which was identical in the two regions. In Moselle, the intake of total calories, total lipids and saturated fats was higher than in the Var. However, it was only with the saturated fat intake (mostly stearic acid) that the platelet clotting activity (p less than 0.01) and the platelet aggregation (p less than 0.001) were highly significantly correlated. The platelet clotting activity was also significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated with the fatty acid composition of the platelet phospholipid fractions phosphatidyl serine + phosphatidyl inositol.
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PMID:Platelet functions in relation to dietary fats in farmers from two regions of France. 42 66

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels were measured in a group of 130 controls and patients with various types of primary hyperlipidemia to investigate whether an increased steady state level of thrombin activity is present in hyperlipidemic patients. In a subset of 56 subjects, levels of clotting factors II, VII, and X were measured as well. FPA levels in hyperlipidemic patients were not significantly different from those of control subjects. Furthermore, on multiple regression analysis, no significant relationships were found between FPA levels and the concentrations of serum cholesterol or triglyceride, or log triglyceride levels. Statistically significant relationships were found between all three clotting factor levels and triglyceride concentration. The correlation coefficients for these relationships, however, were low, so that the correlations are of questionable pathophysiological significance. A weak relationship also was found between the plasma levels of cholesterol and of factor II. Thus, although small increases in various clotting factors may be found in patients with hyperlipidemia, plasma FPA levels are normal. These data indicate that hyperlipidemia is not associated with a steady state of increased thrombin activity in vivo in humans.
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PMID:Normal levels of fibrinopeptide A in patients with primary hyperlipidemia. 45

Results in animals and in man indicate that in many circumstances, lipemia is not closely related to the severity of atherosclerosis nor to the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) or the intake of saturated fats as observed in paired studies between farmers from Moselle and Var in France and from West and East Scotland. In rabbits, an increased response of platelets to thrombin occurs before any deposition of cholesterol, as a result of a saturated fat feeding. Under these conditions, the addition of alcohol to the drinking water decreases significantly both the platelet response to thrombin and the severity of atherosclerotic lesions without much affecting plasma cholesterol. In farmers from Moselle and Var (as well as from Scotland), platelet functions, namely the aggregation to thrombin and their clotting activity, i.e. PF3, are closely related to the intake of saturated fats, either as a result of the long-term feeding or of a 1 year change in the diet of Moselle farmers. Certain platelet functions appear to be the only blood parameter related to the incidence of CHD and significantly correlated on a group, as well as on an individual basis, with the intake of saturated fat, and inversely related with that of calcium. Saturated fats and calcium are known to be the two main dietary factors related to CHD. These results suggest that the intermediate link between dietary fats and CHD might be blood platelets rather than serum lipids, through an effect on both thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Dietary fats and platelet functions in relation to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. 51 Oct 11

A massive hypertriglyceridemia associated with low post heparin lipolytic activity, was demonstrated during the growth of a transplanted lymphoma in Hamsters. An immunoglobulin, with high anti-heparin activity, was extracted from the tumor. It could inhibit both the anti-thrombin and prolipase activity of heparin. The role of this anti-heparin immunoglobulin in triglyceride metabolism allows us to consider the hypertriglyceridemia of lymphoma-bearing Hamsters as one of the two previously described types of auto-immune hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:[Antiheparin immunoglobulin in malignant lymphoma with hypertriglyceridemia, in the hamster]. 82 49

Three plasma fibrinogen methods are presented based on (1) clottable protein assay by Biuret reagent, (2) measurement of clot absorbance and (3) thrombin time. These methods show good correlation and adequate precision on normal subjects as well as heparinized plasmas. The effects of interference owing to hemolysis, lipemia, bilirubin, heparin and fibrinogen degradation products are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Comparison of three methods for plasma fibrinogen. 124 85

Experiments were designed to examine the effect of oxidized low density lipoproteins (Ox-LDLs) on the expression and the release of endothelin from cultured endothelial cells and intact blood vessels. Ox-LDLs (30-300 micrograms/ml), but not native low density lipoproteins (200 micrograms/ml), stimulated the expression of preproendothelin mRNA in porcine and human endothelial cells, leading to a time- and concentration-dependent release of the peptide into the culture medium. The Ox-LDL-stimulated release of endothelin was mimicked by acetylated low density lipoprotein and abolished by downregulation of protein kinase C by phorbol ester. In the intact porcine aorta, Ox-LDLs, but not native low density lipoproteins, also increased the release of peptide in an endothelium- and concentration-dependent manner. The maximal effect was observed at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Incubation of the intact porcine aorta with the scavenger receptor antagonist dextran sulfate decreased the formation of endothelium evoked by Ox-LDLs. The Ox-LDL-stimulated production of the peptide was further augmented in the presence of thrombin (4 units/ml) and was unaffected by nitric oxide-generating compound 3-morpholinosydnonimine (10(-5) M). These results suggest that Ox-LDL may be an endogenous mediator of the augmented release of endothelin observed in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The increased production of the peptide could contribute to vasospastic events and may promote vascular smooth muscle proliferation and progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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PMID:Oxidized low density lipoproteins induce mRNA expression and release of endothelin from human and porcine endothelium. 131 34

Compensatory responses tending to prevent a thrombotic state in rats fed a high lipid diet have been investigated. Platelet membranes from these animals had an increased cholesterol content but the membrane fluidity was found to be within values nearly normal. A decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine was noted. These changes may maintain normal platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents. In fact, platelets from hyperlipidemic rats were hypersensitive to thrombin, but not to adenosine diphosphate. In addition, platelets were apparently able to correct, at least in part, the stated hyperactivity of hyperlipidemic plasma to coagulate, as shown by thrombelastographic tests in both platelet-rich plasma and plasma from hyperlipidemic rats. Finally, thrombelastographic features of whole blood from these animals were found to be normal. This suggests an important role of blood cells in compensating plasma hyperactivity to coagulate during hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Changes in the hemostatic system and compensatory responses during alimentary hyperlipidemia. 175 68

PAI-1 antigen, tPA antigen and thrombin - antithrombin III complexes (TAT) levels were measured in 10 males with stable angina and type-II diabetes mellitus and in 16 males with stable angina without diabetes or other risk factors (hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and obesity) known to increase PAI levels. Ten healthy men of equivalent age served as controls. Because only diabetics with coronary artery disease (CAD) showed a decreased fibrinolytic capacity, a second study was performed on the 16 non-diabetic CAD patients to determine whether submaximal workload induces significant changes of tPA and PAI levels. TAT levels were increased in CAD, and significantly so in the diabetic group. tPA levels were increased only in the CAD patients without diabetes. PAI levels were significantly increased in diabetic CAD patients (5.26 +/- 1.96 ng/ml) but not in the stable angina patients without diabetes (2.97 +/- 1.44 ng/ml). Immunologically-reactive tPA released after exercise was higher in the 16 CAD patients without diabetes than in controls. Our data could indicate that in stable angina without diabetes there is no chronic latent activation of the clotting system, with no impairment of fibrinolytic activity. On the other hand, the presence of diabetes mellitus seems to influence the fibrinolytic capacity in CAD, particularly increasing PAI levels.
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PMID:Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen levels in diabetic patients with stable angina. 177 97

As a source of several vasoactive factors, the endothelium takes part in the regulation of vascular tone. The most important endothelium-derived vasoactive substances are nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelin-1 and contracting factors requiring the activity of cyclooxygenase. The endothelium is an obvious target organ of cardiovascular risk factors. Accordingly, functional alterations do occur with aging, hypertension, and lipids. All three conditions are associated with a decreased basal and stimulated release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. On the other hand, the release of endothelin-1 appears to increase with age, while the sensitivity to the peptide markedly decreases under the same conditions. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, acetylcholine and stretch evoke the release of cyclooxygenase-dependent endothelium-derived contracting factor, most likely prostaglandin H2. The sensitivity and circulating levels of endothelin-1, on the other hand, are reduced in this experimental model of hypertension. In the porcine coronary circulation, oxidized low-density lipoproteins selectively reduce endothelium-dependent relaxations to aggregating platelets, serotonin, and thrombin which are mediated by nitric oxide. The alterations of endothelial function occurring with aging, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia may have important clinical implications for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Endothelium-dependent control of vascular tone: effects of age, hypertension and lipids. 195 6


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