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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inbred Carworth Farms Nelson (CFN) congenitally hyperlipidemic rats had significantly shorter coagulation and prothrombin times and higher levels of coagulation factors, II, V, VII, VIII, and X than did controls. Conversely, congenitally hypolipidemic rats of the same strain had significantly longer coagulation and prothrombin times and lower levels of factors II, V, VII, X and XII and of blood platelets than did controls. A loop-shaped polyethylene cannula was inserted into the aorta to assess the potential for thrombosis. The hyperlipidemic group obstructed this significantly faster and the hypolipidemic group slower than did the controls. Normal CFN rats made hypertensive by unilateral renal artery clip developed hypertension together with significantly elevated serum cholesterol and factor VII and X levels. Rhesus monkeys with diet-induced hyperlipidemia showed shorter prothrombin times and higher factor X levels than did controls on normal diet. By selective breeding, two groups of squirrel monkeys were obtained. Both groups had similar serum cholesterol levels on a normal diet but one group (hyperresponders) showed higher serum cholesterol levels on a cholesterol-containing diet than did the other (hyporesponder) group. Both groups showed significantly elevated levels of factors II, V, VII, IX and X on a cholesterol-containing diet. There was good correlation between the levels of many coagulation factors and serum cholesterol in both rats and monkeys. If thrombosis is important in the genesis of atherosclerosis, these findings could indicate that elevation of plasma lipids may play a role, via the coagulation pathway, in the production of human vascular disease.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, and accelerated thrombosis: studies in congenitally hyperlipidemic rats and in rats and monkeys with induced hyperlipidemia. 81 75

Blood coagulation in a strain of rabbits designated as Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits was examined. The activities of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, contact factors and clotting factor VIII (F VIII) and the fibrinogen level were significantly higher in WHHL rabbits than in normolipidemic rabbits (all age groups). Values for vitamin K-dependent clotting factor were already higher at 2 months of age. Contact factors and fibrinogen levels increased age after 5 to 8 months. F VIII increased between 5 and 8 months and then decreased. At 2 months of age, WHHL rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A was fed standard rabbit chow and group B standard rabbit chow containing 1% probucol. Probucol prevented the progression of atherosclerosis in group B in the absence of a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol level. F VIII and fibrinogen levels were statistically decreased in all rabbits at all ages in group B (P less than 0.05). These differences in clotting factors between the two groups were most obvious at 8 months (P less than 0.02). We conclude that vitamin K-dependent clotting factors may increase with hyperlipemia and that increases in F VIII and fibrinogen may be closely related to the progression of thromboatherosclerosis.
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PMID:Hypercoagulable state in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model for the progression of atherosclerosis. Effect of probucol on coagulation. 274 87

The haemostatic function of 11 men with hyperlipidaemia was measured before and after they were treated with a carbohydrate-reduced, fat-modified diet. After treatment, which significantly reduced serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, they showed a significant fall in mean levels of clotting factors VII, VIII, and X and a rise in fibrinolytic activity. These findings suggest that haemostatic function may be important in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease.
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PMID:Effect of treatment of hyperlipidaemia on haemostatic variables. 742 47

The effect of different fat loads on postprandial lipemia and hemostatic activity was examined in 10 middle-aged men using 3 different meals. One meal was rich in saturated fatty acids (cream), the other rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (sunflower oil) and the third was fat-free containing only carbohydrates. Lipoprotein lipids and hemostatic parameters were measured during fasting and 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the test meal. In fasting samples, several hemostatic parameters were significantly associated with lipoprotein lipids. Most notable were the strong associations of fibrinolysis parameters tissue plasminogen activator antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI-1) with total and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. During lipemia, the associations were approximately similar or slightly weaker than in the fasting state. Both fat loads resulted in similar postprandial lipid responses: VLDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglycerides reached maximum at 4 h after the meal. VLDL cholesterol also increased 4 and 6 h after the fat loads. HDL3 cholesterol declined after the fatty meals but no change was observed in the HDL2 fraction. The fat-free meal gave no significant lipid changes during the time course studied. Factor VII activity (F VII:C) increased 6 and 8 h after the fatty meals, whereas a decrease was observed after the fat-free meal. The changes (+/- S.D.) at 8 h after cream, sunflower oil and fat-free meal were 5.2 +/- 3.3, 3.3 +/- 4.2 and -5.8 +/- 7.9 percentage points, respectively, and the effect of the meal on the changes was statistically significant (F (8,99) = 2.99, P = 0.0048). F VII antigen (F VII:Ag) tended to decline during the day but there was no difference between the meals. Factor VIII activity (F VIII:C) was highest after the polyunsaturated fat meal and lowest after the fat-free meal. PAI-1 declined during the day and the decline tended to be steepest after the fat-free morning meal. The effect of the meal on the changes in lipoprotein lipids and hemostatic factors varied significantly between individuals. In conclusion, postprandial lipemia after a single fatty meal was associated with procoagulatory change in F VII:C but there was no difference between saturated fat and n-6 polyunsaturated fat.
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PMID:The effects of saturated fat and n-6 polyunsaturated fat on postprandial lipemia and hemostatic activity. 828 Jan 80

The effect of hyperlipidaemia on endothelial cell haemostatic properties was examined using ex vivo studies on aortic segments obtained from fat-fed Chinchilla rabbits, mounted in a template device which exposed the luminal surface. Exposure of arterial endothelium to lipids resulted in marked enhancement of externally exposed anionic phospholipids, detected using either fluorescence microscopy with the probe merocyanine 540 or by binding of 125I-polymyxin B and 125I-Annexin V. Consistent with the known procoagulant properties of anionic phospholipid, following the lipid and cholesterol-rich diet intake, intact endothelial cells demonstrated enhanced binding of radioiodinated factors IX/IXa and Xa, and enhanced factor IXa/VIII-dependent factor X activation and factor Xa-factor Va-mediated prothrombin activation. Both factor Xa and thrombin formation were blocked, in large part, by polymyxin B, suggesting dependence of the reaction on anionic phospholipids. Consistent with these results, evidence of increased activation of the coagulation mechanism in vivo was observed in hyperlipidaemic animals, as assessed by a three-fold increase in levels of circulating antithrombin-protease complexes, compared with normolipidaemic controls.
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PMID:Intrinsic procoagulant surface induced by hypercholesterolaemia on rabbit aortic endothelium. 829 24

The glycogen storage disorders (GSD)-I, -III, -VI and -VIII are associated with hypertriglyceridaemia or mixed hyperlipidaemia which poses the question whether these patients have an increased risk for atherosclerosis. The atherogenicity of triglycerides has remained controversial, while increased plasma cholesterol levels are generally accepted as a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, clinical data show that one has to differentiate between metabolic conditions where triglycerides are atherogenic and those which are not significantly related to early onset of atherosclerosis but may cause other disorders such as pancreatitis. Among the disorders of carbohydrate metabolism patients with diabetes mellitus frequently have enhanced plasma triglycerides associated with a higher risk for coronary heart disease, while patients with certain types of glycogen storage disease have high triglyceride levels but do not seem to have an enhanced risk for atherosclerosis. Here we have compared the biochemical abnormalities and the atherogenic risk of three different disorders of glucose metabolism including GSD-I (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency), favism (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency), and diabetes mellitus which are related to either hyper- or hypolipidaemia. The available data indicate that glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) is a central molecule in cellular glucose metabolism which critically influences pentose phosphate cycle activity and, via NADPH2-generation, regulates glutathione peroxidase activity for radical detoxification and also cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis. Radical detoxification is a major protective factor for cell membrane integrity and together with an appropriate renewal of membrane lipids may protect against the development of atherosclerosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Glucose-6-phosphate: a key compound in glycogenosis I and favism leading to hyper- or hypolipidaemia. 831 30

Clinical features of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory infarcts were investigated in ten patients, ranging in age from 38 to 76 years. In all patients, there were MR images of infarction located in the area supplied by the AICA. The lesion was on the left side in 6 patients and right side in 4. The lesion of brain stem including the middle cerebellar peduncle was found in 7 patients and that extended to the cerebellum was in 3 patients. The main ipsilateral neurological signs were the VII and VIII cranial nerves palsy and cerebellar ataxia. The V and VI cranial nerves palsy. Horner's syndrome, and dysphagia were also present. The main contralateral sign was superficial sensory disturbance, but no hemiplegia. The underlying pathology included chiefly hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Cerebral angiography was performed in 8 patients, most of which was observed severe arteriosclerosis suggesting poor hemodynamics in the vertebral and basilar arteries. The prognosis was relatively good, but the VII, VIII, and V cranial nerves palsy and contralateral superficial sensory disturbance remained as the sequelae. As mentioned above, there were various neurological findings and MR images in AICA territory infarcts. Especially there were some patients whose lesion extended to the upper medulla and neurological findings were similar to the Wallenberg syndrome. It is important that one investigates not only axial slices but also coronal slices of MR image to estimate the extension of AICA territory infarct.
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PMID:[Clinical features of anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarcts--a study of ten patients]. 904 27

High serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides are risk factors for coronary heart disease and are strongly related to several haemostatic parameters. Thyroid disorders are a frequent feature in hyperlipidemic patients and are also associated with a variety of haemostatic abnormalities. Therefore, we analysed the relationships between free T4 (fT4) levels and Factor VII and VIII activities (FVIIc and FVIIc), D-Dimers (DDI) and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), in a group of 472 healthy patients referred for hyperlipidemia. Fourty patients were found to have primary hypothyroidism. A negative correlation was found in the whole study population between fT4 and DDI (p = 0.0001, r = -0.21) and the same results were found after exclusion of the patients with fT4 below the normal range (p = 0.0007, r = -0.17). In a multivariate regression analysis, the relationship between DDI and fT4 was independent of age, Body Mass Index (BMI), gender and total cholesterol. Less impressive correlation coefficients were found with FVIIc (r = -0.10), FVIIIc (r = -0.09) and PAI-1 (r = -0.09). These results suggest that fT4 may play a physiological role in the regulation of the haemostatic equilibrium in hyperlipidemic patients and that low levels of fT4 are associated with a hypercoagulable state.
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PMID:Relationship between thyroid hormones and plasma D-dimer levels. 945 32

We investigated the age-related changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation in male WBN/Kob rats, animals that exhibit spontaneously diabetes mellitus at more than 6 months of age. The rats aged 6 months or more showed significant hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. As changes in coagulation parameters, the data indicated significant increases in factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XII activities; a significant decrease in antithrombin III activity in rats more than 6 months of age; significant increases in fibrinogen level and factor XI activity; and significant decreases in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in those more than 9 months of age. As changes in fibrinolytic parameters, the animals showed significant decreases in plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator, and significant increases in alpha2-plasmin inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor at more than 6 months of age. In addition, there were significant correlations between the plasma levels of coagulation/fibrinolytic markers and the 4-hour fasting glucose or lipids. Furthermore, they displayed significant increases in ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation and in cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio in platelets at more than 9 months of age. The increase in cholesterol/phospholipid ratio may be responsible for hyperaggregation of platelets in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that WBN/Kob rats are suitable for research on blood coagulation abnormalities in diabetes. However, further studies are needed to clarify the details of the mechanisms involved.
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PMID:Age-related changes in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation in male WBN/Kob rats. 1089 50

To investigate the relationship among lipids, coagulation and thrombosis in the absence of atherosclerosis, spontaneous or dietary-induced hyperlipidemic (FHL) rats were studied. FHL showed higher levels of coagulation factors VII, IX, X, VIII and XII and a shortening of the occlusion time (OT) of an artificial arterial prosthesis as compared with normolipidemic (FNL) animals. Damage of abdominal aorta of FHL was followed by increased fibrin deposition in the vascular intima as compared to FNL. After 5 months of cholesterol-rich diet FNL showed increased cholesterol, triglycerides and factor II, VII, IX, X, XII levels. A significant shortening of the OT and increased fibrin deposition was also observed. Two-month diet withdrawal restored the initial condition. Warfarin treatment, at a dose decreasing vitamin K-dependent factor to levels found in FNL, prolonged the OT and reduced fibrin deposition, without modifying F XII or changing lipid profile. An increase in the activated form of F VII was observed. In contrast, no difference was found in F VII clearance. High lipid levels favour the process of thrombus formation by increasing the activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Low-dose warfarin treatment reverts the prothrombotic effect of hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Experimental arterial thrombosis in genetically or diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats--role of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and prevention by low-intensity oral anticoagulation. 1177 12


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