Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of such abnormalities as impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The rates of these diseases are increasing and their cardiovascular complications are among the most common causes of death worldwide. The discovery of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-1B) seems to be a milestone in the investigation of insulin signaling transmission. PTP-1B is considered a negative regulator of insulin signaling, mainly through insulin receptor dephosphorylation. In animal model studies (Elchebly et al.) there was a significant increase in insulin sensitivity of PTP-1B knock-out mice. There is also evidence that higher expression of the PTP-1B gene causes insulin resistance in humans. PTP-1B inhibitors could thus be promising drugs for insulin resistance therapy. The object of this review is to present current evidence of PTP-1B's role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance abnormalities and the potential treatment of these disorders.
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PMID:[The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-1B) in insulin resistance]. 1592 4

Leptin regulates energy balance and body weight by activating its receptor LEPRb and multiple downstream signaling pathways, including the STAT3 and the IRS2/PI 3-kinase pathways, in the hypothalamus. Leptin stimulates activation of LEPRb-associated JAK2, which initiates cell signaling. Here we identified SH2-B, a JAK2-interacting protein, as a key regulator of leptin sensitivity, energy balance, and body weight. SH2-B homozygous null mice were severely hyperphagic and obese and developed a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia. The expression of hypothalamic orexigenic NPY and AgRP was increased in SH2-B(-/-) mice. Leptin-stimulated activation of hypothalamic JAK2 and phosphorylation of hypothalamic STAT3 and IRS2 were significantly impaired in SH2-B(-/-) mice. Moreover, overexpression of SH2-B counteracted PTP1B-mediated inhibition of leptin signaling in cultured cells. Our data suggest that SH2-B is an endogenous enhancer of leptin sensitivity and required for maintaining normal energy metabolism and body weight in mice.
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PMID:Identification of SH2-B as a key regulator of leptin sensitivity, energy balance, and body weight in mice. 1609 27

A series of compounds containing one or two salicylic acid moieties were synthesized, and their efficacy to inhibit the phosphohydrolase activity of PTP1B examined. Some of the methylenedisalicylic acid derivatives were potent inhibitors of PTP1B. Of those derivatives, 3c exhibited about a 14-fold selectivity against TC-PTP, and this compound was tested in a mouse model for its efficacy to prevent diet-induced obesity. It effectively suppressed the increases in body weight and adipose mass, without any noticeable toxic effect. The compound also prevented increases in the plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations; thus, expanding its therapeutic potential to other related metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Mono- and disalicylic acid derivatives: PTP1B inhibitors as potential anti-obesity drugs. 1769 25