Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study assessed markers of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction associated with early atherosclerosis in carotid arteries. We measured the plasma levels of free-form tissue factor pathway inhibitor (free TFPI), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in 522 adults without cardiovascular disease enrolled in the Suita Study. For each sex, we analyzed the association of the degree of intimal-medial thickness (IMT) with hemostatic markers using logistic regression analysis considering potential confounding risk factors, including age, body mass index, lifestyle (current smoking and drinking), illness (diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia), systolic blood pressure, and antihypertensive drug use. The age-adjusted levels of free TFPI and PAI-1 were positively and independently associated with the degree of IMT for men. Even after adjustment for all confounding factors, the level of PAI-1 was positively associated with the degree of IMT. These results indicate that measurement of the levels of free TFPI and PAI-1 is a potentially useful tool for the detection of early atherosclerosis in men.
 ...
PMID:Potential of free-form TFPI and PAI-1 to be useful markers of early atherosclerosis in a Japanese general population (the Suita Study): association with the intimal-medial thickness of carotid arteries. 1538 Apr 59

Chronic hypertriglyceridemia is thought to be atherogenic and is associated with an elevated thrombotic potential, both of which may be improved with aerobic exercise training. Eight subjects were tested for aerobic capacity, body composition, and postprandial lipemia (PPL), followed by 6 mo of exercise training and final testing. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of free fatty acid (FFA), triglycerides (TG), insulin (Ins), and glucose (Glu). Hemostatic variables including factor VII activity (FVIIa), tissue factor pathway inhibitor-factor Xa complex (TFPI/Xa), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen/activity as well as leukocyte tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression were determined among four subjects. We found that the exercise training was of sufficient intensity to increase aerobic capacity (P < 0.0001) and improve body composition (P = 0.04). There were no differences between tests among PPL responses of FFA, TG, Ins, or Glu; however, the mean TG response and fat oxidation rate improved. PAI-1 antigen/activity, FVIIa, TFPI/Xa, and TNF-alpha gene expression were all improved after exercise training after adjusting for confounders. We conclude that aerobic exercise training reduces the potential for coagulation, improves fibrinolytic potential, and reduces leukocyte TNF-alpha gene expression after the ingestion of a high-fat meal.
 ...
PMID:Hemostatic response to postprandial lipemia before and after exercise training. 1649 41

The aim of this study was to compare risk factors and concomitant potential cardioembolic sources detected by transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with lacunar and nonlacunar infarcts. Clinical data of 139 patients with a first episode of ischemic stroke who underwent both TTE and TEE were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups, lacunar (LACI=36), and nonlacunar infarcts (NLACI=103); then the latter group was divided into two subgroups, anterior (ACI=76) and posterior circulation infarct (POCI=27). Presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not significantly different between LACI and NLACI groups. The rate of potential cardioembolic risk factors detected by echocardiography was similar in the NLACI groups. At least one potential cardiac source of embolism was identified in 44% (n=16) of LACI, 52.6% (n=40) of ACI and 55.5% (n=15) of POCI patients. Atrial fibrillation was significantly frequent in the ACI group. No significant differences were found between all groups regarding age, sex, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. Our findings demonstrate that hypertension and diabetes mellitus are equally important in the pathogenesis of both LACI and NLACI groups and there is a need for careful cardiac evaluation in cases even with lacunar infarct.
 ...
PMID:Transoesophageal echocardiographic findings in patients with ischemic lacunar and nonlacunar stroke. 1820 76

Patients with neurologic symptoms who undergo carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have a higher incidence of stroke and death in the perioperative period than those with asymptomatic carotid disease. This study examines the outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing carotid stenting (CAS). From 2002 to 2006, 201 CAS procedures were performed in 193 patients (117 men, mean age 73 +/- 10 years), of whom 142 were for asymptomatic (AS) and 59 for symptomatic (S) disease. Preoperative neurologic symptoms included recent ipsilateral cerebrovascular accident (CVA, 29%), transient ischemic attack (50%), and amaurosis fugax (22%). There were 201 carotid stents placed (107 Acculink, 43 Wallstent, 23 Precise, 21 NexStent, 3 Exponent, 3 Xact, 1 Herculink) and 198 protection devices used (79 Accunet, 53 EPI Filterwire, 43 PercuSurge, 20 Angiogard, 3 EmboShield). Mean follow-up was 41 weeks. The groups were matched in terms of demographics and comorbidities (carotid artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, smoking, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; p = nonsignificant [NS]). There was no significant difference in anatomic risk factors (neck irradiation, S 3%, AS 6%; prior CEA, S 14%, AS 14%; bovine arch, S 22%, AS 16%; p = NS), and the types of embolic protection devices and stents used were similar between groups. The mean percentages of preintervention carotid stenosis were equal (S 88%, AS 88%), and the technical success rate was 99%. Incidence rates of CVA (S 3.4%, AS 1.4%), myocardial infarction (S 1.7%, AS 1.4%), and death (S 0, AS 0.7%) were equivalent between groups (p = NS). CAS with cerebral protection can be performed safely in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The presence of preoperative neurologic symptoms does not significantly increase the risk of adverse events in the perioperative period in this study.
 ...
PMID:Periprocedural complication rates are equivalent between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing carotid angioplasty and stenting. 1834 78

Changes in proportions of lipoprotein classes have been described in disease states in humans. In veterinary medicine, hyperlipidemia can cause complications, such as cutaneous xanthomas, liver disease, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, glomerular disease, lipemia retinalis, or peripheral neuropathy, but there are few reports regarding lipoproteins in diseased animals. For canine serum, we partially validated continuous lipoprotein density profiling (CLPDP), a novel density gradient ultracentrifugation technique. We examined canine lipoproteins separated by CLPDP by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We compared lipoprotein profiles between healthy control dogs ( n = 29) and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI; n = 28) using CLPDP. Dogs with EPI included those untreated (EPI-NT; n = 6) and those treated with enzyme supplementation (EPI-T; n = 22). Our preliminary assay validation showed that CLPDP was repeatable (CV = 11.2%) and reproducible (CV = 10.6%) in canine serum. The diameters of lipoproteins analyzed by TEM were similar to those reported previously. Dogs in the EPI-NT group had more severe dyslipidemia than dogs in the EPI-T group. Dogs in the EPI-T group had lipoprotein profiles similar to healthy control dogs. CLPDP might be a useful tool for evaluating dyslipidemia in dogs.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of density gradient ultracentrifugation serum lipoprotein profiles in healthy dogs and dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. 3017 70