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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
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We evaluated diagnostic utility of the hematological, biochemical and serological tests comprised in the "essential laboratory tests" advocated by the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology in 1,026 new patients visiting the outpatient unit of Comprehensive Medicine, National Defense Medical College. Of 750 evaluable patients, 52 showed anemia associated with such conditions as ulcer or cancer of digestive tract, inflammatory disease, or renal failure. Leukocytosis (greater than 9,000/microliters) was found only in 25 of 112 CRP-positive (greater than 0.3 mg/dl) patients, suggesting bacterial infection. Forty-four patients showed hypoproteinemia and/or hypoalbuminemia indicating chronic conditions including liver and inflammatory disease. Elevation of serum creatinine level was found in 4 patients subsequently diagnosed with renal failure, whereas 32 patients demonstrated elevated BUN. After application of the "essential laboratory tests", 97 patients were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol greater than 230 mg/dl and/or triglyceride greater than 250 mg/dl). Determination of serum enzyme activity was useful not only for the diagnosis of liver dysfunction or biliary tract disease but also for those of hematological malignancies or myogenic disorders; however, in patients with abnormal values of LDH, gamma-GT and ALP, clinical significance was not clarified in 53%, 38% and 59%, respectively. These results indicate that the "essential laboratory tests" are useful in the following aspects of primary care medicine: for (1) estimation of the degree or nature of infection or inflammatory status; (2) classification of anemia and its relation to underlying diseases; (3) evaluation of patient general condition and protein-producible function of liver; (4) evaluation of renal function; (5) ambulatory screening for metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia; and (6) diagnosis of liver and biliary tract diseases.
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PMID:[Laboratory tests in primary care medicine: "essential laboratory tests" (2). Usefulness of hematological, biochemical and serological tests in diagnosis of new outpatients]. 159 65

Adriamycin, an anticancer drug, caused dramatic increases in the serum lipid levels of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male Lewis inbred rats were fed a basal or 1.5% cholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholic acid for 8 weeks. The rats were injected with adriamycin in doses of 1.5 mg/kg body weight, twice a week, and 6.0 mg/kg body weight, every other week. The serum lipid peroxide level gradually rose in adriamycin-treated rats, reaching a four-fold level at the end of the experiment. Cholesterol feeding, however, had a lowering effect on the lipid peroxide level. Adriamycin treatment or cholesterol feeding moderately elevated serum lipid levels, but their combination exerted a synergistic effect. In rats injected with a large dose of adriamycin and fed a high-cholesterol diet, the serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels strikingly increased by approx. 2000, 1500 and 1300 mg/100 ml, respectively. However, the ester ratio of cholesterol remained almost constant. Furthermore, serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities were only slightly different from the control values. Adriamycin treatment produced severe hypoalbuminemia. Ascites was also observed in rats given a large dose of adriamycin. The present findings indicate that the hyperlipidemia we observed may basically result from adriamycin-induced nephrosis and can be markedly enhanced when rats are fed a high-cholesterol diet. In spite of remarkably high levels of serum lipids and lipid peroxides, the aortic cholesterol level increased only slightly.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemic effects of adriamycin in rats. 409 81

Hyperlipidaemia of 18 male and 20 female patients following successful renal transplantation was treated with daily 20 mg fluvastatin (Lescol) for 12 weeks. The patients were several months after transplantation, and their total cholesterol levels exceeded 6.5 mmol/l following an 8-week diet. The effect of fluvastatin on the levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, Apo A1 and Apo B, as well as of lipoprotein(a) was examined. Furthermore, changes of the renal function (GFR-urea, creatinine, uric acid) and hepatic function (bilirubin, GOT, GPT, CPK, ALP) were followed up, together with the body weight and blood pressure. The results of the examinations are summarized as follows: Fluvastatin may be administered effectively and without side effects in a daily dose of 20 mg in appropriately selected renal transplant patients. The average total cholesterol values, which were 7.91 mmol/l in men and 7.78 mmol/l in women following the diet, were reduced by 22-25% (p < 0.001) after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, of fluvastatin treatment. The levels of LDL also decreased significantly (p < 0.001): in response to a 20 mg evening dosage, reduction of more than 25% was observed in 78% of men and 65% of women. Reductions of the Apo B levels were more pronounced in the females (18.3% men vs. 21.2% women). The ratio C/HDL-C decreased both in men (from 5.49 to 4.19) and in women (from 4.83 to 4.02). The ratio Apo B/Apo A1 also decreased (men: from 0.86 to 0.73, women: from 0.73 to 0.66). The concentrations of HDL and Apo A1 did not increase significantly, the reductions in the levels of triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) were not considerable either. An increase in the levels of hepatic enzymes and CPK was not encountered during the administration of fluvastatin. In two patients the levels of serum bilirubin increased by 2-4 micromol/l. Three patients complained about temporary myalgias of the sacroiliac or lumbar region which, however, were not accompanied by elevated CPK levels. The monitored levels of cyclosporine, urea and creatinine did not increase significantly during the 12 weeks of treatment. Two patients had temporary gastric complaints.
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PMID:Fluvastatin (Lescol) treatment of hyperlipidaemia in patients with renal transplants. 920 45

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is a kind of inborn errors of metabolism, with the main clinic manifestations of jaundice, hepatomegaly, and abnormal liver function indices. As a mitochondrial solute carrier protein, citrin plays important roles in aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, urea cycle, and protein and nucleotide syntheses. Therefore citrin deficiency causes various and complicated metabolic disturbances, such as hypoglycemia, hyperlactic acidemia, hyperammonemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, and galactosemia. This paper reported a case of NICCD confirmed by mutation analysis of SLC25A13, the gene encoding citrin. The baby (male, 6 months old) was referred to the First Affiliated Hospital with the complaint of jaundice of the skin and sclera, which it had suffered from for nearly 6 months. Physical examination showed obvious jaundice and a palpable liver 5 cm below the right subcostal margin. Liver function tests revealed elevated enzymatic activities, like GGT, ALP, AST, and ALT, together with increased levels of TBA, bilirubin (especially conjugated bilirubin), and decreased levels of total protein/albumin and fibrinogen. Blood levels of ammonia, lactate, cholesterol, and triglyceride were also increased, and in particular, the serum AFP level reached 319,225.70 microg/L, a extremely elevated value that has rarely been found in practice before. Tandem mass analysis of a dried blood sample revealed increased levels of free fatty acids and tyrosine, methionine, citrulline, and threonine as well. UP-GC-MS analysis of the urine sample showed elevated galactose and galactitol. The baby was thus diagnosed with suspected NICCD based on the findings. It was then treated with oral arginine and multiple vitamins (including fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K), and was fed with lactose-free and medium-chain fatty acids enriched formula instead of breast feeding. After half a month of treatment, the jaundice disappeared, and the laboratory findings, including liver function indices, blood levels of ammonia, lactate and AFP, were returned to normal level. The baby was followed up for 6 months. It developed well, and the abnormal laboratory findings, including MS-MS and UP-GC-MS analysis results, have been corrected, except a slightly elevated lactate level sometimes. SLC25A13 gene mutation analysis for the patient revealed a compound heterozygote of mutation 851del4 and 1638ins23 and therefore NICCD was definitely diagnosed.
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PMID:[A difficult and complicated case study: neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency]. 1661 6

The patient was a 58-year-old female. Though she had been in good health, increased hepatobiliary enzymes were detected in a health examination. She visited our hospital for close examination. The serum IgG4 level was normal, but ERCP and MRCP showed band-like stricture and beaded appearance of the bile ducts. A diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) was made. Since hyperlipidemia was also observed, oral administration of bezafibrate (400mg/day) alone was performed as the initial treatment, and transaminase, ALP, and GGT rapidly decreased. These results suggested that the initial administration of bezafibrate alone is effective against PSC.
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PMID:[Bezafibrate alone is an effective first-line therapy for primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case report]. 1680 Feb 87

Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities of the extracts of leaves and calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were investigated by studying their in vitro inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation and in vivo effects on cholesterol induced hyperlipidemia. Highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by ethanolic extract of calyces followed by ethanolic extract of leaves followed by aqueous extract of leaves of H. sabdariffa. In cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic model, groups of rats treated with extracts of calyces and leaves of H. sabdariffa showed a significant decrease in the serum TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TAG values alongwith an increase in serum HDL-C levels. The treated groups also showed significant decrease in the atherogenic index, LDL-C: HDL-C risk ratios, and in the levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALP activities compared to cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic control group. Significant antihyperlipidemic activity was shown by ethanolic extract of calyces, followed by ethanolic extract of leaves. It was observed from the histopathological findings that rats fed with H. sabdariffa extracts showed decrease in granular degeneration caused by cholesterol feedings. Results suggest that the ethanolic extracts of calyces and leaves of H. sabdarifa containing polyphenols and flavanols possess significant antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities.
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PMID:Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. leaves and calyces extracts in rats. 1938 24

Ocimum sanctum (OS) has a lipid-lowering action in both normal and diabetic animals. Because OS leaves are rich in oil, the present study was conducted to explain the anti-hyperlipidemic and organ-protective effect of OS fixed oil in rats fed with a high fat (HF) diet. OS fixed oil was extracted by hexane and the fatty acids composition identified by GC-MS. Four groups of male Wistar rats included a normal control group, a high fat fed-diet (HF) group, a HF group treated with OS fixed oil, and a HF group treated with a reference drug simvastatin. The results show that OS fixed oil contains five kinds of fatty acids, of which alpha-linolenic acid was the major fatty acid. OS fixed oil depressed high serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and AI, whereas no significant effect on HDL-C was observed. OS fixed oil also suppressed high levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride with no significant effect on both lipids in feces. In addition, OS fixed oil normalized the high serum levels of LDH and CK-MB but no significant effect on high serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP was obtained. We conclude that treatment with OS fixed oil during the last three weeks of HF diet feeding decreased the high serum lipid profile and expressed antiartherogenic and cardioprotective actions against hyperlipidemia. The anti-hyperlipidemic action of OS fixed oil was mainly resulted from the suppression of liver lipid synthesis. Linolenic acid and linoleic acid contained in OS fixed oil were possibly responsible for both lipid-lowering and cardiac protective action against hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Anti-hyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of Ocimum sanctum L. fixed oil in rats fed a high fat diet. 2130 53

The hyperlipidemia, fatty liver and the high levels of liver and kidney thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) observed in rats which were fed ethanol for 45 days, could be significantly reduced by feeding diacetodibutyl disulphide (DADBDS). Ethanol-induced hypoproteinemia and the rise in serum enzymes like AST (EC 2.6.1.10), ALT (EC 2.6.1.2) and ALP (EC 3.1.3.1) could also be ameliorated by DADBDS. Feeding of this compound to normal rats did not produce any change in serum or tissue lipid levels or serum enzymes or tissue TBARS except a moderate reduction in serum triacyl glycerols. DADBDS feeding to rats maintained on a high lipid diet could also reduce the serum and tissue lipid levels and also reduce the serum transaminases.DADBDS which is an aliphatic disulphide could produce hypolipidemic effects in rats fed a single large dose of ethanol, whereas dimenthol disulphide which is an aromatic disulphide was not useful as a hypolipidemic agent. Perhaps hypolipidemic effects are shown only by aliphatic disulphides and not by aromatic disulphides. Feeding of 100 mg DADBDS per kg body weight to normal fasted rats produced a mild hypoglycemia, but higher doses produced a hyperglycemic effect. This dose of DADBDS increased the serum insulin levels and reduced blood glucose levels in fasted diabetic rats, but DADBDS feeding did not alter the serum insulin levels in fasted normal rats. DADBDS is odourless and tasteless in 1% solution and it could be a better substitute for garlic for hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic studies.
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PMID:Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of diacetodibutyl disulphide. 2310 44

The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against lead acetate-induced toxicity in liver and kidney of female rats. Animals were divided into four equal groups; group 1 served as control while groups 2 and 3 were treated orally with Omega-3 fatty acids at doses of 125 and 260 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 10 days. These groups were also injected with lead acetate (25 mg/kg body weight) during the last 5 days. Group 4 was treated only with lead acetate for 5 days and served as positive control group. Lead acetate increased oxidative stress through an elevation in MDA associated with depletion in antioxidant enzymes activities in the tissues. Moreover, the elevation of serum enzymes activities (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) and the levels of urea and creatinine were estimated but total proteins were decreased. Also, lead acetate-treatment induced hyperlipidemia via increasing of lipid profiles associated with decline in HDL-c level. Significant changes of Hb, PCV, RBCs, PLT, and WBCs in group 4 were recorded. The biochemical alterations of lead acetate were confirmed by histopathological changes and DNA damage. The administration of Omega-3 provided significant protection against lead acetate toxicity.
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PMID:Protective role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid against lead acetate-induced toxicity in liver and kidney of female rats. 2504 76

The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
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PMID:Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats. 2671 63


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