Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic "idiopathic" pancreatitis (CP) in a 7 year-old-boy, whose father has suffered from CP, and whose former grandfather had suffered from pains possibly of pancreatic origin, led us suspect a hereditary etiology. An analysis, extended in a control fashion to the relatives of the healthy spouse of the affected grandfather, surprisingly revealed 2 more proven and 3 more suspected CP, giving the overall number of 8 affected members in this 35-member 3 generation kindred and revealed a maternal heredity instead of paternal heredity (which was first thought to be apparent). We therefore recommend that in a family suspected to suffer from hereditary CP (HCP), a screening should be extended to cover even the unaffected spouse's family--the present extended study revealed for 23 new members them to belong in an affected family. Without an extensive screening advises for family planning, alcohol consumption etc. can not be given. Plain abdominal X-ray accompanied with epigastric ultrasonographic are suitable for screening, which might be extended to every individual in smaller families, but may be safely restricted to the members ever suffered from epigastric pains in the case of a huge family. Pancreatic duct anomalies, hyperlipidaemia, hypercalcaemia, aminoaciduria or hyperimmunoglobulinaemia, all of which have been seen to accompany HCP, were not present in this family. Neither was any linkage found between the penetrance of HCP and ABO/Rh blood groups or HLA haplotypes.
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PMID:Screening a family for hereditary chronic pancreatitis. 226 97

Genetic markers would be useful to study the transmission of type 2 diabetes and to identify patients with enhanced risk of development of late diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected possible genetic markers on the development of diabetic complications. One hundred and eighty patients with type 2 diabetes (79 males, 101 females) were therefore studied with respect to ABO and Rh blood grouping and chlorpropamide alcohol flush (CPAF) and acetylator phenotype status, in addition to life style (smoking, dietary, alcohol and drug taking habits) and metabolic indexes (HbA1, M-value, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides), with regard to late complications coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension (AH), peripheral vascular disorders (PVD), retinopathy and nephropathy. None of the genetic markers considered appeared to be associated with diabetic complications. Multiple logistic analysis identified different risk-factors for each complication: AH and age for CHD; hyperlipidaemia for AH; age of patients for PVD; duration of diabetes for retinopathy; AH for nephropathy. It is concluded that the possible genetic markers evaluated in this study do not identify a higher or lower risk for late complications. On the contrary, most of the risk factors identified support previous studies. Active correction of these risk-factors might improve the overall prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Risk factors for micro- and macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetes: lack of association with acetylator phenotype, chlorpropamide alcohol flush and ABO and Rh blood groups. 311 87

Recently, new calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (FK-506) and microemulsion cyclosporin, have been approved for maintenance immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients and short-term outcomes have been accumulating. In the majority of patients, these calcineurin inhibitors have been used in combination with new immunosuppressive drugs, such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or sirolimus. Under these circumstances, a comparison of cyclosporin and tacrolimus provides the answer to a very important controversial issue. Which drug should we choose in individual patients? In an attempt to answer this question, this review compared the use of tacrolimus and cyclosporin in modern immunosuppressive regimens, which have already been published in well designed clinical studies, and discusses how immunosuppression should be individualised in renal transplant patients.Overall, short-term patient and graft survival with cyclosporin microemulsion and tacrolimus is almost identical. The incidence of acute rejection is generally lower in tacrolimus/azathioprine- than in cyclosporin/azathioprine-treated patients. However, in conjunction with MMF, the difference in the incidence of acute rejection between tacrolimus- and cyclosporin-treated patients became smaller. Adverse events, such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and cosmetic changes (gum hypertrophy, hirsutism) seem to be less frequent in tacrolimus-treated than in cyclosporin-treated patients. Recent randomised studies showed that the incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus was almost identical between low-dose tacrolimus- and cyclosporin-treated patients. According to the data discussed in this review, the recommendation on the choice of calcineurin inhibitors at this moment is that either cyclosporin or tacrolimus can be used safely and effectively for patients without any risk factors. However, at our centre, we prefer tacrolimus to cyclosporin in patients with a high risk for rejection, such as those with ABO-incompatibility, delayed graft function, sensitisation, and African American race and some other risk factors, such as hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Moreover, tacrolimus may be preferable to cyclosporin for women because of hirsutism and for children because of the steroid-sparing effect. We consider that cyclosporin should be chosen when patients experience tacrolimus-related adverse events, such as severe chest pain, tremor, gastrointestinal symptoms and encephalopathy. In conclusion, well tolerated and effective immunosuppression is feasible with both cyclosporin and tacrolimus. In the current immunosuppressive regimens, a calcineurin inhibitor, either tacrolimus or cyclosporin, is the essential basic standard immunosuppressant. Clinicians need to decide the best means of optimising therapy for individual patients, based on various risk factors, such as risk of rejection, i.e. sensitisation, delayed graft function and ABO-incompatibility, and some adverse events, such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and cosmetic changes.
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PMID:Calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation: what is the best option? 1288 61