Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polymerized hemoglobin solutions (Hb-based oxygen carriers; HBOCs) and a second-generation perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion (Perflubron) are in clinical trials as temporary oxygen carriers ("blood substitutes"). Plasma and serum samples from patients receiving HBOCs look markedly red, whereas those from patients receiving PFC appear to be lipemic. Because hemolysis and lipemia are well-known interferents in many assays, we examined the effects of these substances on clinical chemistry, immunoassay, therapeutic drug, and coagulation tests. HBOC concentrations up to 50 g/L caused essentially no interference for Na, K, Cl, urea, total CO2, P, uric acid, Mg, creatinine, and glucose values determined by the Hitachi 747 or Vitros 750 analyzers (or both) or for immunoassays of lidocaine, N-acetylprocainamide, procainamide, digoxin, phenytoin, quinidine, or theophylline performed on the Abbott AxSym or TDx. Gentamycin and vancomycin assays on the AxSym exhibited a significant positive and negative interference, respectively. Immunoassays for TSH on the Abbott IMx and for troponin I on the Dade Stratus were unaffected by HBOC at this concentration. Tests for total protein, albumin, LDH, AST, ALT, GGT, amylase, lipase, and cholesterol were significantly affected to various extents at different HBOC concentrations on the Hitachi 747 and Vitros 750. The CK-MB assay on the Stratus exhibited a negative interference at 5 g/L HBOC. HBOC interference in coagulation tests was method-dependent-fibrometer-based methods on the BBL Fibro System were free from interference, but optical-based methods on the MLA 1000C exhibited interferences at 20 g/L HBOC. A 1:20 dilution of the PFC-based oxygen carrier (600 g/L) caused no interference on any of these chemistry or immunoassay tests except for amylase and ammonia on the Vitros 750 and plasma iron on the Hitachi 747.
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PMID:Effect of hemoglobin- and Perflubron-based oxygen carriers on common clinical laboratory tests. 929 68

This study was designed to establish a hyperlipidemic diet (significant increase in the cholesterol and triglycerides blood levels, but without atherogenic changes in heart muscle and coronary vessels) and to investigate the influence of experimental hyperlipidemia on the effects of ischemic preconditioning (PC) of rat-isolated papillary muscle on the time course of contractility during simulated ischemia and reperfusion and responsiveness to phenylephrine under such a condition. The animals were divided in four experimental groups: standard diet-fed control group (SD), SD underwent ischemic preconditioning (SD-PC), hyperlipidemic diet-fed group (HLD) and HLD underOFFt PC (HLD-PC). Force of contraction (Fc), velocity of contraction (+dF/dt), and velocity of relaxation (-dF/dt) were measured. HLD preparations were more sensitive to ischemia then SD ones. PC, performed by 5-min perfusion with no-substrate solution gassing with 95% N2/5% CO2 in the presence of fast electrical stimulation, and 10 min of reperfusion with normal solution and rate of stimulation, significantly increased the resistance of isolated cardiac tissues to simulated ischemia in SD-PC group, but not in HLD-PC group. Negative inotropic action of phenylephrine occured in SD group of preparations after simulated-ischemia/reperfusion period was also prevented by PC. Therefore, we conclude that experimental hyperlipidemia significantly influenced the function of rat heart muscle including the higher sensitivity to ischemia and different reaction to the same PC procedure.
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PMID:Experimental hyperlipidemia prevents the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on the contractility and responsiveness to phenylephrine of rat-isolated stunned papillary muscle. 1048 Jun 53

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL, MIM-144250) is a common, multifactorial and heterogeneous dyslipidemia predisposing to premature coronary artery disease and characterized by elevated plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, or both. We identified a mutant mouse strain, HcB-19/Dem (HcB-19), that shares features with FCHL, including hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, elevated plasma apolipoprotein B and increased secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The hyperlipidemia results from spontaneous mutation at a locus, Hyplip1, on distal mouse chromosome 3 in a region syntenic with a 1q21-q23 FCHL locus identified in Finnish, German, Chinese and US families. We fine-mapped Hyplip1 to roughly 160 kb, constructed a BAC contig and sequenced overlapping BACs to identify 13 candidate genes. We found substantially decreased mRNA expression for thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip). Sequencing of the critical region revealed a Txnip nonsense mutation in HcB-19 that is absent in its normolipidemic parental strains. Txnip encodes a cytoplasmic protein that binds and inhibits thioredoxin, a major regulator of cellular redox state. The mutant mice have decreased CO2 production but increased ketone body synthesis, suggesting that altered redox status down-regulates the citric-acid cycle, sparing fatty acids for triglyceride and ketone body production. These results reveal a new pathway of potential clinical significance that contributes to plasma lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Positional cloning of the combined hyperlipidemia gene Hyplip1. 1175 87

A 59-year-old man without a history of ischemic heart disease underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia with epidural anesthesia. About 15 min after pneumoperitoneum had been achieved, the patient developed ST elevation and hypotension. Vagal stimulation resulting from stretching peritoneum, the procedure and epidural anesthesia are thought to have induced vasospasm. The ST segment became normal after interruption of CO2 insufflation. A postoperative coronary artery angiogram showed normal coronary arteries, but diffuse coronary artery spasm was seen after intracoronary injection of acetylcholine. The patient was discharged on nitrates. Patients with gall bladder stones sometimes have coronary risk factors of obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Careful attention should also be given to patients who do not have a history of coronary disease.
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PMID:[Coronary artery spasm during cholecystectomy with pneumoperitoneum--a case report]. 1496 4

It is not known if vitamin E in hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia of longer duration has any beneficial or adverse effects on electrolytes, and liver and kidney function. The objectives of this study are to determine (i) if long duration of mild hypercholesterolemia has any adverse effects on serum electrolytes, glucose and enzymes related to liver and kidney functions; (ii) if vitamin E has any effects on serum electrolytes, glucose and enzymes related to liver and kidney function in hypercholesterolemia. Blood samples were collected from the rabbits before and at various intervals during administration of a high cholesterol diet (0.25%) for 2 and 4 months, and while on a high cholesterol diet with vitamin E following a high cholesterol diet. Measurements of serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), albumin, creatinine, electrolytes [sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and carbon dioxide (CO2)] were made. High cholesterol diet for 2 months produced hypercholesterolemia which was associated with reductions in serum glucose, unaltered serum electrolytes, ALT, ALP, GGT, albumin and creatinine, and increased levels of AST. Hypercholesterolemia for 4 months had effects similar to hypercholesterolemia for 2 months except it lowered serum ALP. Vitamin E did not affect any of the parameters except serum glucose and Cl, which decreased compared to the values at month 2. Hypercholesterolemia for short and long term does not have adverse effects on liver or kidney function, and serum electrolytes. Vitamin E during hypercholesterolemia does not affect serum electrolytes or liver and kidney function.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin E on serum enzymes and electrolytes in hypercholesterolemia. 1973 Sep 89

In the present study, a special kind of Momordica charantia seeds produced in Hai Nan was selected and analyzed. Firstly, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine the mineral elements. It was clear that the contents of K, Mg and P are the highest in the seeds; Cr and Zn takes up to 5.65% and 45.45% high, especially, which are rare in plant foods. These minerals, especially Cr and Zn might have a complex effect on those proteins or polysaccharides and form a stronger anticipation of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and cholesterol. Secondly, seed oil was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction with a yield ratio of 36.89, and the fatty acids were treated by methylation in alkaline process and purified by thin-layer chromatography, then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) identification. The saturated fatty acids (SFA) take up 36.712, and mainly are stearic acid; monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) is only 3.33% which is dominantly linoleic acid (LA); Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) accounted for 59.96%, and the alpha-eleostearic acid takes up 54.26% as the main fatty acids in all. The plentiful alpha-eleostearic acid leads to strong effects of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, lowering blood fat, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and preventing cardiovascular diseases, and so on. Knowing clearly the mineral elements distribution and identifying the composition of fatty acid, especially the main fatty acids in the oil, are both of great guiding importance to further exploit the clinical and edible value in Momordica charantiap seeds.
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PMID:[Mineral elements analysis of Momordica charantiap seeds by ICP-AES and fatty acid profile identification of seed oil by GC-MS]. 2093 53


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